scholarly journals A Global Network of Science and Technology Advice in Foreign Ministries

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Global Network ◽  
International Institute ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Foreign Ministries

This paper is a product of the International Dialogue on Science and Technology Advice in Foreign Ministries (Vienna Dialogue) in October 2016, involving more than twenty nations and several international organisations. The event was a key step to further develop the Foreign Minister Science and Technology Advisor Network (FMSTAN), growing from an initial group of five nations. The Vienna Dialogue was convened by the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) at the Vienna headquarters of IIASA, bringing together diplomats from foreign ministries to consider the value of evidence for informed decision‐making by nations with regard to issues, impacts and resources within, across and beyond national boundaries. The evidence comes from the natural and social sciences with engineering and medicine as well as other areas of technology. By building common interests among nations, science is a tool of diplomacy, promoting cooperation and preventing conflict in our world. Science diplomacy was discussed as an international, interdisciplinary and inclusive process to help balance national interests and common interests in view of urgencies today and across generations in our globally‐interconnected civilization.

scholarly journals Science Diplomacy – To 2030 and Beyond

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Foreign Ministries

The 2nd International Dialogue on Science and Technology Advice in Foreign Ministries was co-convened at the Tufts European Center in Talloires, France, from 15-17 September 2017 by the International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA) and the Science Diplomacy Center (Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University). ‘The Talloires Dialogue’ engaged the Foreign Ministries Science and Technology Advice Network (FMSTAN) and other representatives from foreign ministries of sixteen nations to address developments in our globally-interconnected civilization that require science and technology advice for informed decision-making. Multi-stakeholder fora, including INGSA and FMSTAN, provide global and international venues for dialogues among allies and adversaries alike to build common interests with continuous progress, responding to crises and emergencies, disruptive technologies, global spaces and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals beyond 2030 on a planetary scale. Progress with science diplomacy was discussed as an evolving international, interdisciplinary and inclusive process that requires training to balance national interests and common interests for the benefit of all on Earth across generations.

scholarly journals Science Diplomacy and Its Engine of Informed Decisionmaking: Operating through Our Global Pandemic with Humanity

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-450
Author(s):  
Paul Arthur Berkman
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
World War ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Second World

Summary Science diplomacy is an international, interdisciplinary and inclusive (holistic) process, involving informed decisionmaking to balance national interests and common interests for the benefit of all on Earth across generations. Informed decisions operate across a ‘continuum of urgencies’, which extends from security to sustainability time scales for peoples, nations and our world. The COVID-19 pandemic is the ‘most challenging crisis we have faced since the Second World War’, as noted in March 2020 by UN Secretary-General António Guterres, when survival is once again a common interest at local-global levels. This essay introduces common-interest-building strategies with science diplomacy to operate short term to long term, before-through-after the ‘inflection point’ of our global pandemic, as the next step in the evolution of our globally interconnected civilisation.

“Football More Important Than Berlin”

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-137
Author(s):  
Heather L. Dichter
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
German Democratic Republic ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
East German ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Foreign Ministries

In the early 1960s Portugal and the Netherlands confronted the problem of East German participation in the UEFA Junior Tournament and Olympic qualification. Although not very important tournaments, domestic governments feared they would cause a public backlash against themselves and NATO should the East Germans not be allowed to participate. These games became tied up with debates over NATO policies, national interest, and public opinion. The popularity of football prompted some states to attempt to use the national interest exception to the East German travel ban. These football matches brought the Cold War into the smaller NATO member states’ national boundaries. By hosting sporting events the Netherlands and Portugal engaged directly with their NATO allies over Cold War policies with which they did not fully agree or which they believed would cause public opinion problems at home and abroad. NATO diplomats, foreign ministries, and the leaders of national and international football federations spent months in protracted negotiations over whether minor football matches involving the German Democratic Republic would even take place during the height of the Cold War as each group attempted to appear blameless in the court of public opinion.

Congress Mania in Brussels, 1846–1856

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-363
Author(s):  
David Aubin
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
National Interests ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
New Form

In 1853, the director of the Belgium Royal Observatory, Adolphe Quetelet, welcomed delegates from several countries to two consecutive meetings that have acquired considerable reputation as the first international congresses of, respectively, meteorology and statistics. This paper examines the local context where several similar international congresses (on free trade, universal peace, prison reform, public hygiene, etc.) were organized in the same decade. It argues that the new Belgian state developed this new form of international conference in order to bolster its soft power in the Concert of Nations. It also discusses tensions between national interests and global beliefs in the efficiency of science, which arose from these congresses. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Science Diplomacy, edited by Giulia Rispoli and Simone Turchetti.

A Tribute to the Extraordinary Research Work Within the Domain of Fatigue and Fracture of Offshore and Ship Structures Carried Out by Prof. Stig Berge and Per Jahn Haagensen at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Marie Horn ◽  
Kenneth A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Active Member ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Emeritus Professor ◽  
Ship Structures ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Marine Technology ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
Historical Contribution

The motivation of this paper is to highlight the importance of the work carried out during the last decade by Prof. Haagensen and Prof. Berge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, with the aim to inspire and motivate young engineers to continue their important and valuable research within fatigue and fracture. This paper will focus on their historical contribution to the research within fatigue and fracture of offshore and ship structures. Stig Berge is a professor of Marine Technology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU. He has spent his academic carrier focusing on fatigue of offshore and ship structures; he has published more than 70 papers and articles in well-known journals and conferences since 80’s. Per Jahn Haagensen is currently an Emeritus professor at Department of Mechanical Engineering and Logistic Faculty of Technology. He has spent his whole research carrier within fatigue and fracture related topics mainly for the offshore industry. He is especially known for the different fatigue improvement methods which have been developed since the 90’s. He has until recently been an active member of the International Institute of Welding (IIW). This article aims to present their main findings and conclusions from their long academic carrier. While the authors have strived to convey in a single paper an overview of the careers and important contributions, the Professors themselves may well have chosen to place a different emphasis on their work.

China will lead global coalition on cyber-sovereignty

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Sovereign Territory

Subject China's efforts to promote its model of internet governance. Significance The announcement that as of March 10 foreign businesses will be barred from publishing online content in China is the latest result of Beijing's determination to police the national boundaries of what it sees as its sovereign territory in cyberspace. Impacts IT and related infrastructure will become part of China's regional cooperation efforts, including the SCO and 'One Belt, One Road'. Import substitution and domestic favouritism will make China an increasingly difficult market for foreign technology suppliers. China will try to consolidate a status quo through small steps, coalition-building and participation in international organisations.

scholarly journals Science Diplomacy as a tool of international politics: the power of ‘soft power’

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-629
Author(s):  
Amanda Domingues ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ribeiro Neto
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Science Diplomacy

Science and Technology (S&T) have historically been used by countries as tools of hard power, especially in military and economic contexts. Contrary to a strategy that uses S&T as a hard power tool, Science Diplomacy (SD) is an alternative form of using S&T in bilateral and multilateral interactions; one in which soft power predominates. Relying on examples of the foreign relations of the United States - one of the most developed countries in terms of S&T and SD - this article shows how SD has unified countries and has been employed as a strategy that assists diplomats in interpreting technical knowledge, supports scientists in negotiating multilateral projects, and, most importantly, promotes alliances between countries. The paper is divided in three main sections: in the first part, we present a brief summary of the intellectual history of the concept of SD, introducing and defining it and we discuss why countries invest in it. In the second part, we analyze to what extent S&T played a central role in re-establishing bilateral relations or in promoting more peaceful negotiations between the U.S. and Cuba, North Korea, Russia, and selected Muslim countries. In the third section, we offer our concluding remarks. Key-words: Science Diplomacy; International Cooperation; Science and Technology.     Recebido em: maio/2017 Aprovado em: janeiro/2018

Developing and Maintaining Transnational Research Collaborations

2019 ◽  
pp. 280-296
Author(s):  
Fazal Rizvi ◽  
Ranjit Gajendra Nadarajah
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Development And Management

An emphasis on research collaborations across national boundaries can now be found in policy statements of most leading higher education institutions (HEIs) around the world. These statements suggest that a globally distributive system of knowledge development and dissemination demands regularized, ongoing, and symmetrical transnational links. This chapter argues that while most national systems of higher education now advocate transnational research collaborations, their approaches to the development and management of these collaborations vary greatly. The rationales they provide for such collaborations are often tied to particular national interests, as nations seek to locate the role of higher education within their shifting geopolitical objectives. Not surprisingly, therefore, the challenges they face in establishing and coordinating programmes of research collaboration are linked not only to the major characteristics of their systems of higher education but more importantly also the broader objectives of their foreign policies. In order to show how this is so, this chapter provides a case study of Australia, exploring how and why the Australian system of higher education has, in recent decades, increasingly sought to develop research links with Asian universities; and what challenges its HEIs have faced in this endeavour.

How Does Offshore Outsourcing of Customer Services Affect Customer Satisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Sean Skaarup ◽  
Carolan Mclarney
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Customer Services ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
A Company ◽  
Industry Peers

As national boundaries and cultural lines continue to blend together, the success of a modern business enterprise has increasingly depended on a global network of stakeholders. To remain sustainable, multinational enterprises (MNEs) seek any competitive advantage that strengthens their brand, improves efficiency, increases profitability, or lowers costs. Considering all available options and committing to perpetual value creation is not just good business sense, it is fundamental to survival. Driving up shareholder value is the result of a culmination of business decisions to meet the expectations of one important stakeholder, the customer. Customers are consumers, and despite significant differences in needs, tastes, and preferences, common denominators are an appreciation for value and transaction benefits that exceed opportunity costs. How effectively a business meets or exceeds a customer's expectations will directly impact their overall satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is sensitive to a wide variety of factors, and how a company addresses them will ultimately determine their success, longevity, and positioning amongst industry peers.

The Beijing World Conference on Women, ICT Policy, and Gender

2008 ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
J. Ann Dumas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Global Network ◽  
World Conference ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Promote Gender Equality ◽  
The Media ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
And Gender

The 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, China, addressed gender equality issues in many areas of global society, including information, communication, and knowledge exchange and the associated technologies. The Beijing Declaration called for action to promote gender equality in human rights, economic autonomy, domestic responsibility sharing, participation in public life and decision making, access to health services and education, and the eradication of poverty and all forms of violence against women. The Beijing Platform for Action contained strategic objectives and actions for governments and others to implement to increase gender equality in 12 critical areas, including Section J, Women and the Media. Article 234 of the Beijing Platform Section J acknowledged the important need for gender equality in information and communication technology: advances in information technology have facilitated a global network of communications that transcends national boundaries and has an impact on public policy, private attitudes and behaviour, especially of children and young adults. Everywhere the potential exists for the media to make a far greater contribution to the advancement of women. (United Nations [UN], 1995, p. 133) Section J defined two strategic objectives that address issues of access to and participation in ICT and media development. J.1. Increase the participation and access of women to expression and decision making in and through the media and new technologies of communication. J.2. Promote a balanced and nonstereotyped portrayal of women in the media. (United Nations, 1995, pp. 133-136) Governments agreed to implement the Beijing Platform for Action and use gender-disaggregated data to report national progress on objectives during Beijing +5 United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) in 2000 and Beijing +10 in 2005. This article reviews progress reported on ICT-related Section J strategic initiatives and trends for ICT and gender between 1995 and 2005.

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