From Amorphous Red Phosphorus to a Few Layers of Black Phosphorus: A Low-cost and Efficient Preparation Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Liquid Phase Method ◽  
High Resolution Tem

Abstract: In this work, we present an efficiency synthesis method of phosphorene from red phosphorus by means of black phosphorus. The latter was synthesized by using copper, tin, tin iodide and red phosphorus as precursor at low pressure-temperature. Characterizations with powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX), high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) and Raman spectroscopy were performed to confirm the high quality and purity of black phosphorus crystal. Liquid phase method was used to exfoliate black phosphorus to phosphorene in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent. Atomic force microscopy and STEM were used to confirm the exfoliation of black phophorus in a few layers of phophorene. Keywords: 2D materials, Red phosphorus, Black phosphorus, Phosphorene, Liquid-phase exfoliation.

Enhancement of the properties of a Beta-GA2O3-based diode using fluorine-doped Ga2O3 films deposited by a liquid-phase method

2021 ◽  
pp. 2151036
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yi Huang ◽  
Ching-Yu Wang ◽  
Mau-Phon Houng ◽  
Cheng-Fu Yang ◽  
Na-Fu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gallium Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Liquid Phase Method ◽  
Deposited Films

The purpose of this research is to investigate a low-cost liquid-phase deposition (LPD) method for preparing gallium oxide ([Formula: see text]-Ga2O[Formula: see text] films. This approach has the advantages of being easy and not requiring a vacuum, and it is suitable for large-area manufacturing. First, the LPD method was used to precipitate GaOOH particles below a pH of 8 and at 80[Formula: see text]C; these were used as the precursor for the gallium oxide ([Formula: see text]-Ga2O[Formula: see text] films. Ammonium fluoride (NH4F) with concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M was added to the solution to form fluorine-doped (F-doped) GaOOH. The precipitated F-doped GaOOH powders were analyzed using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) on a field emission scanning electron microscope to identify elemental F, Ga, and O. We found that the concentration of F ions increased with the NH4F concentration. The deposited films were then annealed at 900[Formula: see text]C for 4 h to transform the F-doped GaOOH into F-doped [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3. EDS was used to analyze the F-doped [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 films, and we found that their F[Formula: see text] ion concentration also increased with the NH4F concentration. XPS analysis was used to confirm the existence of F[Formula: see text] ions in the F-doped [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 films. The analyzed results also showed that as the NH4F concentration increased, the electrical performance of F-doped gallium oxide improved. Finally, the F-doped [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 films were used to fabricate F-doped [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3/p[Formula: see text]-Si junction diodes, and their J–V properties were thoroughly investigated. We found that the rectification characteristics of the F-doped [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3/p[Formula: see text]-Si diodes could be significantly improved.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide with cuprous oxide film under UV-vis irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Jianqing Feng ◽  
Lihua Jin ◽  
Chengshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Effect

AbstractWe have grown Cu2O films by different routes including self-oxidation and metal-organic deposition (MOD). The reduction efficiency of Cu2O films on graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by modified Hummer’s method has been studied. Surface morphology and chemical state of as-prepared Cu2O film and GO sheets reduced at different conditions have also been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that self-oxidation Cu2O film is more effective on phtocatalytic reduction of GO than MOD-Cu2O film. Moreover, reduction effect of self-oxidation Cu2O film to GO is comparable to that of environmental-friendly reducing agent of vitamin C. The present results offer a potentially eco-friendly and low-cost approach for the manufacture of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by photocatalytic reduction.

The Research of Silica-Coated Chromium Oxide Green Pigment Prepared by Liquid Phase Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 84-85 ◽  
pp. 514-518
Author(s):  
Hong Yan Zhang ◽  
Jin Hua Wang ◽  
Li Fang Zhang ◽  
Li Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Coated Particle ◽  
Liquid Phase Method

This paper is researched on SiO2-coated Cr2O3 for the hydrolysis reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate. The influences of precursors, solid contents of suspension and Si ratio of water on coated particle surface are investigated. The products are characterized and the conclusion shows that the experimental method is feasible.

Zinc Oxide Thin Film Morphology as Function of Substrate Position During Sputtering Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Christelle Habis ◽  
Jean Zaraket ◽  
Michel Aillerie
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Zinc Oxide Thin Film ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Great Transparency

Transparent conductive oxides are materials combining great transparency with high conductivity. In photovoltaic applications, they are developed under thin layer for the realization of upper electrodes of solar cells. Among transparent oxide materials, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) presents unique properties, starting with its first qualities to be abundant, low-cost and non-toxic oxide. Zinc Oxide thin film was deposited on rectangular glass substrate by magnetron sputtering. After an overview of the properties expected for good transparent conductive materials, the effect of distance from the center of the cell on the morphology of the film was investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The scanning was done on different area of the sample as function of the distance from the central position of the direct sputtering jet. As far as the distance increased, it has been noticed a quasi-linear increase in thickness of the ZnO deposited film and a change in the grain shape from spherical to pyramidal with an increase in the size of the particles. Controlling the sputtering distance allows the control of texture, thus of the Haze factor, the photo-generation of excitons, as well the optical transmission of the TCO layer and finally an improvement in the efficiency of the so-built photovoltaic cells.

Micro/Nano-Tribological Behavior of Octadecyltrichlorosilane on Silicon as a Coating for MEMS

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barriga ◽  
B. Ferna´ndez ◽  
E. Abad ◽  
B. Coto
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Semicontact Mode

Despite progresses achieved in the technology of MEMS, the tribological problem continues being an unresolved matter. Wear and stick-slip phenomena are many times the origin of failure of these devices. The application of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in liquid phase seems to be a solution to this problems. SAMs of octadecyltrichlorosilane (CH3(CH2)17SiCl3, OTS) were attached to Si(100) oxidized in liquid phase. Contact angle measurements were used for characterizing the grade of hydrophobicity. The topography of the coating was obtained with an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in semicontact mode. The images showed the presence of particles related to the polymerization of the precursor molecule during the formation process of the SAMs. Creating the film of lubricant in vapour phase would avoid this undesirable effect. Tribological tests were carried out with a microtribometer in linear reciprocating movement with a ball of 2 mm of diameter (100Cr6 and Si3N4) and load of some milinewtons. Results were compared with those obtained for silicon oxidized without any coating. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear (substrate and ball) were studied under different test conditions.

Effect of crystal orientation and doping on the activation energy for GaAs oxide growth by liquid phase method

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 2629-2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwei-Heng Wang ◽  
Dei-Wei Chou ◽  
Jau-Yi Wu ◽  
Yeong-Her Wang ◽  
Mau-Phon Houng
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Oxide Growth ◽  
Liquid Phase Method

Lithium storage properties of Li2MoO3 and its effect as a cathode additive in full cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taolin Zhao ◽  
Shaokang Chen ◽  
Xingyue Gao ◽  
Yuxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Lithium Storage ◽  
Liquid Phase Method ◽  
Cathode Additive ◽  
Storage Properties

High-performance lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) are the main development direction of future energy storage devices. However, most LIBs still face a problem of high first irreversible capacity loss. Pre-lithiation technology can increase the content of active lithium source and compensate the loss of active lithium during the first cycle. Adding lithium supplement additive to the cathode provides an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of LIBs. Here, Li2MoO3 has been investigated as a cathode additive in the full cells. In order to optimize its preparation, Li2MoO3 has been prepared by three different methods, including solid-phase method, liquid-phase method and ultrasonic method. Based on material characterization and electrochemical performance tests, Li2MoO3 material prepared by liquid-phase method shows the best lithium storage properties and chosen as a cathode additive in the LiNi[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O2/SiO@C full cells. The addition of Li2MoO3 has successfully improved the electrochemical performance of the full cell. The first discharge specific capacity increases from 103.9 mAh g[Formula: see text] to 130.4 mAh g[Formula: see text]. In short, Li2MoO3 material is a promising cathode additive for LIBs.

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