scholarly journals Determination of Air Pollutants Concentration from Ground Level Sources in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-229
Author(s):  
AA Tyovenda ◽  
T Sombo ◽  
UE Gbagba
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Wood Burning ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Time Average ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

This work focuses on measurements of concentration of gaseous emissions such as CO, S2O H2S and  particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5 ) released from ground level sources at specified receptor points downwind.  These sources were monitored using Altair Multi-gas and HAT 200 PM10 and PM2.5 detectors. From the selected sources monitored, Carbon Monoxide had the highest dispersion strength of 45%. An analysis of the concentrations show that refuse burning source has maximum concentrations of 111.2 mgm-3 for CO, 7.312 mgm-3 for SO2 , 5.342 mgm-3 for H2S, 0.542 mgm-3 for PM10 and 0.272 mgm-3 for PM2.5 respectively while  minimum concentrations of 77.42 mgm-3 for CO, 0.52 mgm-3 for SO2 , 1.44 mgm-3 for H2S, 0.48 mgm-3 for PM10 and 0.14 mgm-3 for PM2.5 respectively were obtained from wood burning source. This shows that CO has the highest concentrations of the pollutants monitored. Correlation between modeled and measured concentrations showed that wood burning source has higher validity of the model with coefficients of regression R2 for CO, SO2 , H2S, PM10 and PM2.5 as 0.885, 0.848, 0.574, 0.861 and 0.715 respectively while refuse burning has the least measure of validity with coefficients of regression R2 for CO, SO2 , H2S, PM10 and PM2.5 as 0.363, 0.416, 0.416, 0.431, 0.572 and 0.284 respectively. Based on Ambient Air Quality Standards, refuse burning sources are most harmful of the sources investigated. A comparative environmental impact assessment of the sources reveals that they are unsafe for selected pollutants. For CO (1 hour time average, the safe limit is 40mg/m3), SO2 (1 hour time average, the safe limit is 0.35040mg/m3) and H2S (1 hour time average,  the safe limit is 0.04240mg/m3).

Determination of emission factors for climate forcers and air pollutants from improved wood-burning cookstoves in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhelen Padilla-Barrera ◽  
Ricardo Torres-Jardón ◽  
Luis Gerardo Ruiz-Suarez ◽  
Telma Castro ◽  
Oscar Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Wood Burning

Association of Air Pollutant Exposure and Sinonasal Histopathology Findings in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242199365
Author(s):  
Tirth R. Patel ◽  
Bobby A. Tajudeen ◽  
Hannah Brown ◽  
Paolo Gattuso ◽  
Phillip LoSavio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
The Impact

Background Ambient air pollution is well known to cause inflammatory change in respiratory epithelium and is associated with exacerbations of inflammatory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, limited work has been done on the impact of air pollution on pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis and there are no reports in the literature of how pollutant exposure may impact sinonasal histopathology in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Objective This study aims to identify associations between certain histopathologic characteristics seen in sinus tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and levels of particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone in their place of residence. Methods A structured histopathology report was created to characterize the tissues of CRS patients undergoing sinus surgery. An estimate for each patient’s exposure to air pollutants including small particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone was obtained using the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool (EJSCREEN). Mean pollutant exposures for patients whose tissues exhibited varying histopathologic features were compared using logistic regression models. Results Data from 291 CRS patients were analyzed. Higher degree of inflammation was significantly associated with increased ozone exposure (p = 0.031). Amongst the patients with CRSwNP (n=131), presence of eosinophilic aggregates (p = 0.018) and Charcot-Leyden crystals (p = 0.036) was associated with increased ozone exposure. Conclusion Exposure to ambient air pollutants may contribute to pathogenesis of CRS. Increasing ozone exposure was linked to both higher tissue inflammation and presence of eosinophilic aggregates and Charcot-Leyden crystals in CRSwNP patients.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ADDITIONAL HEALTH RISK DUE TO POLLUTANTS IN AMBIENT AIR DURING OPERATION OF ROAD-VEHICLES COMPLEX

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
A. V. Levanchuk ◽  
Olga I. Kopytenkova ◽  
N. M. Frolova ◽  
A. M. Sazonova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement

Introduction. According to the materials of the World Health Organization, air pollutants are one of the most significant factors affecting the health of the population. The main urban air pollution source is road transport. The determination of air pollutants amount during the operation of the road-vehicles complex (RVC) with suspended substances is an important procedure for monitoring the risk to human health, planning, and evaluation of measures for the protection of residential areas ambient air. The existing methodical documents and regulations do not fully regulate important aspects of air pollution monitoring and assessment by-products caused by exhaust gases of the vehicle and emissions associated with the operation of the RVC. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the additional population health risks due to pollutants reaching the air of residential areas during the RVC operation. Material and methods. The method of emissions measurement reaching the air during the operation of the RVC is based on existing methodical documents and regulations. To assess the pollution, the data of observations of the intensity of traffic flow in different time periods in the experimental territories are used. The calculation of pollutants amount released into the air during the operational wear of the RVC is determined separately for the tire treads, brake system, and road pavement. Results. Guided by the constructed nomogram, taking into account distribution zone of the air pollution, it is possible to determine population health risk during the RVC operation in the city based on the calculation of the hazard coefficient. Discussion. On the basis of the calculations, data on the number of pollutants reaching the air during the RVC operation (wear of tire treads, brake system, road pavement) and from vehicles of various types for 1 year are presented. The data on the pollutants quantities generating on the road on a per 1 km car run basis, reaching the ambient air for various periods of time (hours, days) with the aim of the derivation of the spatial-temporal characteristics of the pollutants. On the basis of the obtained data, approximate calculations of the number of pollutants reaching the air during the operation of the RVC from all vehicles registered by St. Petersburg traffic police at the moment and the forecast for the period 2020 were carried out. Сonclusions. The given data on the hazard coefficient calculation of suspended solids emissions of RVC allow summarizing the risk from all the compartmental RVC sources. On the basis of the distance from the road to residential buildings presented in the nomogram, it is possible to determine an additional population health risk due to pollutants reaching the air during the RVC operation using a mathematical model of dispersion.

scholarly journals Mapping of Traffic-Related Air Pollution Using GIS Techniques in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oludare Hakeem Adedeji ◽  
Olasumbo Oluwafunmilayo ◽  
Tope-Ajayi Opeyemi Oluwaseun
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Gas Detectors ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Concentration Of Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

Spatial and temporal characteristics of traffic related air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2 and SO2) in Ijebu-ode, Nigeria were determined using replicate portable gas detectors (Land Duo Multi Gas Monitor) at selected road junctions, motor garages and markets. Mapping of different concentration of air pollutants was carried out using kriging type of interpolation method in GIS environment. Concentration of CO ranges from 4.8 ppm at Erinlu/Molipa Roundabout to 137ppm on Sagamu/Ore Expressway. Concentrations of NO2  range from 100-662 ppb with overall average value (OAV) of 299.8 ppb, while concentration of nitrogen oxide (NO) ranges between 67-302 ppb and OAV of 166.23 ppb. SO2 had concentration ranging between 38-245 ppb and an OAV of 139.07 ppb all of which are above standard ambient air quality standards. AQI indicated very unhealthy air quality in most areas which calls for the need to establish and strengthen the health-based standard for air pollutants.

scholarly journals Estimating Ground-Level Concentrations of Multiple Air Pollutants and Their Health Impacts in the Huaihe River Basin in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deying Zhang ◽  
Kaixu Bai ◽  
Yunyun Zhou ◽  
Runhe Shi ◽  
Hongyan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
The Huaihe River

Air pollutants existing in the environment may have negative impacts on human health depending on their toxicity and concentrations. Remote sensing data enable researchers to map concentrations of various air pollutants over vast areas. By combining ground-level concentrations with population data, the spatial distribution of health impacts attributed to air pollutants can be acquired. This study took five highly populated and severely polluted provinces along the Huaihe River, China, as the research area. The ground-level concentrations of four major air pollutants including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfate dioxide (SO2), particulate matters with diameter equal or less than 10 (PM10) or 2.5 micron (PM2.5) were estimated based on relevant remote sensing data using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The health impacts of these pollutants were then assessed with the aid of co-located gridded population data. The results show that the annual average concentrations of ground-level NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 in 2016 were 31 µg/m3, 26 µg/m3, 100 µg/m3, and 59 µg/m3, respectively. In terms of the health impacts attributable to NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5, there were 546, 1788, 10,595, and 8364 respiratory deaths, and 1221, 9666, 46,954, and 39,524 cardiovascular deaths, respectively. Northern Henan, west-central Shandong, southern Jiangsu, and Wuhan City in Hubei are prone to large health risks. Meanwhile, air pollutants have an overall greater impact on cardiovascular disease than respiratory disease, which is primarily attributable to the inhalable particle matters. Our findings provide a good reference to local decision makers for the implementation of further emission control strategies and possible health impacts assessment.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollutants and their effect on COVID-19 mortality in the United States of America

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Samuel Liu ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
County Level ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants

Objective. To examine the impact of four ambient air pollutants on the COVID-19 mortality rate in the United States of America. Methods. Using publicly accessible data collected by the United States Census Bureau, Environmental Protection Agency, and other agencies, county-level mortality rates were regressed on concentration values of ground-level ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Four confounder variables were included in the regression analysis: median household income, rate of hospital beds, population density, and days since first confirmed case. Results. Regression analysis showed that ground-level ozone is positively correlated with county-level mortality rates regardless of whether confounders are controlled for. Nitrogen dioxide is also shown to have a direct relationship with county-level mortality rates, except when all confounders are included in the analysis. Conclusions. High ground-level ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentrations contribute to a greater COVID-19 mortality rate. To limit further losses, it is important to reflect research findings in public policies. In the case of air pollution, environmental restrictions should be reinforced, and extra precautions should be taken as facilities start reopening.

Application of Electron Optics to Characterization of Particulate Pollutants

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran ◽  
J. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Air Quality Standards ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Stationary Sources ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 provide the basis for a dramatic change in Federal air quality programs. The Act establishes new standards for motor vehicles and requires EPA to establish national ambient air quality standards, standards of performance for new stationary sources of pollution, and standards for stationary sources emitting hazardous substances. Further, it establishes procedures which allow states to set emission standards for existing sources in order to achieve national ambient air quality standards. The Act also permits the Administrator of EPA to register fuels and fuel additives and to regulate the use of motor vehicle fuels or fuel additives which pose a hazard to public health or welfare.National air quality standards for particulate matter have been established. Asbestos, mercury, and beryllium have been designated as hazardous air pollutants for which Federal emission standards have been proposed.

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