scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FROM UNREACTIVE TOGO PHOSPHATE ROCK BY LEGUME AND CEREAL CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alex Boateng ◽  
Prof. Emmanuel Owusu- Bennoah
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

Purpose: In recent years, phosphate rock (PR) for direct application has been tested in tropical acid soils as a potential alternative to conventional water-soluble P fertilizers like Single Superphosphate (SSP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP). However, direct application of PR with low reactivity does not always give satisfactory results. Legume and cereal crops represent a strategy that can be used to solubilize P from some of these unreactive PRs. The objective of this study was to assess the availability of P from unreactive Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR) relative to TSP by six (6) crop species in two Ghanaian soils. Methodology:  The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana. Three P rates, 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TPR and TSP were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in the two soil series. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to do the analyses. Results/Findings: Application of TSP resulted in higher dry matter and P uptake irrespective of the soil type. Among the legumes, cowpea gave the highest dry matter yield. Fairly, a similar trend was obtained with the application of TPR. Among the cereals, the average P uptake by sorghum from TPR was the highest, followed by maize and millet in the Nzema soil. In the Adenta series, P uptake by maize was the highest, followed by sorghum and millet. Phosphorus (P) uptake by the cereals from TPR was generally better in the Adenta than the Nzema soil. Unique contribution to theories, practice and policy: Results show increasing the rate of TPR to 100mg P/pot resulted in an increase in dry matter yield and P uptake in both soils, but was inferior to 100mg P/pot TSP application. Consequently, the rate of application of TPR should always be high if farmers want the best from their investments. Again, the low relative agronomic effectiveness of TPR for all the crops, proved the low reactivity of the material and its subsequent low performance compared with the water-soluble P. The low reactivity and the high molar mass of PO43-/CO32- of the TPR will always make it difficult for P to be made available from the TPR despite the acidity of the soil, the high density of the crops and the ability of the tested crops to exude organic acids, which facilitate phosphorus availability from TPR, therefore making TPR unsuitable for direct application.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water and ammonium acetate tests as indices for available P in limed soils

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
Soluble P

The water and acid acetate extractions as predictors of the P uptake by plants were compared in a two-year pot experiment and a simultaneous incubation test. The accuracy of these methods was dissimilarly affected by individual cultivation measures, such as the addition of nutrient salts and liming. In contrast to acetate-extractable P, the water-soluble P proved to be sensitive to the salt addition reducing the water extraction test values markedly. On the other hand, in limed soils the water-soluble P seemed to be more closely related to the P uptake by plants than the acetate-extractable P which tended to overestimate available reserves.

scholarly journals Ratio and rate effects of 32P-triple superphosphate and phosphate rock mixtures on corn growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Ide Franzini ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Fernanda Latanze Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
P Rate ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Corn Plants

The availability of phosphorus (P) from " Patos de Minas" phosphate rock (PR) can be improved if it is applied mixed with a water-soluble P source. The objective of this study was to evaluate 32P as a tracer to quantify the effect of the ratio of mixtures of triple superphosphate (TSP) with PR and the rates of application on P availability from PR. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse utilizing corn (Zea mays L.) plants as test crop. In the first experiment, the P sources were applied at the rate of 90 mg P kg-1 soil either separately or as compacted mixtures in several TSP:PR ratios (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100 calculated on the basis of the total P content). In the second experiment, the TSP was applied alone or as 50:50 compacted mixtures with PR applied at four P rates (15, 30, 60 and 90 mg P kg-1) while the sole PR treatment was applied at the 90 mg kg-1 P rate . The mixture of PR with TSP improved the P recovery from PR in the corn plant and this effect increased proportionally to the TSP amounts in the mixture. When compared with the plant P recovery from TSP (10.52%), PR-P recovery (2.57%) was much lower even when mixed together in the ratio of 80% TSP: 20% PR. There was no difference in PR-P utilization by the corn plants with increasing P rates in the mixture (1:1 proportion). Therefore, PR-P availability is affected by the proportions of the mixtures with water soluble P, but not by P rates.

Pasture environments in Australia where reactive phosphate rock will be an effective phosphate fertiliser

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. G. Sale ◽  
A. Brown ◽  
G. Maclaren ◽  
P. K. Derbyshire ◽  
S. M. Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Suitability Maps ◽  
Soluble P

Summary. Maps are constructed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) computer technology to identify privately held land in the high rainfall zones of temperate and tropical Australia where highly reactive phosphate rocks (RPRs) are likely to be effective phosphorus (P) fertilisers for permanent pasture. Australia-wide RPR suitability maps were based on annual rainfall, soil pH and the P sorption capacity of the soil. The digitised soil map from the Atlas of Australian Soils and the soil profile acidity map derived from the Atlas, were used to identify land areas with suitable soil properties. The coarse scale of the Atlas, which has only the 1 dominant soil for each 100 ha minimum landscape unit, limits the precision in identifying specific land types. Reactive phosphate rock suitability maps for pasture land in Victoria were also developed using smaller land units and state-wide digitised soil maps for surface pH and surface texture. The GIS maps indicated that there are about 26.5 × 106 ha of land in the high rainfall pastoral zone of Australia that have sufficient annual rainfall and appropriate soil properties for RPR to become effective by the 4th year after changing from annual water-soluble P fertiliser to RPR fertiliser applications. Additional land with a lower rainfall might also be suitable if the soil surface is not excessively sandy. The area of high rainfall pasture land where RPR is likely to be as effective as water-soluble P fertiliser in the first year of application is around 3 × 106 ha. The major portion of this land is in North Queensland, with smaller areas in southern Victoria, in far north-west Tasmania and in the far south-west of Western Australia. More detailed GIS maps for Victoria indicate that RPRs would become as effective as water-soluble P fertiliser by the 4th year on more than 70% of private land where annual rainfall exceeds 700 mm.

Increasing rock phosphate efficient use through soil amendment with waste biomasses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Piscitelli ◽  
Zineb Bennani ◽  
Donato Mondelli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Pot Trial ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Mill Waste

<p>Loss of soil organic carbon content can limit the soil's ability to provide goods and services. In agricultural soil this may lead to lower yields and affect food security. In this context, the proper use of waste biomasses as soil amendment is a valuable alternative to disposal with numerous benefits to soil fertility with a direct effect on soil organic matter content. Moreover, beside this direct effect waste biomasses can have a beneficial result on nutrients.</p><p>In modern agriculture the use of rock phosphate as fertilizer is crucial but abused. Although this non-renewable resource reserves may be depleted in 50-100 years, many farmers still use overabundant amount of rock phosphate-based fertilizers with an additional environmental burden. From a chemical point of view the efficient use of rock phosphate can be increased by some agricultural practices and amending soil with waste biomasses is one of them.</p><p>Here we propose the use of 3 different waste biomasses on phosphate rock dissolution and subsequent phosphorus availability. The 3 waste biomasses, citrus pomace, olive oil mill waste and barley spent grains, were selected mainly for their potential direct or indirect effect on pH. This experiment was composed by two steps a bench and a pot trial. In the bench trial the waste biomasses and phosphate rock were mixed and transferred in litterbags. In these litterbags pH, water soluble P, matter loss and total P were destructively analyzed each 10 days for a month. In the pot trial the same combination of waste biomasses and phosphate rock were tested in a soil plant system; some agronomic parameters were measured on rocket salad and pH, soil-P availability, acid phosphatase activity were analyzed in soil.</p><p>In bench trial, barley spent grain plus phosphate rock shows the highest water soluble P, citrus pomace plus phosphate rock showed a significant correlation between water soluble P and pH while olive oil mill waste plus phosphate rock has high correlation between water soluble P and matter loss. These two treatments were also the best performing in the pot trial in terms of rocket salad yield and soil available P. Even though the investigation was conducted on a short lived experiment, some results are encouraging and displays good agronomic performances of waste biomasses plus phosphate rock. Nevertheless, next studies should consider other waste biomasses within longer experiments. Additionally, scaling up the experiment to a field application can provide more thorough information about the effects on soil organic carbon and P dynamics.</p>

Effect of reactive phosphate rocks and water-soluble phosphorus fertilisers on extractable phosphorus concentrations in soil

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Fleming ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
M. A. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Phosphate Rocks ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Pasture Yield

Summary. Soil samples were collected each year from all plots at all sites in the National Reactive Phosphate Rock Project and analysed for bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus (P) using the Colwell procedure (soil test P). The relationship between soil test P and the level of P applied was adequately described by a linear equation. The slope coefficient of this equation provides a measure of the extractability of P from soil treated with a particular fertiliser and has been termed the ‘extractability’ for that particular fertiliser at that site. Extractability values were used to estimate phosphate rock effectiveness; this was done by dividing the extractability for each phosphate rock by the extractability of the reference water-soluble P fertiliser to provide a relative soil extractability (RSE). There was a good agreement between the RSE for a phosphate rock and its substitution value for water-soluble P fertiliser, which is a measure of fertiliser effectiveness based on pasture yield. Estimates of fertiliser effectiveness, based on increases in soil test P values, also agreed with estimates based on pasture yield with respect to the ranking of different P fertilisers, and the ranking of phosphate rocks in order of their reactivity. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify relationships between a range of soil properties and extractability values across sites, but no relationships were found.

scholarly journals The influence of long-term sewage sludge application on the activity of phosphatases in the rhizosphere of plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
V. Vaněk ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
B. Kotková
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

Model experiments using rhizoboxes were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of different plants (wheat, rape) on the changes in water extractable contents of P, the pH/H2O value and the activity of acidic and alkaline phosphatase in soil of plant rhizosphere. For this experiment, a Cambisol with different long-term fertilizing systems was used: (i) control (with no fertilizer application), (ii) sewage sludge, and (iii) manure. A lower content of water-soluble P was observed in close vicinities of root surfaces (up to 2 mm) at all the studied variants. The control (non-treated) variant reflected a significantly lower content of water-soluble P in the rhizosphere compared to the fertilized ones. The activities of the acidic and alkaline phosphatases were significantly higher in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil (soil outside the rhizosphere). The long-term application of organic fertilizers significantly increased phosphatase activity; the activity of the acidic phosphatase was significantly higher in the rhizosphere of rape plants compared to wheat. The variant treated with manure exhibited an increased activity of both the acidic and alkaline phosphatases compared to the variant treated with sewage sludge. In the case of the variant treated long-term with sewage sludge, the portion of inorganic P to total soil P content proportionally increased compared to the manure-treated variant. Soil of the rape rhizosphere showed a trend of lower pH/H<sub>2</sub>O value of all variants, whereas the wheat rhizosphere showed an opposite pH tendency.

Water-soluble p-carboxybenzylated beechwood 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan: structural features and properties

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ebringerová ◽  
J. Alföldi ◽  
Z. Hromádková ◽  
G.M. Pavlov ◽  
S.E. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

A route to virtually unlimited functionalization of water-soluble p-sulfonatocalix[4]arenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (29) ◽  
pp. 4122-4125
Author(s):  
Alexander Gorbunov ◽  
Anna Iskandarova ◽  
Kirill Puchnin ◽  
Valentine Nenajdenko ◽  
Vladimir Kovalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Cuaac Reaction ◽  
Soluble P

Diverse narrow-rim derivatives can be easily prepared from p-sulfonatocalix[4]arenes using the propargylation/CuAAC reaction sequence.

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