scholarly journals Market Review of Gas Sensors for Industrial applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Market Review

scholarly journals Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides for Methane Sensors: Role of Noble Metals

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Basu ◽  
P. K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Nanocrystalline Metal ◽  
Sensing Properties

Methane is an important gas for domestic and industrial applications and its source is mainly coalmines. Since methane is extremely inflammable in the coalmine atmosphere, it is essential to develop a reliable and relatively inexpensive chemical gas sensor to detect this inflammable gas below its explosion amount in air. The metal oxides have been proved to be potential materials for the development of commercial gas sensors. The functional properties of the metal oxide-based gas sensors can be improved not only by tailoring the crystal size of metal oxides but also by incorporating the noble metal catalyst on nanocrystalline metal oxide matrix. It was observed that the surface modification of nanocrystalline metal oxide thin films by noble metal sensitizers and the use of a noble metal catalytic contact as electrode reduce the operating temperatures appreciably and improve the sensing properties. This review article concentrates on the nanocrystalline metal oxide methane sensors and the role of noble metals on the sensing properties.

scholarly journals Thin Film Gas Sensors Based on Planetary Ball-Milled Zinc Oxide Nanoinks: Effect of Milling Parameters on Sensing Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9676
Author(s):  
Raju Sapkota ◽  
Pengjun Duan ◽  
Tanay Kumar ◽  
Anusha Venkataraman ◽  
Chris Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle

Planetary ball-milled zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle suspensions (nanoinks) were used to produce thin film chemiresistive gas sensors that operate at room temperature. By varying milling or grinding parameters (speed, time, and solvent) different thin film gas sensors with tunable particle sizes and porosity were fabricated and tested with dry air/oxygen against hydrogen, argon, and methane target species, in addition to relative humidity, under ambient light conditions. Grinding speeds of up to 1000 rpm produced particle sizes and RMS thin film roughness below 100 nm, as measured by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and X-ray analysis confirmed the purity and structure of the resulting ZnO nanoparticles. Gas sensor response at room temperature was found to peak for nanoinks milled at 400 rpm and for 30 min in ethylene glycol and deionized water, which could be correlated to an increased film porosity and enhanced variation in electron concentration resulting from adsorption/desorption of oxygen ions on the surfaces of ZnO nanoparticles. Sensor response and dynamic behavior was found to improve as the temperature was increased, peaking between 100 and 150 °C. This work demonstrates the use of low-cost PBM nanoinks as the active materials for solution-processed thin film gas/humidity sensors for use in environmental, medical, food packaging, laboratory, and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Gas Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruowei Yu ◽  
Yuxing Chen ◽  
Lingling Shui ◽  
Limin Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Fundamental Limits ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Crystal Fibers

Fiber gas sensing techniques have been applied for a wide range of industrial applications. In this paper, the basic fiber gas sensing principles and the development of different fibers have been introduced. In various specialty fibers, hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) can overcome the fundamental limits of solid fibers and have attracted intense interest recently. Here, we focus on the review of HC-PCF gas sensing, including the light-guiding mechanisms of HC-PCFs, various sensing configurations, microfabrication approaches, and recent research advances including the mid-infrared gas sensors via hollow core anti-resonant fibers. This review gives a detailed and deep understanding of HC-PCF gas sensors and will promote more practical applications of HC-PCFs in the near future.

scholarly journals Wireless Readout of Multiple SAW Temperature Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Bruckner ◽  
Jochen Bardong
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Delay Lines ◽  
Saw Devices ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Identification Tags ◽  
Passive Wireless Sensors ◽  
Physical Quantities

It has since long been known that surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, resonators as well as delay lines, can be used as passive wireless sensors for physical quantities, like temperature and pressure, as well as gas sensors or identification-tags (ID-tags). The sensors are robust, work passively without a battery, can be applied at high temperatures, and provide a high resolution. Nevertheless, if the devices are used wirelessly in an industrial environment, several constraints have to be taken into account, especially when more than one quantity or device needs to be measured at the same time. The paper addresses the challenges that must be tackled when establishing multi-sensor-wireless-readout for industrial applications. Major issues here are the legal regulations for industrial, scientific and medical frequency bands (ISM-bands), as well as sampling time and costs, which impose severe restrictions to any system design. We describe several design approaches and their constraints. We successfully designed sensors based on reflective delay lines that allow the parallel readout of four independent temperature sensors in the 2.45 GHz ISM-band. These devices were fabricated and positively tested, demonstrating the applicability of SAW sensors for industrial applications.

SiC Based Field Effect Gas Sensors for Industrial Applications

2001 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lloyd Spetz ◽  
L. Un�us ◽  
H. Svenningstorp ◽  
P. Tobias ◽  
L.-G. Ekedahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Industrial Applications

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Sensing with Langmuir–Blodgett Graphene Films

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Stevan Andrić ◽  
Milija Sarajlić ◽  
Miloš Frantlović ◽  
Ivana Jokić ◽  
Dana Vasiljević-Radović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett

Graphene has become a material of choice for an increasing number of scientific and industrial applications. It has been used for gas sensing due to its favorable properties, such as a large specific surface area, as well as the sensitivity of its electrical parameters to adsorption processes occurring on its surface. Efforts are ongoing to produce graphene gas sensors by using methods that are compatible with scaling, simple deposition techniques on arbitrary substrates, and ease of use. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of carbon dioxide gas sensors from Langmuir–Blodgett thin films of sulfonated polyaniline-functionalized graphene that was obtained by using electrochemical exfoliation. The sensor was tested within the highly relevant concentration range of 150 to 10,000 ppm and 0% to 100% at room temperature (15 to 35 °C). The results show that the sensor has both high sensitivity to low analyte concentrations and high dynamic range. The sensor response times are approximately 15 s. The fabrication method is simple, scalable, and compatible with arbitrary substrates, which makes it potentially interesting for many practical applications. The sensor is used for real-time carbon dioxide concentration monitoring based on a theoretical model matched to our experimental data. The sensor performance was unchanged over a period of several months.

Design and Development of the Stability Test System for Gas Sensor Array Based on ARM

2013 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 553-556
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Qing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Test System ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Gas Sensor Array ◽  
The Stability

In order to eliminate or minimize the early instability of gas sensors, the aging process is needed. After aging,it is necessary to test stability parameters of gas sensors in a certain batch of the sensors for massive production. In this work, a system for the stability test of gas sensor array has been designed and developed both in hardware and software based ARM. Measurements demonstrate the quality and flexibility of it. It is low cost, excellent cost performance. The stability test system now works well in industrial applications and meets the need of industrial mass-production.

scholarly journals Wireless Readout of Multiple SAW Temperature Sensors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Bruckner ◽  
Jochen Bardong
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Delay Lines ◽  
Ism Band ◽  
Saw Devices ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Passive Wireless Sensors ◽  
Physical Quantities

It is since long known, that SAW devices, resonators as well as delay lines, can be used as passive wireless sensors for physical quantities like temperature and pressure as well as gas sensors or ID-Tags. The sensors are robust, work passively without battery, can be applied at high temperatures and provide a high resolution. Nevertheless, if the devices should be readout wirelessly in an industrial environment, several constraints have to be taken into account, especially when more than one quantity or device needs to be measured at the same time. The paper addresses the challenges that have to be tackled when establishing multi-sensor-wireless-readout for industrial applications. Major issues here are the legal ISM-band regulations, as well as sampling time and costs, which impose severe restrictions to any system design. We describe several design approaches and their constraints. We have successfully designed sensors based on reflective delay lines that allow the parallel readout of four independent temperature sensors in the 2.45 GHz ISM-band. These devices have been fabricated, positively tested and demonstrate the applicability of SAW sensors for industrial applications.

The Application of Ultra-Thin Sectioning Techniques to Non-Biological Samples

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
C. F. Oster
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Embedding Medium

Although ultra-thin sectioning techniques are widely used in the biological sciences, their applications are somewhat less popular but very useful in industrial applications. This presentation will review several specific applications where ultra-thin sectioning techniques have proven invaluable.The preparation of samples for sectioning usually involves embedding in an epoxy resin. Araldite 6005 Resin and Hardener are mixed so that the hardness of the embedding medium matches that of the sample to reduce any distortion of the sample during the sectioning process. No dehydration series are needed to prepare our usual samples for embedding, but some types require hardening and staining steps. The embedded samples are sectioned with either a prototype of a Porter-Blum Microtome or an LKB Ultrotome III. Both instruments are equipped with diamond knives.In the study of photographic film, the distribution of the developed silver particles through the layer is important to the image tone and/or scattering power. Also, the morphology of the developed silver is an important factor, and cross sections will show this structure.

The mensuration of interfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
W.M. Stobbs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Lattice Resolution ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
The Way

I do not have access to the abstracts of the first meeting of EMSA but at this, the 50th Anniversary meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America, I have an excuse to consider the historical origins of the approaches we take to the use of electron microscopy for the characterisation of materials. I have myself been actively involved in the use of TEM for the characterisation of heterogeneities for little more than half of that period. My own view is that it was between the 3rd International Meeting at London, and the 1956 Stockholm meeting, the first of the European series , that the foundations of the approaches we now take to the characterisation of a material using the TEM were laid down. (This was 10 years before I took dynamical theory to be etched in stone.) It was at the 1956 meeting that Menter showed lattice resolution images of sodium faujasite and Hirsch, Home and Whelan showed images of dislocations in the XlVth session on “metallography and other industrial applications”. I have always incidentally been delighted by the way the latter authors misinterpreted astonishingly clear thickness fringes in a beaten (”) foil of Al as being contrast due to “large strains”, an error which they corrected with admirable rapidity as the theory developed. At the London meeting the research described covered a broad range of approaches, including many that are only now being rediscovered as worth further effort: however such is the power of “the image” to persuade that the above two papers set trends which influence, perhaps too strongly, the approaches we take now. Menter was clear that the way the planes in his image tended to be curved was associated with the imaging conditions rather than with lattice strains, and yet it now seems to be common practice to assume that the dots in an “atomic resolution image” can faithfully represent the variations in atomic spacing at a localised defect. Even when the more reasonable approach is taken of matching the image details with a computed simulation for an assumed model, the non-uniqueness of the interpreted fit seems to be rather rarely appreciated. Hirsch et al., on the other hand, made a point of using their images to get numerical data on characteristics of the specimen they examined, such as its dislocation density, which would not be expected to be influenced by uncertainties in the contrast. Nonetheless the trends were set with microscope manufacturers producing higher and higher resolution microscopes, while the blind faith of the users in the image produced as being a near directly interpretable representation of reality seems to have increased rather than been generally questioned. But if we want to test structural models we need numbers and it is the analogue to digital conversion of the information in the image which is required.

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