scholarly journals Short Analysis of the stakeholders’ benefit and satisfaction about Rural Land Share Cooperatives of the Southern Jiangsu Province

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
◽  
Zhu Xihua ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Scale Economy ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The agricultural land around Shanghai is famous for its huge population and intensive cultivation. With the expansion of the metropolis, a large number of agricultural people have entered the city to work, and rural land has been abandoned1,2. In 2009, Kunshan City implemented a land transfer system, and 99% of the cultivated land was packaged for large scale farmers, and initially realized large‐scale operation3 . However, the large‐scale business model has gradually experienced problems such as predatory management, ecological destruction, and no sense of social responsibility. Through the establishment of agricultural land share cooperatives, Changyun Village took the lead in realizing the collective management of agricultural land, taking shares in the land, giving priority to paying dividends to the land, and paying wages to the farmers working in the cooperative. The peasants' enthusiasm for entering the city has become an important buffer for the migrants to work in Shanghai and surrounding village.It has increased the employment rate. At the same time, it has supplied green agricultural products to the city, passed on agricultural technology, and activated local communities. This article intends to analyse the correlation between several village share cooperative models based on Changyun Village and the large family farm contracting model of more than ten villages, and the satisfaction of villagers, combined with property rights theory, scale economy theory, and accounting cooperatives. Cost‐benefit, evaluate the effect of “long cloud-style” collectivization on revitalizing the surrounding villages of metropolises and assess the satisfaction of governments at all levels. Through field interviews and questionnaire surveys, the correlation analysis of village cadres and villagers' satisfaction was conducted. The government is optimistic about the role of the "long cloud model" in grassroots management and improvement of people's livelihood. Even if public finances are required to invest a large amount of money, it is necessary to strengthen the medical and social security of the villagers. The government is also quite satisfied with the Changyun model. At present, the economic benefits of the stock cooperatives have steadily increased. Although the growth rate is not large, the villagers have a strong sense of well‐being, and the village's ecological environment has been improved. In the future, the cost of the village will be reduced after the large scale operation, and the overall economic benefits will be improved. The future research direction will be how to solve the specific problems that plague the cooperative's production and operation, such as low rice prices and lack of high value added finishing facilities to continue to activate the surrounding areas of the metropolis and improve the satisfaction of the government and villagers.

scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF REQUISITION AND TAXATION POLICIES IN 1917–1927 IN LETTERS “TO THE AUTHORITIES”

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Livshin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Ability And Willingness

The article discusses the communicative function of letters to authorities in the context of the population’s assessment of the efficiency of the requisition and taxation policies in the first decade of the Communist regime in power. Many letters during the Civil War represented complaints of confiscation and requisition. The peasants believed that the surplus-appraisal and the collection of an extraordinary revolutionary tax were carried out in violation А. Я. Лившин 150 of instructions and norms established by the Soviet state itself. Correspondents of the authorities noted that the surplus appropriation was carried out through the unlimited use of violence and coercion, leading to the destruction of trust between the government and the people, between the city and the village. The attitude of the population towards taxes in the 1920s was largely determined by the experience of the Civil War, when millions of citizens suffered from violent requisition. In the NEP years, when the regime has pursued better balanced economic and social policies, a large-scale rationalization of popular opinion regarding the principles of relationship between the government and society took place. This rationalization, as the letters to the authorities show, was especially evident in the peasant milieu. This occurred due to different circumstances, including the ability to farm on a market basis embedded in the principles of NEP. The middle-peasant majority of the village considered the policy of encouraging peasants' economic initiative to be effective, since such a policy could lead to an increase in the well-being of the whole society. Most people considered the policy of tax pressure on the peasantry which undermined the economic viability of farms in the NEP era, to be erroneous. The ability and willingness to trust the state determined a lot in the mentality and social behavior of people of the post-revolutionary era. Coercive, driven by class ideology rather than economic practicability, and, therefore, inefficient policies (including taxation policies), according to many authors of the letters, have been destructive to the atmosphere of trust and social balance in the country

scholarly journals Investigating and boosting walkability in Sulaimani’s mixed-use streets: Jamal Irfan street as a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariwan Jamal ◽  
Wanawsha Khasraw ◽  
Shaey Khabat ◽  
Rozhen K. Mohammed-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Transit Use ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The City

Walkable cities, neighborhoods, and streets promote good health. A growing number of research show compelling evidence about the positive impacts of walkable neighborhoods and streets on everything from real-estate values to health, mental well-being, crime rate, safety feeling, creativity, and even making cities more democratic. Walkability has health, environmental, and economic benefits. For example, several studies found that people in walkable neighborhoods have a higher amount of physical activity and were substantially less likely to be overweight or obese than those living in low-walkable neighborhoods. Walkable neighborhoods and streets incorporate features that promote regular walking, cycling and public transit use. While the city of Sulaimani in general suffers from lack of walkable neighborhoods and streets, due to many factors including incomplete streets, some of the city’s neighborhoods and streets have potential for becoming effective walkable neighborhoods and streets. The recent mixed use developments and re-developments in some of the areas and streets in the city have attracted a large number of people and increased the necessity of making those areas and streets more pedestrian-friendly and walkable. This research aims at investigating walkability characters in Sulaimani city’s recently developed mixed-use streets through closely examining a representing case study, Jamal Irfan street. The research then proposes strategies, guidelines, and urban design interventions that make those streets more pedestrian friendly according to urban design standards.

scholarly journals Economic Perspectives on the Impact of Covid Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
A Sangamithra ◽  
S Thilagavathy
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Vaccination and the impact on health on the world’s people is very difficult to exaggerate. The main aim is to treat people with mental health issues and substance use of disorder. Vaccination is crucial in terms of ensuring the overall health conditions and well–being. The development of vaccines is an expensive and lengthy process. Depreciation is high and takes multiple candidates and long years to produce a licensed vaccine. The access to vaccines that prevent life-threatening infectious diseases remains not equal to all the population. The benefits of vaccination derive from health and economic benefits and the health benefits have diminishing returns as a result of high-risk individuals been vaccinated first. Economic benefits depend both on the health benefits and on how reduced risk of infection and death translates into a leading general economic activity. Department of Government is required to perform a systematic economic analyses of vaccines and to justify their given pressure on both private and public finances on a global level; provoke in the year 2008 financial crash. Mostly, the government supports charities and non-governmental organizations, where people invest in these, with the hope of improving the health conditions.

Public Housing and Well-Being: Evaluation Frameworks to Influence Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-835
Author(s):  
Lara Rangiwhetu ◽  
Nevil Pierse ◽  
Elinor Chisholm ◽  
Philippa Howden-Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Change Models ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Background A robust evidence base is needed to develop sustainable cross-party solutions for public housing to promote well-being. The provision of public housing is politically contentious in New Zealand, as in many liberal democracies. Depending on the government, policies oscillate between encouraging sales of public housing stock and reducing investment and maintenance, and large-scale investment, provision, and regeneration of public housing. Aim We aimed to develop frameworks to evaluate the impact of public housing regeneration on tenant well-being at the apartment, complex, and community levels, and to inform future policies. Method Based on a systems approach and theory of change models, we developed a mixed methods quasi-experimental before-and-after outcomes evaluation frameworks, with control groups, for three public housing sites. This evaluation design had flexibility to accommodate real-world complexities, inherent in evaluating large-scale public health interventions, while maintaining scientific rigor to realize the full effects of interventions. Results Three evaluation frameworks for housing were developed. The evaluation at the apartment level confirmed proof of concept and viability of the framework and approach. This also showed that minor draught-stopping measures had a relatively big impact on indoor temperature and thermal comfort, which subsequently informed healthy housing standards. The complex and community-level evaluations are ongoing due to longer regeneration timeframes. Conclusion Public housing is one of central government’s larger social sector interventions, with Kāinga Ora – Homes and Communities the largest Crown entity. Evaluating public housing policies is important to develop an evidence base to inform best practice, rational, decision-making policy for the public as well as the private sector.

scholarly journals The Influence of Economic Growth on the Degree of Autonomy of the Regions and the Absorption of Labor and Social Welfare: Regencies and Cities of Maluku Province

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Nahu Daud
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
County Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

<p>This research aims (1) to analyze and test the influence of economic growth on the degree of autonomy the area in County Government and city of Maluku Province, (2) Analyze and test the influence of economic growth on the absorption of labor on County Government and city of Maluku province (3) Analyze and test the influence of economic growth on the welfare of society at the County Government and the city of Maluku province (4) Analyze and test the influence of degree of autonomous region of absorption of labor on County Government and city of Maluku province, (5) Analyze and test the influence of the degree of autonomy the area of social welfare in the Government District and the city of Maluku province (6) Analyze and test the influence of absorption of labor against the welfare of the community on County Government and City Maluku province. The approach used is the analysis of Path Analysis, intended to answer a relationship direct or indirect causal model has been developed on the basis of theoretical consideration of researchers and certain knowledge. In addition to the causal relationship is based on the data, also based on knowledge, the formulation of hypotheses and logical analysis, so that it can be called path analysis can be used to test a set of causal hypotheses as well as to interpret these relationships.</p><p>The results showed (1) economic growth positively and significantly influence the degree of autonomy of the region. These results lend support to the hypothesis of one stating that economic growth was a significant influence on the degree of autonomy of the region. (2) The influential economic growth positively and significantly to labor absorption. These results lend support to the hypothesis of two stating that the influential economic growth dramatically to labor absorption. (3) Economic growth positively and significantly influences the well-being of the community. These results provide support for the three hypotheses which state that the economic growth affects significantly to the well-being of society. (4) The degree of autonomy the positive and significant effect of absorption of labor. (5) The degree of autonomy to the region in a positive and significant effect on the welfare of society. (6) The positive impact of labor absorption and significantly to the well-being of society. (7) The results of the discussion to confirm that economic growth affectsconsiderably to the well-being of the community through the degree of autonomy of the regions and the absorption of labor. Significant influence occurs because the existence of a direct relationship with the role of the community.</p>

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Alternative Specialty Crops: The Global Picture

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1316-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Ji Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Specialty Crops

Modern intensive agriculture has led to biodiversity loss by restricting the number of crops, resulting in a limited range of nutrients available to the community. Alternative specialty crops can contribute to crop diversification in agricultural production systems and enhance human health and well-being by providing a diverse array of food crops. Rapid demographic changes in the U.S. population has created higher demands for and sales potential of fruits and vegetables, and has brought new market opportunities for farmers in the United States to grow alternative specialty crops. The introduction of alternative specialty crops has many inherited advantages including economic benefits to farmers through multiple facets: diversifying crop with value-added crops, improving resilience to climate variability, maintaining yields with less resources, and boosting crop resistance to pests and diseases. However, there are challenges associated with the introduction and establishment of new crops, which include lack of information on candidates, cultural practices, and marketing as well as policy and institutional barriers. Farmers may face risk from poor economic returns and their businesses are likely to fail if proper management and marketing information are not available. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges associated with introduction of alternative specialty crops, and discuss how to mitigate potential problems associated with the introduction and establishment of alternative specialty crops.

Urban Rail Development in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 2275 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Salzberg ◽  
Shomik Mehndiratta ◽  
Zhi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Metro Systems ◽  
The City

This paper provides an overview of the recent development of urban rail systems in Chinese cites and the challenges ahead. China is set to become the world leader in length of metro lines in operation in the near to medium term. In view of the large scale of this investment, a focus on the overall economic and financial viability of these systems is needed. On the basis of analytical work supporting a project investment in the city of Kunming and a study tour of urban rail systems in China, this paper highlights four areas believed to be crucial in meeting these objectives: integration of new metro systems with existing systems of public transport, a supportive overall urban transport policy, transit-oriented development, and long-term financial sustainability. The conclusion is that in all of these areas, China possesses tools that may enable the program to succeed if they are used effectively and in concert. Any issues appear to result from a lack of attention to these four areas and from a managerial focus on ensuring the completion of the construction program above all other concerns. The RMB 1 trillion investment in urban rail construction under way in China needs to be a catalyst for joint action on the issues identified in this paper (RMB 1 is approximately US$0.15). Otherwise, Chinese cities may be left with an investment that carries large long-term costs and does not deliver the crucial economic benefits expected.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF LANDLORDIZATION IN THE AREA OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Ivan ZUBAR
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Comparative Structure ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

The article deals with current trends in the global agro-food market, which determine the prospects for increasing domestic export expansion and significant competitive advantages in diversifying the product range in the direction of the creation of food products of final consumption, maximizing the resulting value added. The duality of the perspectives of augmentation of domestic export agricultural productivity at the expense of large agro companies and small forms of management is singled out. The emphasis is on the necessity of implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the domestic agricultural policy. In the projection of the requirements of this Concept, the need for a meaningful analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of large-scale land use, which in the theorized by the predicate "landlordization" is outlined. The author substantiates the theoretical and content content of this definition and expands the subject composition of land relations by the term "landlord". The historical genesis of these concepts and the global causal experience of the existence of the phenomenon of landlordization are analyzed. The legal composition of the landlords spectrum is identified with the domestic practice of forming large agroholding companies. The article describes the activities of domestic landlords and their export potential. The comparative structure of the production of key commodity positions of landlords and households is systematized, where it is determined that the latter provide the production of key food products, which provides a weight for ensuring food security. The dynamics of landlordization in Ukraine, and their subject structure and structure, are analyzed. The insufficient implementation of agrarian potential in relation to the leaders of the world agro-food market, represented by the highest agricultural land plots and the lowest level of GDP per capita and negative trade balance, was established.

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTION RIPPLE PHENOMENON AND THE RISE OF ‘GENERIC BUILDINGS’ IN YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Trias Mahendarto
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Unique Characteristic ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic Modernization ◽  
Urban Characteristics

Abstract: Starting from the past decade, Indonesia is growing rapidly in the construction of infrastructures that are being fully supported by the government in order to reach the goal of becoming one of the leading countries in the future. Such development created the construction ripple phenomenon that was instigated by the private sector to fill the construction voids left by the rapid development of infrastructure, and it pressurizes cities to grow or change in order to coup with the infrastructure advancements. This phenomenon has affected the cities in Indonesia, even those that are not considered as the planned centers of developments, such as Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta is experiencing the effects of the ripple in the form of the rising number of generic buildings that are spreading fast around the city. This will, in turn, dictate the future of Yogyakarta’s ever-evolving Genius Loci. This research will see how much the construction ripple phenomenon has affected the city of Yogyakarta by conducting surveys on the generic buildings that have been built or in the planning stage of construction. A thorough analysis will be then made, also by conducting literature studies, to conclude the ways and steps to try maintaining Yogyakarta’s unique characteristic as a city in the ever-growing pressure of economic modernization that is currently spreading throughout Indonesia. If these steps are being done correctly, then Yogyakarta can become one of the examples of how cities in Indonesia coup with the construction ripple phenomenon without can losing its unique urban characteristics. Keywords: construction ripple phenomenon, Yogyakarta, Generic buildings, Genius LociAbstrak: Semenjak decade terakhir, Indonesia sedang mengalami perkembangan signifikan di bidang pembangunan infrastuktur yang didukung penuh oleh Pemerintah agar dapat mengejar target untuk menjadi salah satu negara maju di masa depan. Perkembangan tersebut memunculkan fenomena ‘construction ripple’, yang didorong oleh sektor swasta untuk mengisi kekosongan pembangunan karena pemerintah hanya berkonsentrasi pada pembangunan infrastuktur, dan hal tersebut menekan kota-kota untuk berkembang atau berubah. Fenomena ini telah terjadi di berbagai kota di Indonesia, bahkan di kota yang tidak menjadi pusat perkembangan infrastuktur, seperti kota Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta sedang mengalami efek dari fenomena ini dalam bentuk munculnya bangunan generik yang tersebar luas di seluruh kota. Perkembangan ini akan mempengaruhi masa depan Genius Loci kota Yogyakarta, yang terus berevolusi. Penelitian ini melihat sejauh mana bangunan generik mempengaruhi kota Yogyakarta, melalui survey bangunan generik yang terbangun atau sedang dalam proses pembangunan. Analisis mendalam dilakukan, dengan disertai studi literatur, untuk melihat cara menjaga keunikan kota Yogyakarta terhadap tekanan pembangunan yang terus terjadi. Diharapkan kota Yogyakarta menjadi contoh kota-kota di Indonesia menerima efek fenomena ‘construction ripple’ tanpa kehilangan kekhasan.Kata kunci: construction ripple phenomenon, Yogyakarta, bangunan generik, Genius Loci

scholarly journals Smart Cities in India: branded or brain-dead?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Aggarwal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
The Government

The notion of ‘smart cities’ is increasingly visible in discourses on the future of cities but Change is coming to transportation, whether we are ready for it or not. But how sustainable and digital innovation can unlock better people health and well-being, enhance safety and security and provide seamless mobility experiences. It can be argued that smartening the mobility infrastructure enables the citizens to make informed decisions, and this is indeed true- if done well, but it has a big “if.” This research engages with the key drivers of change and provides affirmative aspirations for mobility in the not-so-distant future in order to facilitate conversations about change. However, the development of possibilities (scenarios) for the government policies and business innovation is dependent on the advanced technology and socio-economic values, which are embedded in the context and culture. The research paper aims to visualize through foresight by design, plausible alternatives of sustainable future for passenger transport in Delhi to stimulate sustainable innovation developments for transportation and analyse the present innovative influences for smart mobility in Delhi to accelerate the adoption. The first part of the paper analyses how do urban planners use the discourse of smart cities and how it has defined in India then later suggest future scenario for the future which will empower users, changing mobility models and transforming eco-system where intelligent connectivity would unite varied rage of emerging technologies to enable smarter, healthier and more resilient and economically vibrant urban life. This research considers smart mobility by outlining current challenges, suggesting technological, infrastructural and policy solutions and distilling explorations of the future into a series of ‘user journeys.’ It seeks to answer if ‘branding of technology’ can be used as a tool to create a new identity for mobility of Delhi or ‘upgrade’ the existing situation. How can the context of Delhi be decoded to describe the perceptions of the people?

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