scholarly journals IMPACT OF SELF-EFFICACY THEORY ON IMPROVING ADHERENCE OF OLDER ADULTS PATIENTS WITH GLAUCOMA’S MEDICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Faiza A. Abou-El-Soud ◽  
Helalia Shalabi Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Glaucoma Medication ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This study was aimed to measure the impact of self-efficacy theory to improve medication adherence among older adults’ patients with glaucoma. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was used to investigate the study hypotheses.  Study Sample: A total of 284 older adults with glaucoma were screened to select non-adherent patients with medication. The recruited study sample was (152) who are non-adherent with glaucoma medication divided equally into (76 study group) and (76 control group). Setting: the study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of Ophthalmology at University Hospital, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.  Tools: three tools were used for the purpose of data collection (I) Bio-socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire; (II) Medication Adherence Rating Scale (III) Glaucoma Medication Self-Efficacy Scale. Findings: The findings revealed that the mean age of the studied sample was 74.86+4.63 (non-adherent to medication). Patients age and presence of more than three multiple chronic illnesses with poly-medications are the highest risk factors of adherence to medications (OR = 10.9; 95% CI 6.8 -16.32, P = 0.000); (OR = 12.6; 95% CI 8.2 -18.4, P = 0.000) and (OR = 13.2; 95% CI 7.4 -19.8, P = 0.000) respectively. Participants who received the intervention program showed a significant improvement in their self-efficacy in overcoming medication adherence barriers compared to the control group. An improvement of the self-efficacy in their ability in carrying out glaucoma medication correctly compared to the control group was shown by highly statistically significant differences between total mean scores at (t =3.426, P =.001; t =17.174, P=.000; t =18.141, P=.000) respectively. The intervention program of glaucoma medication management had a positive impact on the patients’ outcomes compared to the control group. There is a statistically significant difference between patients’ feelings and thoughts pre and post-intervention was detected. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The findings confirm the effectiveness of an intervention/educational program based on self-efficacy theory in terms of improving glaucoma medication adherence among older adults. Glaucoma’s medication principles should be discussed at regular intervals based on patients' needs and the barriers they are facing.

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Efficacy Expectations and Exercise in Older Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficacy Expectations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to consider the longitudinal changes in self-efficacy and outcome expectations for exercise and the impact of these variables on maintaining regular exercise over a 4-year period in a group of older adults living in a continuing care retirement community. There were 78 individuals who completed all four surveys. The participants had at least a high school education, and the majority were Caucasian (99%), female (83%) and either widowed or never married (80%). The mean age of the participants was 84.4 ± 5.1 years. Based on repeated measure analysis of covariance, controlling for mental and physical health, there was not a statistically significant difference in self-efficacy expectations (F = 2.0, p > .05) or outcome expectations (F = 2.2, p > .05) over time. There was a statistically significant decrease in exercise over time (F = 9.9, p < .05). Using path analysis it was demonstrated that self-efficacy expectations, outcome expectations, and physical health directly and indirectly influenced maintenance of regular exercise. Age, gender, and mental health had a limited and inconsistent influence on maintenance of exercise. Future research and clinical work should focus on developing and testing interventions that strengthen both self-efficacy and positive outcome expectations in older adults to facilitate maintenance of exercise behavior over time.

Tai Chi Enhances Self-Efficacy and Exercise Behavior in Older Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhong Li ◽  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Peter Harmer ◽  
Terry E. Duncan ◽  
Nigel R. Chaumeton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Effects Models

The article describes a randomized, controlled trial conducted to examine the effects of a Tai Chi intervention program on perceptions of personal efficacy and exercise behavior in older adults. The sample comprised 94 low-active, healthy participants (mean age = 72.8 years. SD = 5.1) randomly assigned to either an experimental (Tai Chi) group or a wait-list control group. The study length was 6 months, with self-efficacy responses (barrier, performance efficacies) assessed at baseline, at Week 12, and at termination (Week 24) of the study. Exercise attendance was recorded as an outcome measure of exercise behavior. Random-effects models revealed that participants in the experimental group experienced significant improvements in self-efficacy over the course of the intervention. Subsequent repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that participants’ changes in efficacy were associated with higher levels of program attendance. The findings suggest that self-efficacy can be enhanced through Tai Chi and that the changes in self-efficacy are likely to improve exercise adherence.

scholarly journals AgingPLUS: Theoretical Background and Study Design of the Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
George Rebok ◽  
David Roth ◽  
Kaigang Li ◽  
Abigail Nehrkorn-Bailey ◽  
Diana Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Goal Planning

Abstract The AgingPLUS program targets three psychological mechanisms that are known barriers to middle-aged and older adults’ engagement in physical activity (PA): Negative views of Aging (NVOA), low self-efficacy beliefs, and poor goal planning skills. These risk factors are addressed in a 4-week intervention program that is compared to a generic health education program as the control group. Middle-aged and older adults (age 45-75 years) are enrolled in the trial for 8 months, with four assessment points: Baseline (pre-test), Week 4 (immediate post-test), Week 8 (delayed post-test), and Month 6 (long-term follow-up). The major outcome variables are participants’ engagement in PA as assessed via daily activity logs and actigraphs. Positive changes in NVOA, self-efficacy beliefs, and goal planning are the intervention targets and hypothesized mediating variables leading to increases in PA. This trial adopted the experimental medicine approach to assess the short- and long-term efficacy of the AgingPLUS program.

scholarly journals Supporting the Medication Adherence of Older Mexican Adults Through External Cues Provided With Ambient Displays: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/14680 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e14680
Author(s):  
Ernesto Zárate-Bravo ◽  
Juan-Pablo García-Vázquez ◽  
Engracia Torres-Cervantes ◽  
Gisela Ponce ◽  
Ángel G Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adherence Behavior ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Ambient Displays ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Cues

Background Problems with prospective memory, which refers to the ability to remember future intentions, cause deficits in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, such as taking medications. Older adults show minimal deficits when they rely on mostly preserved and relatively automatic associative retrieval processes. On the basis of this, we propose to provide external cues to support the automatic retrieval of an intended action, that is, to take medicines. To reach this end, we developed the Medication Ambient Display (MAD), a system that unobtrusively presents relevant information (unless it requires the users’ attention) and uses different abstract modalities to provide external cues that enable older adults to easily take their medications on time and be aware of their medication adherence. Objective This study aimed to assess the adoption and effect of external cues provided through ambient displays on medication adherence in older adults. Methods A total of 16 older adults, who took at least three medications and had mild cognitive impairment, participated in the study. We conducted a 12-week feasibility study in which we used a mixed methods approach to collect qualitative and quantitative evidence. The study included baseline, intervention, and postintervention phases. Half of the participants were randomly allocated to the treatment group (n=8), and the other half was assigned to the control group (n=8). During the study phases, research assistants measured medication adherence weekly through the pill counting technique. Results The treatment group improved their adherence behavior from 80.9% at baseline to 95.97% using the MAD in the intervention phase. This decreased to 76.71% in the postintervention phase when the MAD was no longer being used. Using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance and a post hoc analysis using the Tukey honestly significant difference test, we identified a significant statistical difference between the preintervention and intervention phases (P=.02) and between the intervention and postintervention phases (P=.002). In addition, the medication adherence rate of the treatment group (95.97%) was greater than that of the control group (88.18%) during the intervention phase. Our qualitative results showed that the most useful cues were the auditory reminders, followed by the stylized representations of medication adherence. We also found that the MAD’s external cues not only improved older adults’ medication adherence but also mediated family caregivers’ involvement. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate that using ambient modalities for implementing external cues is useful for drawing the attention of older adults to remind them to take medications and to provide immediate awareness on adherence behavior. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04289246; https://tinyurl.com/ufjcz97

scholarly journals The impact of a peer-based education on fruits and vegetables intake among housewives

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Sheybani ◽  
Zahra Hosseini ◽  
Sayed Hossein Davoodi ◽  
Teamur Aghamolaei ◽  
Amin Ghanbarnejad
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Peer Education ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Evidence indicates the lower intake of fruits and vegetables than the recommended daily amount. Study aimed at determining the effects of peer education intervention on the consumption of fruits and vegetable in housewives. Methods A quasi-experimental was conducted with 130 housewives referring to health care centers in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Sixty-five subjects were recruited in each of the intervention and the control groups. Intervention group were divided into three subgroups each receiving a seven-sessions educational programs (lecturing and group discussion) through peers about the importance of benefits of fruits and vegetables consumption. Participants were followed for two months. Data were collected using a questionnaire in two stages of pre- and post-intervention. Differences in the outcome before and after the intervention were tested using T-test and paired T-test. Results The daily servings of fruits and vegetables in the intervention group increased from 1.73 to 4.20 and in the control group from 1.96 to 2.16; a statistically significant difference was also observed between the groups (P < 0.001). After the intervention benefits and self-efficacy of fruits and vegetables consumption significantly increased and perceived barriers of fruits and vegetables consumption significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001). Conclusion Peer education improves benefits and self-efficacy, reduces barriers, and increases the daily servings of fruits and vegetables in housewives.

scholarly journals The Impact of Using Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)intervention for Reducing Teacher Burnout and Enhancing Self-efficacy of teachers of Autism Syndrome Disorder (ASD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 3848-3859
Author(s):  
Dr. Moudi Abdullah Amer Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Teacher Burnout ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The current study aimed to explore the effectiveness of using Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention on reducing teacher burnout of teachers of Autism Syndrome Disorder (ASD).It is also aimed to investigate the impact of decreased teachers' burnout on enhancing the self-efficacy of those teachers. To achieve such goal, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention and Oldenburg teacher burnout inventory, and Self-efficacy Scale. The sample of the study consists of 32 teachers who teach autistic children in the Autistic Behavior School (ABS) in Jahraa district, in the State of Kuwait. They were divided into two groups; the experimental group including 15 ASD teachers and the control group that includes 17 teachers. Both quantitative and qualitative designs were used; the quasi-experimental research design has been adopted in this study to assess the improvement achieved by the experimental group compared with the control group as a result of using the MBSR intervention program. Also, semi-structured interviews have been held with certain teachers with a high level of burnout. Results of the study revealed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. MBSR intervention was effective in alleviating teachers' burnout and enhancing their self-efficacy. Based on the study results, it is recommended that mindfulness strategies should be used to alleviate anxiety, depression, stress, and even burnout teachers experience due to their job especially those teaching children with disabilities and autism.

Effect of wearable sensor-based Otago Exercise Program biofeedback in older adults with moderate to high risk of falling

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Martins ◽  
D Francisco ◽  
D Guia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Falls remain a major public health issue. The ageing process is characterized by a progressive decrease in muscle strength, reaction time, postural control and changes in sensory systems. Wearable sensor-based biofeedback systems used in physiotherapy, particularly incorporated in exercise programs, are promising strategies to enhance the learning of strength and balance exercises and improve self-efficacy. Objectives To evaluate the effect of the wearable sensor-based Otago Exercise Program (OTAGO) biofeedback in older adults with moderate to high risk. Methodology Sixty participants (84.35 years) were distributed to the experimental group (26) and a control group (34). The EG underwent the OTAGO incorporated in a technological system using pressure and inertial sensors and biofeedback in real-time, administered by a physiotherapist for 5 weeks, with a frequency of 2 times a week. The CG kept doing their regular activities. Outcome measures included handgrip strength (HG), Time Up and Go (TUG), 30 seconds Sit to Stand, 10 meters Walking Speed (10m WS), 4 Stage Balance Test “Modified”, Step test and Questionnaire of Self-efficacy for exercise. Results At baseline, significant differences were observed regarding the 10m WS (p &lt; 0.001), TUG (p = 0.036) and HG (p = 0.001). Relatively to 4SBTM, in post-intervention was seen significant difference (p = 0.008) and in EG there was also substantial results (p &lt; 0.001). The same happens in SEE (p = 0.013 and p = 0.020, respectively). A significant increase was found in EG so that the post-intervention 10m WS was statistically higher compared with the CG (EG: 0.42±0.29; CG: 1.10±0.51; p = 0.003). In the CG worst results were observed in some of the functional tests. Conclusion Biofeedback in real-time facilitates the self-learning of the exercise program, and it is a useful tool for training strength, balance and self-efficacy for exercise, contributing to reducing the risk of falls.

scholarly journals Supporting the Medication Adherence of Older Mexican Adults Through External Cues Provided With Ambient Displays: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Zárate-Bravo ◽  
Juan-Pablo García-Vázquez ◽  
Engracia Torres-Cervantes ◽  
Gisela Ponce ◽  
Ángel G Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adherence Behavior ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Ambient Displays ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Cues

BACKGROUND Problems with prospective memory, which refers to the ability to remember future intentions, cause deficits in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, such as taking medications. Older adults show minimal deficits when they rely on mostly preserved and relatively automatic associative retrieval processes. On the basis of this, we propose to provide external cues to support the automatic retrieval of an intended action, that is, to take medicines. To reach this end, we developed the Medication Ambient Display (MAD), a system that unobtrusively presents relevant information (unless it requires the users’ attention) and uses different abstract modalities to provide external cues that enable older adults to easily take their medications on time and be aware of their medication adherence. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the adoption and effect of external cues provided through ambient displays on medication adherence in older adults. METHODS A total of 16 older adults, who took at least three medications and had mild cognitive impairment, participated in the study. We conducted a 12-week feasibility study in which we used a mixed methods approach to collect qualitative and quantitative evidence. The study included baseline, intervention, and postintervention phases. Half of the participants were randomly allocated to the treatment group (n=8), and the other half was assigned to the control group (n=8). During the study phases, research assistants measured medication adherence weekly through the pill counting technique. RESULTS The treatment group improved their adherence behavior from 80.9% at baseline to 95.97% using the MAD in the intervention phase. This decreased to 76.71% in the postintervention phase when the MAD was no longer being used. Using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance and a post hoc analysis using the Tukey honestly significant difference test, we identified a significant statistical difference between the preintervention and intervention phases (<i>P</i>=.02) and between the intervention and postintervention phases (<i>P</i>=.002). In addition, the medication adherence rate of the treatment group (95.97%) was greater than that of the control group (88.18%) during the intervention phase. Our qualitative results showed that the most useful cues were the auditory reminders, followed by the stylized representations of medication adherence. We also found that the MAD’s external cues not only improved older adults’ medication adherence but also mediated family caregivers’ involvement. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrate that using ambient modalities for implementing external cues is useful for drawing the attention of older adults to remind them to take medications and to provide immediate awareness on adherence behavior. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04289246; https://tinyurl.com/ufjcz97

scholarly journals 427 - Psychoeducation Program for the Prevention of Older Adults´ Infantilization in Professionals working in Nursing Homes

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
C. Noriega ◽  
G. Pérez-Rojo ◽  
J. López ◽  
C. Velasco ◽  
M.I. Carretero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

IntroductionKayser-Jones (1981) described infantilization as one of the four most frequent types of violence in nursing homes. Older people perceive infantilization as disrespectful and patronizing. In professionals, it can lead to protective behaviors that reduce autonomy and generate more dependency. Despite the importance of this phenomenon, the interventions are scarce and show methodological limitations.ObjectiveThis study analyzed the efficacy of a psychoeducation program for the prevention of infantilization in professionals working in nursing homes. The sample included 154 direct-care workers. The experimental group (N=111) attended a psychoeducational group intervention program while the control group (N=43) did not attend any intervention program. We assessed the infantilized practices the professionals recognized they conducted and the ones observed in the institution before and after the intervention. The intervention lasted 6 hours and included four sessions distributed in two days. These sessions aimed to reduce negative stereotypes, preventing infantilized communication patterns and the use of behaviors or practices that are frequently used with children. We also offered professionals alternative practices that recognize autonomy, decision-making and respect older adults´ dignity and uniqueness. To analyze data, we conducted Repeated measures of ANOVA and one-way ANCOVAs.Results:The scores of infantilization in the experimental group significantly decreased from pre-intervention to post-intervention in the professional, F(1, 85) = 37.184, p = .01, partial η2 = .030, and in the institution, F(1, 84) = 32.128, p = .01, partial η2 = .277, while the control group did not show any changes. There was a statistically significant difference in post-intervention between the experimental and the control group when participants scored their infantilization practices, F(1, 115) = 5.175, p = .03, partial η2 = .043, and infantilization practices observed in the institution, F(1, 115) = 5.810, p = .018, partial η2 = .048.Conclusion:These results reflect the importance of developing interventions focused on preventing infantilization, methodologically rigorous, in which professionals´ training and education are considered key pieces to generate a culture of change. More research is needed to understand this problem in greater depth to develop programs that address this problem at different levels.Funding:This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant no. PSI2016-79803-R).

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