scholarly journals Výsledky revízneho výskumu mladopaleolitickej lokality v Moravanoch nad Váhom-Podkovici (Slovenská republika)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Bibiána Hromadová ◽  
Adrián Nemergut ◽  
Laurent Klaric ◽  
Martina Moravcová Ábelová ◽  
Martin Vlačiky
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
New Material ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Cultural Classification ◽  
Stone Industry

The Paleolithic site in Moravany nad Váhom-Podkovica is located in the north-eastern part of the Moravian settlement area and is among the most famous Upper Paleolithic sites in Slovakia. It is a key site of the Willendorf-Kostenkian and the so-called shouldered Point Horizon in Central Europe. Despite decades of research, interest during the previous century and the numerous existing – but lost or scattered – collections, the context of the finds and the characteristics of the cultural layers remain almost unknown. Modern research methods and the absence of the relevant chrono-cultural classification of the assemblages led to reopening the field research. This research aims to review and reassess the results of older excavations, to identify the exact location of the site and the conditions of the preservation of the layers. The goal is also to collect new material suitable for multidisciplinary analysis and dating as most of the old collections have been scattered. The new excavations conducted at the site in 2016 and 2019 brought interesting results, such as a preserved anthropogenic layer with an evident structure filled with datable material. This article presents the methodology and the results of this work with a focus on the first mineralogical evaluations, the analysis of faunal remains and an overview of the stone industry.

New Evidence of the Late Neopleistocene Peopling of the Lower Ob Valley

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
I. D. Zolnikov ◽  
A. A. Anoikin ◽  
E. A. Filatov ◽  
A. V. Vybornov ◽  
A. V. Vasiliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Available Information

This study focuses on the early human occupation of the arctic part of the West Siberian Plain and introduces the finds at the Paleolithic site Kushevat (Shuryshkarsky District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), discovered in 2020. Geological and geomorphological characteristics of the Lower Ob region are provided, the chronology of the key Middle and Late Neopleistocene sequences is assessed, and criteria underlying the search for Paleolithic sites in the area are outlined. We describe the discovery and excavations at Kushevat, its stratigraphy and its faunal remains. On the basis of correlation with neighboring key Late Neopleistocene sections with a representative series of absolute dates, the age of the site is estimated at cal 50–35 ka BP. Results of a traceological study of a possibly human-modified reindeer antler are provided. Findings at Kushevat and the available information on the early peopling of northern Eurasia suggest that the boundary of the inhabited part of that region must be shifted ~200 km to the north. The Ob, therefore, is one of the last major Siberian rivers where traces of the Early Upper Paleolithic culture have been found. The discovery of a stratified site in its lower stretch is a milestone in the Paleolithic studies in the region. A large area over which faunal remains are distributed, and the presence of lithics among the surface finds, suggest that Kushevat is a highly prospective site for future archaeological studies of the early stages in the human peopling of the region.

scholarly journals THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITE KORMAN’ 9

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Kulakovska ◽  
V. I. Usyk ◽  
P. Haesarts ◽  
S. Pirson ◽  
O. M. Kononenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Level I ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 1960S

Near the village of Korman’ (Sokyryany district, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine) several Palaeolithic sites are known. In the 1960s and 70s, O. P. Chernysh conducted archaeological studies of the site Korman’ IV. In 2012 the new Palaeolithic site named as Korman’ 9 was discovered by the Dniester Palaeolithic expedition of the IA NASU. A preliminary fieldwork season was conducted in 2013. The main research focused on the chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental study of the site. In the approximately 4 metres thick Quaternary deposits (dating to the late Pleniglacial), three Upper Paleolithic levels were observed. The main raw materials used by late Pelistocene humans were local Turonian and Cenomanian flint. The faunal remains in all levels are dominated by reindeer. In level I two fireplaces were recorded. One about 1 m in diameter has a layer of burnt loess at its bottom with a thickness of about 10 cm. The collection of 932 lithic artifacts comprises cores, tools, blanks, chips, and chunks. The primary knapping is characterized by parallel uni- and bi-directional blade, bladelet and microblade production. The tools (n = 92) are dominated by backed bladelets / microblades (n = 69). There is a single endscraper, and the few burins are represented by dihedral burins (n = 2), one bruin on a a break and one on a truncation. Other tools represented are bilaterally retouched points, borer, combination tool and retouched pieces. Additionally, in level I, the following personal ornaments were found: one pendant of amber, one pendant of fox tooth, one pendant of a perforated shell and three shell beads. Level II. A collection of 20 flint artifacts is presented exclusively by the products of primary flaking. In level III, a small number of flint artifacts (n = 67) were recovered, including two cores, one endscraper, and three retouched pieces. The lithic industry of level I, according to the technical-typological characteristic and chronostratigraphic position, can be attributed to the Epi-Gravettian technocomplex. It is possible, that the collection of level II also belongs to the same technocomplex, but due to the small number of finds, the authors refrain from concrete conclusions. Collection of level III on the base of morphological features can be attributed to the Gravettian technocomplex and is currently undated.

scholarly journals BARMAKY SITE IN THE CONTEXT OF EPIGRAVETTIAN OF THE MIDDLE DNIEPER BASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
V. P. Chabai ◽  
D. V. Stupak ◽  
A. P. Veselsky ◽  
D. V. Dudnyk
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Loess Deposits ◽  
Fauna Composition

The Upper Paleolithic site Barmaky, 2nd cultural layer from Volyhnia-Lublin upland is the most western manifestation of Epigravettian of the Mid Dnieper basin. During several field campaigns the 147 m2 of cultural deposits with three pits and one chalk / marl concentration were studied (fig. 1). The silty-loess deposits of Barmaky, 2 accumulated about 19 kyr cal BP (table 1) under the permafrost conditions. The fauna assemblage is represented by: mammoths, bison, reindeer, red deer, horse, bear, wolf, wolverine, polar fox, fox and hare. More than 100 thousand artifacts were recovered during the last two field campaigns. In essential account (without chips, chunks, unidentifiable debitage), the artifacts assemblage is represented by: cores and pre-cores — 0.87 %; flakes — 45.23; blades — 17.34; bladelets — 14.27; micro-blades — 7.34; burin spalls — 8.08; tools — 6.79 % (table 2). The reduction sequences are based on the flaking of uni-, bidirectional sub-cylindrical and narrow flaking surface unidirectional cores for blades and bladelets (table 3; fig. 2). There is no evidence of micro-blade technology implication. The structure of tool-kit is characterized by the dominance of burins — about 50 %; microliths — 25 %; and truncated pieces — about 18 % (table 4). The rest of tool classes are represented by a few percentages each. Among them are the end-scrapers on blades with truncated base (fig. 3). The most part of burins are represented by pieces made on obliquely truncated blades (table 5; fig. 4). Also, the obliquely truncated blades dominate the truncated pieces assemblage (table 6; fig. 5). The most representative type of microliths is the micro-points with abruptly retouched straight back and obliquely retouched base (table 7; fig. 6). The points, pendants, bracelet fragment made on tusk and perforated fossil marine shells from local chalk deposits are available. The composition of microliths, burins and end-scrapers in Barmaky, 2 tool-kit is characteristic to the cultural layers beyond the dwelling structures on such base-camps as Mezhyrich (fig. 7). Also, the presences of pits and fauna composition are close to what expected from Epigravettian base-camps. The artifacts assemblage of Barmaky, 2 belongs to the Mizyn industry. Also, Barmaky, 2 is the earliest manifestation of Epigravettian in the Mid Dnieper basin.

scholarly journals Food gathering and natural resources use evidence at the end of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic period in the North-Western Caucasus (based on the Dvoinaya Cave and the Chygai Rockshelter materials)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Leonova ◽  
Olesya Igorevna Uspenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
The North ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Late Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Mesolithic Period ◽  
North Western

Complex studies of multi-layer Stone Age sites located in the foothills of the North-Western Caucasus (Gubs Gorge) made it possible to obtain fairly representative collections of archaeological materials including stone and bone artifacts and faunal remains, dating from the end of the Late Palaeolithic to Mesolithic and Eneolithic periods. Large concentrations of terrestrial gastropods Helix sp. shells were found in the Early and Late Mesolithic layers. These gastropods were the objects of collecting and probably composed a significant part of the primitive communities diet. Dvoinaya Cave and Chygai Rockshelter belong to series of synchronous Mediterranean, Levant and Zagros sites with large concentrations of grape snails in the late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic layers. The data of the use-wear analysis of stone tools, micro-chemical and IR-spectroscopic analysis of the residues on the stone tools surfaces allow to conclude that the ancient inhabitants of the Gubs Gorge collected and processed various plant resources, including wood, grass fibers, resin of coniferous and fruit plants with the purpose of manufacturing and fastening of handles, frames and shafts of arrows. The river mollusks Theodoxus danubialis shells were used for making beads. More than 30 shells with punched or drilled holes were found in the lowest layer of the Dvoinaya Cave.

scholarly journals Comparison Study of Cultural Layers Preservation at the Moiltyn Am Site (Central Mongolia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Daria V. Marchenko ◽  
Arina M. Khatsenovich ◽  
Evgeny P. Rybin ◽  
Dashzeveg Bazargur ◽  
Gunchinsuren Byambaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Central Mongolia ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Cultural Layers

Archaeological sites with unclear conditions of sediment accumulation and stratigraphic disturbances are always complicated to research. Usually other sites in the region with better preservation of cultural layers helps to understand and divide them into cultural chronological stages. However lack of such sites results in the need to find other approaches and research methods to study stratigraphic positions of cultural horizons. Purpose. This article considers approaches and methods and their application to estimate the preservation of cultural layers at the Upper Paleolithic site of Moiltyn Am in Central Mongolia. Results. The authors analyzed positions of artifacts from layers 1.2, 2, 3 and 4. Indexes of layer 1.2 fall within the value range, characteristic to rockfall. Layers 2 and 3 are also close to rockfall, but the level of isotropy falls outside the limits of its range. Layer 4 is closer to the range of solifluction. Conclusions. The authors correlated lithological divisions, revealed in 2018–2019, and stratigraphic units, that previous researchers divided and described. Sediments of Layer 4 were accumulated under the solifluction process and went through post-sedimentological disturbances, that also impacted the underlying layers. Layers 2 and 3 were formed under drier conditions.

scholarly journals The studies on the Sungir Upper Paleolithic site in 2014–2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-35
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gavrilov ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Voskresenskaya ◽  
Daria Eskova ◽  
Sergey Lev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Technological Study

The article is devoted to the results of archaeological excavations carried out on the Sungir in 2014-2015. The main purpose of these works was to obtain new data on the spatial structure of the cultural layer of the Sungir site. The relevance of these studies is caused by still unsolved question of whether Sungir can be considered as a site with a complex archaeological stratigraphy or the features of its spatial structure are only the result of natural postdepositional processes. Descriptions and characteristics of the stratigraphy of sediments, the spatial organization of the cultural layer, the species’ attribution and taphonomy of the faunal collection, the typology and technology of the stone industry, as well as new radiocarbon dating are given. It is noted that the excavations of 2015 were conducted on the peripheral part of the accumulations which were opened in the excavation unit III by O.N. Bader. Most of the animal bones found during excavations can be considered as belonging to species that the settlers hunted. The analysis of the stone inventory allowed us to identify the following production chains of manufacture: the production of large flakes, the production of blades, and the production of thin bifaces. The data obtained during the typological and technological study of blades and bladelets make it possible to suggest the existence of the fundamental differences between the Sungir industry and the industries of the Aurignacian technocomplex. Predominance of large flakes in the Sungir stone industry, as well as the characteristic techniques in bifaces production, which were recorded in the collection, allow us to consider so-called Streletskian culture as a more reasonable analogy to it. The stratigraphic position both of artifacts and accumulations of archaeological material, as well as the spatial context of the dated bone samples from reconnaissance trench No. 4 (2014), support the conclusion that the cultural layer of the Sungir site was formed in several stages. The results of archaeological work carried out on Sungir in 2014–2015 indicate the real perspectives for its further study. One of the urgent tasks facing the researchers of this outstanding site is the reconstruction of the spatial structure, including its archaeological stratigraphy.

scholarly journals Stone industry of the Kamennobalkovsky culture – current state of research (on the materials of the 2nd cultural layer of sites Kamennaya Balka II and Tretiy Mys)

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-85
Author(s):  
Nina Anatol'evna Khaikunova ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Stone Industry

The subject of this research is the collection of tools from the middle cultural layers of Upper Paleolithic monuments Kamennaya Balka II and the Tretiy Mys located in the Lower Don. The monuments that have been studied over the course of 50 years by scientific archaeological expeditions of Moscow University and State Historical Museum required additional examination and clarification of the main characteristics of stone industry, according to which was determined the Kamennobalkovsky Paleolithic culture. The traditional typological method of research was applied in working with the collections. The basic categories of tools processed via morphological analysis served as the foundation for this research. The author describes and compares the main categories of instrument, such as microliths with a blunted point, incisors, scrapers, burins, scaly and denticulate tools. The author identified and verified the signs that confirm similarity of the monuments and discrepancies in morphology of the groups and categories of tools. As a result, belonging of the middle cultural layers of monuments to Kamennobalkovsky culture was verified, which implies the 1,500-2,000 years of existence and development of the culture. It is also noted that the differences can be of temporal or industrial in nature at different sites of the monuments. The inventory of the main cultural layer of Kamennaya Balka II and 2nd cultural layer of the site Tretiy Mys is characterized with individual attributes that are distinct from the earlier or later layers of Kamennaya Balka sites.

scholarly journals The surroundings and the age of the upper paleolithic site on Susak island

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Ferenc Schweitzer ◽  
Éva Kis
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Method ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
The North

Our study investigates the paleoenvironmental conditions of an Upper Paleolithic site found in the excavation of the North Adriatic Susak Island. Our research explores the range of the loess and loesslike sediments deposited on rudist limestone which is the substratum of the island. We studied the Quaternary sediments by a coherent paleoenvironmental assessment method. The geomorphological and the various chronological analysis contribute significantly to the extension of our knowledge on the paleoenvironmental conditions of the Upper Paleolithic site (Radiocarbon age is 31,830 ±720 yr BP) on Susak Island.

Turbulent Climate Discourses in Northern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-42
Author(s):  
Flora Mary Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Environmental Engagement ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Crucial Part

I examine how tensions between locals, environmentalists, and State politicians in a small town in northern Sweden are reinforced through national discourses of climate change and sustainability. Turbulence emerges across different scales of responsibility and environmental engagement in Arjeplog as politicians are seen by local inhabitants to be engaging more with the global conversation than with the local experience of living in the north. Moreover, many people view the environmentalist discourses from the politicians in the south, whom they deem to be out of touch with rural life, as threatening to the local experience of nature. These discourses pose a threat to their reliance on petrol, essential for travel, and are experienced locally as a continuation of the south’s historical interference in the region. Based on thirteen months of field research, I argue that mistrust of the various messengers of climate change, including politicians and environmentalists, is a crucial part of the scepticism towards the climate change discourse and that we as researchers need to utilise the strengths of anthropology in examining the reception (or refusal) of climate change. The locals’ mistrust of environment discourses had implications for my positionality, as I was associated with these perceived ‘outsider’ sensibilities. While the anthropology of climate change often focusses on physical impacts and resilience, I argue that we need to pay due attention to the local turbulence surrounding the discourses of climate change, which exist alongside the physical phenomena.  

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