scholarly journals Hormonal Regulation of the Dry Eye.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract For protection of environmental insults and clear vision the outer most surface (the cornea) of the human eye has to be kept moist with the secretion of the lacrimal gland. During old age (in both the genders) and certain physiological conditions (in females) the pathophysiological conditions of lacrimal gland alter which results in Dry/Wet eye. Most of the menopausal women and young males and females face dry eye disorder due to environmental insults and therefore, we hypothesize that the acinar cells of lacrimal gland should have estrogen receptors. In support of this earlier we have localized estrogen receptors on eye lens epithelial cells that also regulated by sex steroid hormones.

Dispersal patterns in a regional koala population in south-east Queensland

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Dique ◽  
Jim Thompson ◽  
Harriet J. Preece ◽  
Deidré L. de Villiers ◽  
Frank N. Carrick
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Social ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Natal Home

Koala dispersal was investigated as part of a detailed ecological study of a nationally significant koala population located 20 km south-east of Brisbane, Queensland. From 1996 to 2000, 195 koalas from three sites were captured and fitted with radio-collars. A total of 40 koalas (23 males and 17 females) dispersed from these sites. Most (93%) dispersing individuals were 20–36 months of age. Three adult females (more than 36 months old) dispersed and no adult males dispersed during the study. A significantly higher proportion of young males dispersed than females. Dispersal occurred between June and December, with most dispersal of males commencing in July and August and that of females commencing between September and November prior to, and early in, the annual breeding season. The mean straight-line distance between the natal and breeding home ranges for males and females was similar and was measured at 3.5 km (range 1.1–9.7 km) and 3.4 km (range 0.3–10.6 km) respectively. Dispersing males and females tended to successfully disperse south and west of their natal home ranges and were generally unable to successfully disperse to urban areas within the study area, as a high proportion of the mortality of dispersing koalas was associated with attacks by domestic dogs and with collisions with vehicles on roads. Information from other studies indicates that most young koalas disperse from their natal areas. It is likely that the social behaviour and mating systems of koala populations provide mechanisms for young koalas to disperse. The potential role of dispersal in the dynamics of regional koala populations is discussed.

scholarly journals Refractory Dry Eye Syndrome after Transconjunctival Excision of the Palpebral Lobe of the Lacrimal Gland

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Yong-Jae Lee ◽  
Han-Sol Choi ◽  
Seong-Jun Park ◽  
Hae-Jung Sun ◽  
Sun-Young Jang
Keyword(s):  
Female Patient ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Incisional Biopsy ◽  
Lacrimal Glands ◽  
Palpable Mass ◽  
Tear Secretion ◽  
Palpebral Lobe

The aim of the present study was to report two cases of refractory dry eye syndrome (DES) after transconjunctival excision of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. A 25-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of a palpable mass in both upper eyelids visited our medical center. Preoperative orbital computer tomography showed high-attenuation lesions in both lacrimal glands. Incisional biopsy of the lacrimal gland palpebral lobe via transconjunctival incision was performed in January 2019. At 1 month after the biopsy, a lack of tears and persistent corneal erosions were found in both eyes. Artificial tears, punctal occlusion, autologous serum eye drops, and therapeutic contact lenses were applied in an attempt to control the dry eye symptoms. The patient continues to suffer from intractable DES at 2.5 years after the procedure. The second case involved a 52-year-old female patient who visited our medical center with a chief complaint of a palpable mass in both upper eyelids. Bilateral orbital tumors were diagnosed with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. An incisional biopsy of the lacrimal gland was performed. Immunoglobulin G4-related dacryoadenitis was confirmed through lacrimal palpebral lobe incisional biopsy. Intractable DES and corneal erosion of her left eye persisted thereafter. A transconjunctival incision is an effective approach for minimizing postoperative scars and is suitable for the biopsy of tumors that are visible through the conjunctiva. After a biopsy of the palpebral lobe of the main lacrimal glands, the secretion of reflex tears decreases due to damage to the secreting ducts of the main lacrimal glands. However, total tear secretion can be maintained by basal tear secretion from the accessory lacrimal glands. In this report, we describe two cases of refractory DES due to decreased total tear secretion, although only the palpebral lobes of the main lacrimal glands were biopsied.

Effects of MeCh, thapsigargin, and La3+ on plasmalemmal and intracellular Ca2+ transport in lacrimal acinar cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. C1006-C1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Kwan ◽  
H. Takemura ◽  
J. F. Obie ◽  
O. Thastrup ◽  
J. W. Putney
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Direct Channel ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Parotid Cells ◽  
Lacrimal Acinar Cells

The Ca2(+)-mobilizing actions of the muscarinic receptor agonist, methacholine (MeCh), and the microsomal Ca2+ pump inhibitor, thapsigargin, were investigated in lacrimal acinar cells. As previously shown for parotid cells (J. Biol. Chem. 264: 12266-12271, 1989), thapsigargin activates both internal Ca2+ release and Ca2+ entry from the extracellular space without increasing cellular inositol phosphates. The inorganic Ca2+ antagonist La3+ inhibited MeCh- or thapsigargin-activated Ca2+ entry. However, when added before MeCh or thapsigargin, La3+ inhibited the extrusion of Ca2+ at the plasma membrane. This phenomenon was exploited in protocols designed to investigate the pathways for filling agonist-sensitive Ca2+ stores in lacrimal cells. The results show that, in contrast to previous suggestions that external Ca2+ is required to replenish agonist-regulated Ca2+ stores, the inhibition of Ca2+ extrusion permits recycling of Ca2+ released by MeCh back into an MeCh- and thapsigargin-sensitive pool. Thus, although extracellular Ca2+ is the major source for refilling the intracellular Ca2+ stores under physiological conditions, the pathway by which this Ca2+ enters the pool need not be a direct one. These results are consistent with the recently revised capacitative model for the refilling of intracellular Ca2+ stores through Ca2+ influx subsequent to Ca2+ depletion, according to which refilling of intracellular Ca2+ stores occurs via a cytoplasmic route rather than a direct channel between intracellular Ca2+ stores and the extracellular space.

Suicide and unemployment in young people

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gunnell ◽  
Tom Lopatatzidis ◽  
Daniel Dorling ◽  
Helen Wehner ◽  
Humphrey Southall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secular Trends ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Old Men

BackgroundThe influence of the macro-economic climate on suicide is unclear. During the recent recession, rates have increased in young males but declined in females.AimsTo investigate associations between unemployment and suicide in 15 – to 44-year-old men and women over a period spanning two major economic recessions (1921–1995). To minimise confounding by changes in method availability, analyses are restricted to suicides using methods other than poisons and gases.MethodTime-series analysis using routine mortality and unemployment data.ResultsThere were significant associations between unemployment and suicide in both males and females. Associations were generally stronger at younger ages.ConclusionsSecular trends in youth suicide may be influenced by unemployment or other factors associated with changes in the macroeconomic climate. These factors appear to affect women to the same extent as men. Although it is not possible to draw firm aetiological conclusions from time-trend data, our findings are in keeping with those of person-based studies.

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