scholarly journals INDUCED SEED TREATMENT WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2) PROMOTES PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL CHANGES AND SALT-TOLERANCE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
M Panhwer ◽  
A. M. Jakhar ◽  
N. Soomro ◽  
S. Panhwar ◽  
A. R. Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Oxidizing Effects ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of exogenously applied six hydrogen peroxide H2O2 concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µM) as seed primer on two wheat varieties (Khirman and Inqalab) under salt and non-salt water levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl). The oxidizing effects were measured and estimated using the wheat index of different salt and non-salt water levels, as well as H2O2 soaking seed at varying fixations and concentrations. The H2O2 as a seed primer impacted on growth, yield and physiological and biochemical aspects such as moisture content, sodium potassium substance and sodium potassium content under H2O2 and NaCl levels. The results revealed that the exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide was effective in increasing tolerance of wheat under salt stress. The Khirman and Inqalab varieties could be established and cultivated under saline conditions. 60?M treatment of H2O2 is seen with the strongest impacts. Progress has contributed to enhance physiological and biochemical features of stress outflow, which promote growth.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Response of Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) to Ambient O3 and the Antiozonant Chemical Ethylenediurea (EDU) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila A. Baqasi ◽  
Huda A. Qari ◽  
Ibrahim A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

This study was to conducted to investigate the use of ethylenediurea (EDU) as a possible tool to evaluate O3 effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants under field conditions in Jeddah. Wheat plants were expsoed to ambient O3 (AA) and the antiozonant chemical ethylenediurea (EDU) in closed fumigation chambers for the full growing season. Growth, yield and physiology were determined in response to O3 and/or EDU. EDU-treated plants had higher photosynthetic rates (24%) and stomatal conductance (25%), which were reflected in higher growth and yield in terms of number of grains. The present study revealed that EDU could be used as a promising tool to mitigate damaging effects of O3 on under field conditions. EDU protected wheat plants leading to increases in photosynthetic rates, growth and yield.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid (Asa) improves Salinity Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) by Modulating Growth and Physiological Attributes.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hasnain Ishaq ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Mehwish Mehwish ◽  
Muhammad Bedar Bekhat Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Sodium Chloride Stress ◽  
Physiological Attributes

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple foods. High concentration of sodium chloride severely affects plants in general and wheat in specific. In this study the ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid (AsA) against sodium chloride stress were investigated in two commercial wheat cultivars (Galaxy 2013 and Akbar 2019). Experiments were conducted in three replicates. Two levels of salt (0, 150 mM) along with exogenous application of ascorbic acid (0, 30 mM, 60 mM) were applied at three leaves seedling stage. At the establishment of treatments, data regarding physiological, biochemical and yield attributes were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. The application of AsA significantly (p≤0.05) improved growth, yield and key physiological attributes in tested wheat varieties under salinity stress. Overall wheat genotype Akbar 2019 showed better growth under salt stress. It is concluded from this study that AsA may be used to mitigate salinity effects in wheat.

Characterization of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Deep Shikha ◽  
Chandani Latwal ◽  
Elangbam Premabati Devi ◽  
Anupama Singh ◽  
Pawan K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Genetic resources are of paramount importance for developing improved crop varieties, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Spot blotch (SB) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world, especially in the eastern parts of South Asia. For the management of this disease, the most effective measure is the development of resistant cultivars. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to confirm SB resistance in 200 germplasm accessions based on phenotypic observations and molecular characterization. These elite breeding lines obtained from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Mexico, are developed deploying multiple parentages. These lines were screened for SB resistance in the field under artificially created epiphytotic conditions during 2014–15 and 2015–16 along with two susceptible checks (CIANO T79 and Sonalika) and two resistant checks (Chirya 3 and Francolin). Eighty-two out of 200 germplasm accessions were found resistant to SB and resistance in these lines was confirmed with a specific SSR marker Xgwm148. Three accessions, VORONA/CNO79, KAUZ*3//DOVE/BUC and JUP/BJY//URES/3/HD2206/HORK//BUC/BUL were observed possessing better resistance than the well-known SB-resistant genotype Chirya3. These newly identified resistant lines could be used by wheat breeders for developing SB-resistant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals EMS Derived Wheat Mutant BIG8-1 (Triticum aestivum L.)—A New Drought Tolerant Mutant Wheat Line

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5314
Author(s):  
Marlon-Schylor L. le Roux ◽  
Nicolas Francois V. Burger ◽  
Maré Vlok ◽  
Karl J. Kunert ◽  
Christopher A. Cullis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Drought response in wheat is considered a highly complex process, since it is a multigenic trait; nevertheless, breeding programs are continuously searching for new wheat varieties with characteristics for drought tolerance. In a previous study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a mutant known as RYNO3936 that could survive 14 days without water. In this study, we reveal another mutant known as BIG8-1 that can endure severe water deficit stress (21 days without water) with superior drought response characteristics. Phenotypically, the mutant plants had broader leaves, including a densely packed fibrous root architecture that was not visible in the WT parent plants. During mild (day 7) drought stress, the mutant could maintain its relative water content, chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and stomatal conductance, with no phenotypic symptoms such as wilting or senescence despite a decrease in soil moisture content. It was only during moderate (day 14) and severe (day 21) water deficit stress that a decline in those variables was evident. Furthermore, the mutant plants also displayed a unique preservation of metabolic activity, which was confirmed by assessing the accumulation of free amino acids and increase of antioxidative enzymes (peroxidases and glutathione S-transferase). Proteome reshuffling was also observed, allowing slow degradation of essential proteins such as RuBisCO during water deficit stress. The LC-MS/MS data revealed a high abundance of proteins involved in energy and photosynthesis under well-watered conditions, particularly Serpin-Z2A and Z2B, SGT1 and Calnexin-like protein. However, after 21 days of water stress, the mutants expressed ABC transporter permeases and xylanase inhibitor protein, which are involved in the transport of amino acids and protecting cells, respectively. This study characterizes a new mutant BIG8-1 with drought-tolerant characteristics suited for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Mercury-Stressed Trigonella foenum-gracum L. to Silver Nanoparticles and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidiumtans Applications

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Ahlam Khalofah ◽  
Mona Kilany ◽  
Hussein Migdadi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Mercury Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Heavy metals are primarily generated and deposited in the environment, causing phytotoxicity. This work evaluated fenugreek plants’ morpho-physiological and biochemical responses under mercury stress conditions toward Ag nanoparticles and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidiumtans applications. The fabrication of Ag nanoparticles by Thymus vulgaris was monitored and described by UV/Vis analysis, FTIR, and SEM. The effect of mercury on vegetative growth was determined by measuring the root and shoots length, the number and area of leaves, the relative water content, and the weight of the green and dried plants; appraisal of photosynthetic pigments, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were also performed. In addition, the manipulation of Ag nanoparticles, S. ginsenosidiumtans, and their combination were tested for mercury stress. Here, Ag nanoparticles were formed at 420 nm with a uniform cuboid form and size of 85 nm. Interestingly, the gradual suppression of vegetal growth and photosynthetic pigments by mercury, Ag nanoparticles, and S. ginsenosidiumtans were detected; however, carotenoids and anthocyanins were significantly increased. In addition, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were significantly increased because mercury and S. ginsenosidiumtans enhance this increase. Ag nanoparticles achieve higher levels by the combination. Thus, S. ginsenosidiumtans and Ag nanoparticles could have the plausible ability to relieve and combat mercury’s dangerous effects in fenugreek.

scholarly journals Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽  
Ravikumar Hosamani ◽  
Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽  
S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽  
Uday G. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

scholarly journals Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 641-652
Author(s):  
Sławomir Franaszek ◽  
Bolesław Salmanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Capillary Zone

Abstract The main purpose of this research was the identification and characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition in common wheat and the determination of the effect of these proteins on the rheological properties of dough. The use of capillary zone electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has made it possible to identify four alleles in the Glu-A3 and Glu-D3 loci and seven alleles in the Glu-B3 locus, encoding LMW-GSs in 70 varieties and breeding lines of wheat tested. To determine the technological quality of dough, analyses were performed at the microscale using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. Wheat varieties containing the Glu-3 loci scheme (Glu-A3b, Glu-A3f at the Glu-A3 locus; Glu-B3a, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3d, Glu-B3h at the Glu-B3 locus; Glu-D3a, Glu-D3c at the Glu-D3 locus) determined the most beneficial quality parameters.

Evaluation of leaf physiological and biochemical traits during senescence of the wheat core collection in the southwest of China

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Shu ◽  
Pei G Luo ◽  
Huai Y Zhang ◽  
Ben J Yan ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Chinese Wheat ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Agronomical, physiological, and biochemical analysis of the Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) core collection revealed abundant variation in the indices examined, both within and between ecotype regions. The genotypes from the Yellow-Huai Rivers (YH) region, the Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MY) region and the Southwest China (SWC) region showed good adaptation as measured by heading date, malondialdehyde content (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and would have good potential for wheat improvement in SWC. Key words: Adaptability, core collection, diversity, leaf traits, southwest China, wheat

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