scholarly journals Strategies on healthy urban planning and construction for challenges of rapid urbanization in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
Healthy City ◽  
Urbanization In China

In the past 40 years, China has experienced the largest and fastest urbanization development in the world. The infrastructure, urban environment and medical services of cities have been improved significantly. The health impacts are manifested in the decrease of the incidence of infectious diseases and the significant increase of the life span of residents. However, the development of urbanization in China has also created many problems, including the increasing pollution of urban environment such as air, water and soil, the disorderly spread of urban construction land, the fragmentation of natural ecological environment, dense population, traffic congestion and so on. With the process of urbanization and motorization, the lifestyle of urban population has changed, and the disease spectrum and the sequence of death causes have changed. Chronic noncommunicable diseases have replaced acute infectious diseases and become the primary threat to urban public health. According to the data published by the famous medical journal The LANCET on China's health care, the economic losses caused by five major non-communicable diseases (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) will reach US$23 trillion between 2012 and 2030, more than twice the total GDP of China in 2015 (US$11.7 trillion). Therefore, China proposes to implement the strategy of "Healthy China" and develop the policy of "integrating health into ten thousand strategies". Integrate health into the whole process of urban and rural planning, construction and governance to form a healthy, equitable and accessible production and living environment. China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. The main strategies from national system design to local planning are as follows. First of all, the top-level design of the country. There are two main points: one point, the formulation of the Healthy China 2030 Plan determines the first batch of 38 pilot healthy cities and practices the strategy of healthy city planning; the other point, formulate and implement the national health city policy and issue the National Healthy City. The evaluation index system evaluates the development of local work from five aspects: environment, society, service, crowd and culture, finds out the weak links in the work in time, and constantly improves the quality of healthy city construction. Secondly, the reform of territorial spatial planning. In order to adapt to the rapid development of urbanization, China urban plan promote the reform of spatial planning system, change the layout of spatial planning into the fine management of space, and promote the sustainable development of cities. To delimit the boundary line of urban development and the red line of urban ecological protection and limit the disorderly spread of urban development as the requirements of space control. The bottom line of urban environmental quality and resource utilization are studied as capacity control and environmental access requirements. The grid management of urban built environment and natural environment is carried out, and the hierarchical and classified management unit is determined. Thirdly, the practice of special planning for local health and medical distribution facilities. In order to embody the equity of health services, including health equity, equity of health services utilization and equity of health resources distribution. For the elderly population, vulnerable groups and patients with chronic diseases, the layout of community health care facilities and intelligent medical treatment are combined to facilitate the "last kilometer" service of health care. Finally, urban repair and ecological restoration design are carried out. From the perspective of people-oriented, on the basis of studying the comfortable construction of urban physical environment, human behavior and the characteristics of human needs, to tackle "urban diseases" and make up for "urban shortboard". China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. Committed to the realization of a constantly developing natural and social environment, and can continue to expand social resources, so that people can enjoy life and give full play to their potential to support each other in the city.

scholarly journals Recovery of urban development stages of town Rashkiv

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Illia Lytvynchuk ◽  
Mykola Bevz ◽  
Bogusław Szmygin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Country Houses

In this article, the authors considered the development of Rashkiv (Raszków in Polish and Raşcov in Rumunian), the fortified settlement which is situated on the Middle part of the Lower Dnister Region. An attempt of reconstruction of the most important stages of its town-planning biography of the 15th-18th centuries was made. The authors based their research on newly identified sources. The systematization of the historical chronology of the most important events which have influenced the formation of the defensive structures and the urban environment of Rashkiv has been carried out. In the course of the 15th-18th centuries, four major urban planning periods were identified: the Lithuanian – fort Karaul in the form of a defensive roundel type castle, further – Zamoyski’s town fortress with a fortified downtown, then – the fortifying of the suburbs and, finally, – trade and handicraft town without any defense function. At each stage, an attempt was made to hypothetically localize separate elements of the city – fortifications, historical roads, street planning system, civil and sacral dominant elements. The authors all available source data – archival sources, historical and contemporary cartography, toponymics, field surveys, surveys, and iconographic materials for analysis. Remains of the 1st period represent today ruins of earth shafts under the fortress. This hillfort is monument of archeological heritage and it is protected by state. Ukrainian historian M. Hrushevskyi connects appearance of the fort here with necessity todefend the river crossing and the trading way. From the 2nd period we have today just two preserved bastions of the early of 17th century and some relicts of urban planning system, for example, part of the historical market square. The article also substantiates the value and necessity of preserving the historical plan of Rashkiv which was, in particular, developed under the influence of the development of defense strategies of its time. 3rd period was graphically hypothetically reconstructed in many ways. To a greater extent it is because we have not enough materials to create a definite model of the urban development of this period. Research is based on historical topographic works of 17th and 18th centuries and onlysince the early 19th century we have more detailed historical plans to make more far reaching hypotheses. Using historical photos of early 20th century, authors succeeded in discovering historically determined rhythm of urban environment in Rashkiv. Unfortunately, it is disappearing now due the physical ruining of historical substance of old town and reconstruction according present-day inhabitants’ ideas about country houses or summer cottages. The present results are significant in elaborating historical and reference architectural plan of the settlement, registration of the newly discovered objects of cultural heritage as monuments of architecture and urban planning, archeology, history and nature. New master plan of Rashkiv urban development should be based on our complex architectural and urban planning research to preserve cultural legacy of Rashkiv and to use it for modern economical and tourist revival.

scholarly journals Development Strategies for Sustainable Urbanization in Turkey: KENTGES Action Plan (2010-2023) Case

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmut Güler ◽  
Abdulmenaf Turan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization

One of the main characteristics of Turkey which is one of the countries that is becoming urbanized fast is that the majority of population chooses metropolises and accumulates in metropolises rather than medium sized cities. In this sense, there are specific problems such as basic urban services especially in metropolises. Therefore, there is an increasing need for enhancing spatial life quality of urban settlements in turkey, strengthen economic and social structure, restructuring spatial planning system in Turkey. It was projected to prepare “Urban Development Strategy and Action Plan” for this aim. In this sense, “Raising Life Standards of Cities and Enabling Sustainable Development” was determined as the primary policy. Moreover, “Integrated Urban Development Strategy and Action Plan for Sustainable Urban Development” was prepared within scope of Program for Alignment with the EU Acquis. “ Integrated Urban Development Strategy and Action Plan 2010-2023”, with its short name Urban Development Strategy (KENTGES), comprises of settlement and urbanization; space, theme and extents of settlement and spatial planning within the principle of sustainability, make relations between spatial sectors within an integrated approach, enable adaptation with national basic policies. KENTGES is a national document which puts forward principles, strategies and actions for solution of structural problems of urbanization and providing healthy, balanced and habitable urban development; determines their practical principles and conveys them to an action program. In this paper, basic principles and practicability of the mentioned action plan which was prepared in order to enable sustainable urbanization in Turkey will be discussed.

Determining the Training Needs of Planners

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Health Care Planning ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Different Parts

Since the NHS Planning System was formally introduced in 1976 both it and the NHS itself have undergone a succession of changes and reorganisations. To facilitate the introduction of the Planning System an integrated programme in training for planning was established by the DHSS. Over the years since then, training in planning has developed in a less integrated manner and by the late 1980s it was felt that the situation should be reviewed to meet the challenges of the forthcoming round of strategic planning. Accordingly, the Health Services Management Centre was commissioned to carry out a study into the training needs of planners. Because of the restricted timescale a workshop approach was adopted and leading planners and managers from all tiers and all professions from different parts of England and Wales were invited to participate. The project had two main foci which are discussed here. Firstly, current and future changes in the NHS and its environment which might or will impact on health care planning and, secondly, the identification of the groups which require training in planning, the skills and competencies they require and possible methods of acquisition.

scholarly journals A Spatial Distribution Equilibrium Evaluation of Health Service Resources at Community Grid Scale in Yichang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Chen ◽  
Yuqi Bai ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Jingyuan Qiu ◽  
Yichun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
Healthy City ◽  
Planning And Management

Whether the supplies of health services and related facilities meet the demand is a critical issue when developing healthy cities. The importance of health services and related facilities in public health promotion has been adequately proved. However, since the community population and resource data are usually available at the scale of an administrative region; it is very difficult to perform further fine-scaled spatial distribution equilibrium evaluation studies. Such kinds of activities are highly expected for precise urban planning and management. Yichang is located in Hubei province, the central part of China, along the Yangzi River. It is leading both of China’s smart cities demonstration project and China’s healthy cities pilot project. Yichang has defined 1271 community grids for urban management and service, where each grid consists of 200 households generally with its population distribution data routinely updated. The research set the 15-min walking distances of the residents as impedance factors, and the numbers and the types of health service resources as attractiveness factors for accessibility evaluation. The resource ratio, richness and per capita number of various health service resources that can be reached within 15 min from the community grid building is used as spatial distribution equilibrium evaluation indicators. The entropy weight method is used to assign the indicator weight value. The obtained fine-scale evaluation results were analyzed. In this way, a community grid-scale spatial distribution equilibrium evaluation of health service resources in Yichang was performed. The proposed research could be of value for rapid and precise evaluation of spatial distribution equilibrium evaluation of a variety of healthy city resources, to support healthy city planning and management.

scholarly journals Sustainable Urban Development: Building Healthy Cities in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Darmajanti ◽  
◽  
Daniel Mambo Tampi ◽  
Irene Sondang Fitrinita ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Economics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
Healthy City

The urban process or commonly called urbanization is a phenomenon that is occurring in several regions in Indonesia. In 2045, the projection results show 61.7% of Indonesia's population will live in urban areas. In the process, cities in Indonesia are facing several challenges related to Urban Infrastructure, decent and affordable housing, clean environment, local economic, slum, and urban poor (Social welfare). These indicators can have a positive impact on increasing the city index with healthy city categories, but also can have a negative impact with the increasing gap between the poor and the rich. The purposes of this study are to find out which cities in Indonesia fall into the category of healthy cities and to find out what factors and actors play a role in building healthy cities in Indonesia. The analytical method in this study is log frame analysis. The result is building healthy cities is closely related to the availability of aspects of life in urban areas: health services, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects. There are 3 cities in Indonesia: Palembang, Solo and Denpasar City. Building a healthy city is also an effort in improving health status, health facilities, cleanliness, garbage services, food availability, clean water, security, safety, park facilities, public transportation, art and culture facilities, housing, urban economics, religious facilities, and urban planning quality. Healthy cities in Indonesia will be achieved if efforts to improve not only physical health but also mental, social, economic and spiritual health are achieved. Finally, building a healthy city in Indonesia is an effort to contribute to sustainable urban development.

Health Cadres Commitmentin Child Health Care in Moslem Society of Banyumas District

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Umi Solikhah ◽  
Hari Kusnanto ◽  
Fitri Haryanti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Child Health Care ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Social Esteem ◽  
The Government

Community empowerment with regard to maternal and child health services at the community level carried out by cadre.Cadre is health volunteers, selected by the community.404 number of active cadres in primary health care of South Purwokerto entirely female, although it may be a cadre of men. Active cadre toddler actively providing services every month for child before 5 years age. Interest to know the various reasons committed cadres in performing their duties. The method used is qualitative study,to describe a variety of reasons commitment to perform cadre duties in child health care. Retrieving data using interview techniques through the focus group discussion. Data from 30 cadres.Results of interviews taken until the data saturation, as a reason believed by cadres in the commitment to carry out tasks of serving the Muslim community. Characteristic respondent are mean of age 38 years (the youngest age of 25 years and the oldest 55 years old), a 100% Islamic religion, level of education majority of senior high school(at least primary school). Educational level health cadres in Banyumas has met the minimum requirements by the WHO.Results of the analysis showed thatcommitment includes a cadre of dedicated, caring community, a desire to learn, social esteem, individual satisfaction, togetherness, organization, and spirituality. The spirit of cadre to the community need the attention of the government for development and prosperity in accordance with their duties.Spiritual reasons become one of the motivations in providing health services to the community, albeit to a spirit of dedication and a great desire to learn. Cadres continue to provide services, even to families with different spiritual.

COVID 19 and Special Care Dentistry: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1473-1476
Author(s):  
Ashwika Datey ◽  
Soumya Singhai ◽  
Gargi Nimbulkar ◽  
Kumar Gaurav Chhabra ◽  
Amit Reche
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Special Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Care Needs

The COVID 19 outbreak has been declared a pandemic by the world health organisation. The healthcare sector was overburdened and overstretched with the number of patient increasing and requiring health services. The worst-hit population always are the people with special needs, whether it is children, pregnant females or the geriatric population. The need for the emergency kind of health services was so inflated that the other special population which required them equally as those patients with the COVID 19 suffered a lot. Dentistry was not an exception, and even that is also one of the important components of the health care delivery system and people requiring oral health care needs were also more. Those undergoing dental treatments would not have completed the treatment, and this would have resulted in various complications. In this situation, some dental emergency guidelines have been released by Centres for Disease Control (CDC) for the urgent dental care those requiring special care dentistry during the COVID 19 pandemic. Children with special care needs were considered more vulnerable to oral diseases; hence priority should have been given to them for dental treatments moreover in the future also more aggressive preventive measures should be taken in order to maintain oral hygiene and prevent many oral diseases. Guardians/caregivers should be made aware and motivated to maintain the oral health of children with special health care needs. This review mainly focuses on the prevention and management of oral diseases in children's with special care needs.

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