scholarly journals IMPACT OF GREEN REVOLUTION POLICY ON RURAL POVERTY IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT SHAHEED BENAZIRABAD SINDH

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. A. Joyo ◽  
G. A. Jariko ◽  
Z. H. Channa
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Monthly Expenditure ◽  
Land Owners

This paper determines the relationship between green revolution policy and rural poverty in Pakistan and also to find the poverty status in the study area. The data collection was based on primary and secondary sources of information. The primary data was collected from 405 respondents living in the district Shaheed Benazirabad, through field survey where as secondary data was collected from various published articles. The data was analyzed with the help of Statistical Package developed for Social Sciences (SPSS-20). The key respondents were divided into three categories of farmers i.e. 325 respondents were small size land owner farmers, 42 respondents were medium size land owners and 38 were large size land owners. These all farmers had total 4044 acres. This study focused on wheat and cotton crops cultivated by all farmers in the district. The secondary data covers per hectare yield of food and cash crops grown in the district that increased the income of farmers and reduced poverty. The average family size included in the study was six members. The poverty line was measured by the method Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) introduced by the Planning Commission of Pakistan; that is Rs.3030/- monthly expenditure of each family member. The results obtained from the study indicated that the average monthly expenditure of small farmers was Rs.18,989/- and their income was Rs.17,439/- (Rs.17,439 - Rs.18,989 -1550). The number of small farmers was 325, who were below the poverty line in winter season (wheat crop) only; the winter season is the second crop sowing season in Pakistan.

A Case Study of Rural Development Programmes In India

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq Ahmad Ganiee
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Productive Assets ◽  
Employment Guarantee

The Rural development generally refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic welfare of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is considered as a “Silver Bullet” for eradicating rural poverty and unemployment, by way of generating demand for productive labour force in villages. It provides an alternative source of livelihood which will have an impact on reducing migration, restricting child labour, alleviating poverty, and making villages self-sustaining through productive assets creation such as road construction, cleaning up of water tanks, soil and water conservation work, etc. For which it has been considered as the largest anti-poverty programme in India. In this paper, based on the secondary data, an attempt has been made to comprehensively understand the development effort to rebuild the rural life and livelihood on the basis of various secondary data. 

Structural Transformation of Punjab Agriculture and its Environmental Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 533-546
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Economic Survey

As per Economic Survey of Punjab, (2019-20), Punjab alone contributed more than 1/4 and 1/3 of the central pool of rice and th rd wheat respectively in 2018-19 and accordingly named as bread-basket of India. However, such a huge contribution was due to the structural transformation of agriculture in Punjab under the Green Revolution. Such transformation leads to intensive use of natural resources with mono-culture of wheat-paddy till today, which put a big question mark on the sustainability issue of agriculture in Punjab. The present study was exclusively based on secondary data, covering the period of 1965-66 to 2018-2019, almost 55 years. Hirschman Herfindhal index and Simpson Diversity index were used to determine the extent of concentration and diversification in the cropping pattern of Punjab agriculture. The results highlight the facts that level of diversification was declining and the level of concentration was increasing. Moreover, Compound Growth Rate (CGR) of yield was either stagnating or declining over the years. Not only this, based on the index of agriculture production, the trend values were negative since the 21 century. Accordingly, st intensive agricultural practices should be stopped, and diversification should get priority in such a way that food security is not jeopardized.

Small Farmers and the Green Revolution in Kenya

1977 ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Jones ◽  
John Gerhart
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Small Farmers

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH MICRO CREDIT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
T. Indumathi ◽  
G. Savaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Credit

The World Bank's Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project supports the self helf groups of the women members. It promotes women's social, economic, legal and political empowerment to reduce poverty among the poor and the poorest of the poor. The important object of this article is to examine the impact of micronance on the socio economic empowerment of the rural women supported by the national reputed NGO- Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS). 184 women members of the SHGs promoted by Rasthriya Seva Samathi (RASS) an NGO which located in Tirupati town. 184 samples are selected randomly from 15 SHGs scattered throughout the Tirupati rural mandal (Taluk) from the area of the study have been considered to conduct the present research study. The study reveals that 87.71 percent of the sample women were below the poverty line before joining the SHGs. As a result of SHG, about 40 percent of the sample women crossed the poverty line. The highest intensive value indicates that more women have participated in social agitations for the welfare of the children and the society. The second highest intensity reveals that considerable numbers of women of SHGs have participated in the government sponsored schemes. The 1st point secured 3rd rank with total intensity value of 605 which status that the micro credit has resulted in increased social status and empowerment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Integrated Management for Salt Tolerant Forage Production on Small Farmers Poverty Egypt Case Study (Sahl El-Tina)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Sherine Fathy Mansour ◽  
Dalia Elsaid Abozaid
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Farming Household ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of New Integrated Management Package (IMP) adoption on income and poverty among fodder farming household in Sahl El-Tina. The IMP such as Rate, time, and methods of nitrogen fertilization and other fertilization, Leaching requirements for some crops, Intercropping system, Use of suitable crop genotype/variety, Use of modern irrigation systems or modified systems to save water, date, rate and method of planting. The study aims mainly to improve the lives of small farmers through the level of dissemination and application of cultivation techniques forage crops tolerant to salinity through develop and disseminate technologies packages of forage production. And reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household. It used instrumental variables (IV)-based estimator to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of adoption of IMP on income and poverty reduction, using cross-sectional data of 200 farmers from Shal El-Tina. The findings reveal a robust positive and significant impact of IMP adoption on farm household income and welfare measured by per capita expenditure and poverty reduction. Specifically, the empirical results suggest that adoption of IMP raises household per capita expenditure and income by an average of 529.27$ and 1371$ in Shal El-Tina per cropping season respectively, thereby reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household, although complementary measures are also needed. The incidence of poverty was higher among non-IMP adopters (55.2%) than IMP adopters (49.5%). In addition, both the depth and severity of poverty were also higher (20.85% and 15.42%) among non-adopters than the adopters (18.48% and 9.88%). All three poverty measures indicate that poverty was more prevalent and severe among non-adopters compared to adopters.

scholarly journals Pilgrimage Tourism: A Study on Palani Temple, Tamil Nadu

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
C Aruljothi ◽  
S Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
June July ◽  
Pilgrimage Tourism

India is a large country with great traditions, culture, and civilization. India has 4000 years of fertile civilized life with planned cities, monumental temples, mosques and churches,  palaces,  sculptures,  paintings  and  various artistic creations. These scenic beauties have made India one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world. The Tourism potential of any country mainly depends on its climate, scenery, historical monuments, arts, tradition, festivals  and  the  society.  If  any  place  or  area  or  spot possesses all these characters and potentials, we may call it  as  a  tourist  centre  or  pilgrim  centre.  Tamil  Nadu,  a southern State of India, is a land of charm with ancient traditions;  the  picturesque  land  of  Tamil  Nadu  has towering temples  with  magnificent  architecture  and sculptures,  art  galleries  and  heterogeneous  natural beauty, existing on the hills and mountains. Tamil Nadu is flooded with different cultural, spiritual and religious centres  like  Madurai,  Rameswaram,  Kanyakumari, Tanjavur,  Kumbakonam,  Trichy,  Kancheepuram, Chidambaram,  Tiruvannamalai  and  Palani.  Religious institutions like temples in Tamil Nadu have been playing a  multifaceted  role in  religious,  social,  economic  and cultural life of the Tamil community. Moreover, temples are  considered  as producers,  land  owners,  trustees,employers,  pilgrim  centres  and  institutions.    There  are studies  conducted  in  cultural  and  spiritual tourism centres, which focus on heritage, culture and the historical aspects.  But  studies  that  focus  on  economic  aspects  of such  centres  are  scanty.  With  this  background,  the authors have made an attempt to study the memories and reminiscence  of  150  Pilgrimage  tourists,  who  visited Palani Temple; one of the Six abodes  of Lord Muruga located in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, with an objective  of  examining  the  social and  economic characteristics  of the pilgrimage  tourists;  and  identify their major problems and suggest ways and means for promoting  pilgrimage  tourism  in  Palani.  The  Primary data has been collected through interview schedules. The interview  schedule  was  pre-tested,  modified and  well- structured, and was used for obtaining information and data from the cultural-spiritual tourists, who are visiting the Palani temple. Secondary data in connection with the Palani temple were also gathered from the office of the Commissioner, Palani temple. Further, the authors have collected  data  and  information  from  150  tourists  who visited  the  Palani  temple  during  June-July  2011.  The tourists  were purposively selected in different spots in and  around the Palani  temple.  For  the  purpose  of analyzing the data, simple tools like ratio, percentage and average were used

scholarly journals Village Level Analysis of Credit and Livelihood Enhancement of Microfinance in Andhra Pradesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Jaya Priyadarshini Yarikipati ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Pinamala
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Micro finance as an institution are seen to have characteristics that help to solve the problems of moral hazard and adverse selection, which are the existing problems of rural credit institutions which other institutions failed to do. Group lending, peer monitoring and joint liability systems solve the adverse selection and moral hazard issues associated with rural credit markets. This study also focused in finding out the impact of micro finance programme on poverty, money lenders, women empowerment and living standards of the rural poor based on the primary and secondary data collected from Kamavarapukota mandal in Andhra Pradesh in India. Using primary data collected from the filled survey through the constructive schedules and personal interview to estimates the linkages between microfinance and its impacts on rural credit facilities, dependency ratio of money lenders for their credit needs, reduction of rural poverty, and empowerment of women in socio-economic activities.  The conclusion of this study, clearly states that the introducing microfinance inducing the overall improvements of their credit facilities as well as augmentations of their livelihood facilities in different sections of the society.  Further positive effects of this programme is that to  reinforcements of vulnerable groups or targeted population Particularly, SCs, STS, OBCs and other weaker section of the society directly to empower and to participate  in social, economic,  and political activities

Inter-District Variations in Agricultural Production and Productivity of Jammu Division of Jammu & Kashmir

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Avishake Raina ◽  
Vaishali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
District Level ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Variation Technique ◽  
Union Territory

Agriculture and its allied activities are the main sources of livelihood in India. Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), a union territory of India is also an agrarian state. More than 70 percent of its population is directly engaged in this sector. Geographically, J&K lies in the Himalayan region and has a huge variation in agro-climate diversity. The climate here varies from sub-tropical in the Jammu division to temperate in the Kashmir division. These climatic variations make it suitable for performing varied cultivation. The productivity of all the major crops in the region has increased manifold since the green revolution but now it is more or less stagnating. Hence, it is useful to examine the productivity of major crops in the union territory. The present paper is an attempt to highlight the overall agricultural production of major food grains crop of J&K from 2000-2001 to 2018-2019. The main focus of the paper is to analyzes the variations in agricultural production and productivity of major crops at the district level in the Jammu division for the period 2010-2011 to 2016-2017. The study is based on secondary data and is empirical in nature. The co-efficient of Variation technique has been used to find out the variations in production and productivity of agricultural crops of the jammu division of J&K. The results show that the overall agricultural production of food grains crops in the region increases over years.It also shows tremendous variations in the production and productivity of the different crops across districts. These variations indicate that there is a need to adopt some specific strategies at the district level for the sustainable development of agricultural growth in the state.

Do Social Safety Net Policies Reduce Poverty in Bangladesh? Understanding Perception of State Philosophy in Swimming across the Tide

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apu Deb ◽  
Masum Alam ◽  
Mohammad Jewel Islam ◽  
Muhammad Muklisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
The People ◽  
Content Analysis Method

Bangladesh is a populated country and most of the people live below the poverty line. After the independence of Bangladesh in 1980s safety net programmes has been adopted to reduce poverty from Bangladesh. At present 30 social safety net programmes are now operation in Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to find challenges ahead to implement Social Safety Net (SSN) programmes that initiated to reduce poverty at rural areas specially. The article is based on content analysis method and secondary data has been used to conduct the study. The study found that there is various weakness in social safety net policies. There is lack of integration and coordination among different safety net programmes and providers. Political stability is one of the great obstacle to fulfill the ultimate goal of safety net programmes. The extent, nature and mechanism of safety net programs change with the change of government. Besides this, corruption, shortage of budget etc hinder the implementation of safety net programmes. However, high political commitment, increase allocation, better targeting beneficiary, involvement of NGOs, civil society, monitoring and overseeing, reduction of corruption should be ensured.  

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