scholarly journals Malaria Parasites and Packed Cell Volume of Free Range Poultry in Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria.

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
S O Sam-Wobo ◽  
O O Malumi ◽  
C F Mafiana ◽  
B C Oganah ◽  
O A Surakat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Hematological Parameter ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Malaria parasites and packed cell volume offree range poultry was conducted on one hundred free range chickens collected from three communities in Abeokuta (Osiele, Lafenwa and Kuto). The results revealed that out of the 100 free range chickens examined, 13(13%) were infected with avian malaria parasite. Hematological parameter i.e. packed cell volume (PCV) revealed that chicken with PCV range 16-20 were 33.33% positive for malaria parasite. Others between PCV ranges 21 – 25 were 33.3%, while those between PCV ranges of 26 – 30 were 16.66% and those with PCV range of 31 – 35 were 16.67%.Chi-square analysis showed a significant difference between packed cell volume and malaria parasite(p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between sex and malaria parasite(p>0.05). The presence of avian malaria parasites in the study area could be of some epidemiological implications since the infected poultry could act as reservoir for malaria parasites.

EFFECT OF AGE AND PLANE OF NUTRITION ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF THE COLUMBIAN BLACK-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS COLUMBIANUS): A. PACKED-CELL VOLUME, SEDIMENTATION RATE, AND HEMOGLOBIN

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Kitts ◽  
P. J. Bandy ◽  
A. J. Wood ◽  
I. McT. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effect Of Age

A study has been made of the normal chemistry of the blood constituents of the Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in relation to growth and the caloric plane of nutrition. The results showed a significant difference of packed-cell volume and hemoglobin level between the two age groups of experimental animals, while no significant differences were found in the sedimentation rates. The high and low imposed planes of nutrition did not bring about a significant difference in packed-cell volume, sedimentation rate, or hemoglobin value.

scholarly journals Stress in paradise: effects of elevated corticosterone on immunity and avian malaria resilience in a Hawaiian passerine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle R. Names ◽  
Elizabeth M. Schultz ◽  
Jesse S. Krause ◽  
Thomas P. Hahn ◽  
John C. Wingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Natural Antibodies ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Insight Into

Vertebrates confronted with challenging environments often experience an increase in circulating glucocorticoids, which result in morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes that promote survival. However, chronically elevated glucocorticoids can suppress immunity, which may increase susceptibility to disease. Since the introduction of avian malaria to Hawaii a century ago, low elevation populations of Hawaii Amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens) have undergone strong selection by avian malaria and evolved increased resilience (the ability to recover from infection), while populations at high elevation with few vectors have not undergone selection and remain susceptible. We investigated how experimentally elevated corticosterone affects the ability of high and low elevation male Amakihi to cope with avian malaria by measuring innate immunity, hematocrit, and malaria parasitemia. Corticosterone implants resulted in a decrease in hematocrit in high and low elevation birds but no changes to circulating natural antibodies or leukocytes. Overall, leukocyte count was higher in low than high elevation birds. Malaria infections were detected in a subset of low elevation birds. Infected individuals with corticosterone implants experienced a significant increase in circulating malaria parasites while untreated infected birds did not. Our results suggest that Amakihi innate immunity measured by natural antibodies and leukocytes is not sensitive to changes in corticosterone, and that high circulating corticosterone may reduce the ability of Amakihi to cope with infection via its effects on hematocrit and malaria parasite load. Understanding how glucocorticoids influence a host's ability to cope with introduced diseases provides new insight into the conservation of animals threatened by novel pathogens.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Levels of Subclinical Malaria Infection and Haemolysis among Residents of Opobo, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Evelyn Mgbeoma Eze ◽  
Serekara Gideon Christian ◽  
Victoria Samuel Jaja ◽  
Felix Eedee Konne
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Haemoglobin ◽  
Malaria Parasite Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating the levels of subclinical malaria infection and haemolysis among the residents of Opobo, Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: A cross sectional study design was used. The subjects were grouped into males and females and comparisons were made between positive and negative subjects of the same gender and positive subjects of different gender. Place and Duration of Study: The study area was Opobo Town in Opobo/Nkoro Local Government Area of Nigeria. The study was carried out within August 2nd to August 26th, 2019 and a total of 89 apparently healthy subjects were recruited, 35 males and 54 females, aged between 16 – 70 years. Methodology: Malaria parasite identification was done by thick and thin film using Giemsa’s stain, packed cell volume was by microhaematocrit method, plasma haemoglobin concentration and whole blood haemoglobin concentration was determined by cyanmethaemoglobin method. Results: The result revealed a total of 24.72% positivity and 75.28% negativity for malaria parasite infection. Among the males, 17.14% positivity and 82.86% negativity for malaria parasite infection were observed while that of the females was 20.37% positivity and 79.63% negativity. In comparison of the studied parameters made between females infected with malaria parasites and those that were not infected with malaria parasites, there was no statistical significant difference at p<0.05 in plasma haemoglobin and percentage haemolysis. In comparison of the studied parameters between males infected with malaria parasites and those not infected with malaria parasites, there was no statistical significant difference in plasma haemoglobin and percentage haemolysis. On gender based comparison, there was also no statistical significant difference in level haemolysis. Conclusion: The study has revealed a prevalence rate of 24.72% for subclinical malaria infection and the percentage haemolysis of red blood cells in malaria infected subjects residing in Opobo Town compared to subjects without malaria parasite was not statistically significant. Based on gender difference, males were affected more than females, but the level of red blood cell haemolysis was not statistically significant after comparison.

scholarly journals Effect of pregnancy on packed cell volume and total white blood cells count among Sudanese pregnant women attending antenatal care at Ribat University Hospital (Khartoum state)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Wafa Mubarak M. Ahmed ◽  
Abdurrahman Khalid ◽  
O. A. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Values ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: During pregnancy the women undergo several structural and physiological changes almost in all body systems including the hematological profile. The main reported hematological change is the plasma expansion and haemodilution which affect the red blood cells(RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) count in addition to other hematological indices including packed cell volume (PCV). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of pregnancy on packed cell volume and white blood cells among Sudanese pregnant women and derive a formula for the normal values in pregnant women in relation to the packed cell volume.Methods: An analytical case control study was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan 2017. The study included20 Sudanese pregnant women in the second and third trimesters attending the antenatal care at The National Ribat university hospital and 20 Sudanese non-pregnant women in the same age group as control. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data.5ml of venous blood was collected in a container containing EDTA. Complete blood count (CBC) was measured by using automated cell counter Sysmex.Results: There was statistically significant decrease in PCV value during 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant control group with p values (0.00 and 0.04 respectively), and statistically significant increase in WBCs count during 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant control group with p values (0.04 and 0.00 respectively). Also, a progressive increase in WBCs count with gestational age was demonstrated (second trimester 6.65×103/uL, third trimester 7.43×103/uL). The results showed mean WBCs of 7.79×103/uL, when compared to the estimated values the results showed no significant difference with the mean WBCs in 2ndand 3rdtrimesters (p value 0.06 and 0.39 respectively).Conclusions: During pregnancy there was statistically significant decrease in PCV values, statistically significant increase in WBCs count and by considering the haemodilution factor there was a higher increase in WBCs count.

scholarly journals Comparative effect of genotype and season on the haematological profile of two laying chicken strains in southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Young Imienwain Irivboje ◽  
Adeboye Olusesan Fafiolu ◽  
Muyideen Timothy Sanni ◽  
Oluwabusayo Adewunmi Irivboje ◽  
Christian Obiora Ndubuisi Ikeobi
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haematological Profile

AbstractHaematological studies help in understanding the relationship of blood characteristics to the environment. One of the major environmental factors influencing haematological indicators is season. This study was aimed at the variation in haematological profiles of two strains of laying birds at different seasons. We therefore evaluated the effects of genotype and season on the haematological profile in two strains of laying birds – Dominant brown (D-192) and Hyline brown in the tropics. A total of 50 birds per strain at 30 weeks of age were randomly selected for this study. Packed cell volume (PCV) and platelets were obtained using microhaematocrit whereas red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were counted using a haemocytometer. The result obtained showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the haematological profile of the birds in the two seasons compared (rainy and dry seasons). The haematological indices obtained during the rainy season had significantly higher mean values in packed cell volume (29.65 ± 0.32%), red blood cells (2.65 ± 0.03 × 1012/L), haemoglobin (100.1 ± 0.11 g/L) and eosinophil (2.5 ± 0.16%) while those obtained during the dry season had a higher significant effect on the white blood cells (19.16 ± 0.36 × 109/L). The results further revealed that between the strains, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in most of the indicators analysed but Hyline brown had significantly higher values (P < 0.05) of eosinophils and platelets. We concluded that the observed differences could be a result of genetic differences between the two strains of birds which gives room for selection and that the rainy season is more favourable for laying birds production under tropical condition.

scholarly journals Profil Darah dan Nilai Hematologi Domba Lokal yang Dipelihara di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat Sukabumi

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
D.A. Astuti ◽  
D.R. Ekastuti ◽  
Y. Sugiarti ◽  
Marwah Marwah
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Blood profil and hematological status of local sheep under the gunung walat education forest area SukabumiABSTRACT. Gunung Walat Education Forest (HPGW) is one of special forest which integrated with farm system (Agrosilvopastural). This forest is heterogeneous which dominated with agathis, damar and pinus trees. To support the farming system is needed basic data haematology and blood profil of sheep that lived in HPGW. This research was aimed to evaluate haematological values covering Red Blood Cell, haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume, MCV, MCH, MCHC and blood nutrient profil of lambs and ewes fed with mixed grass which is grow surrounding HPGW. Evaluation were done on 5 productive ewes and 5 male lambs 5-6 month ages, before and after eating time. The result showed that RBC of the lamb was (7.57 0.40) x 106/mm3 and for ewes was (5.71 0.05) x 106/mm3. Hb of lamb was (7.21 0.27) g/100ml and for ewes was (6.62 0.54) g/100ml, PCV of lamb was (28.10 7.21) % and ewes was (26.80 3.42) %, MCV of lamb was (32.68 1,23) fl and ewes was (50.91 1.53) fl, MCH of lamb was (10.82 0.47) pg and ewes was (12.93 0.29) pg, MCHC of lamb was (27,53 4.70)% and for ewes was (25.54 1.57) %. There were no significant difference on haematological values before and after feeding time except for Packed Cell Volume (P 0.05). The clinical result showed that lambs was suffering normocytic hypochromic anaemia and adults was suffering macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. Glucose level and total blood protein were at normal level while blood triglyseride concentration was lower than normal ewes concentration. 

scholarly journals Malaria Parasite Density as a Predictor of Hematological Parameter Changes among HIV Infected Adults Attending Two Antiretroviral Treatment Clinics in Kano, Northwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Feyisayo E. Jegede ◽  
Tinuade I. Oyeyi ◽  
Surajudeen A. Abdulrahman ◽  
Henry A. Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Hematological Parameter ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dual Infections

Background. Despite public health significance of dual infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria in developing countries like Nigeria, information on the association between malaria parasite density count (MPDC) and hematological parameter changes among HIV-infected individuals is rarely available. Objectives. To evaluate burden of HIV and malaria dual infections and assess the predictive association of MPDC with hematological parameter changes among HIV infected adults attending two antiretroviral treatment clinics in Kano, Nigeria. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 1521 consented participants randomly selected between June 2015 and May 2016. Participants’ basic characteristics and clinical details were collected using a pretested and validated standardized questionnaire. Collected venous blood was analyzed for malaria by rapid testing and microscopy including malaria parasite density; hematological parameters were estimated using a Sysmex XP-300 autoanalyzer. Data was reviewed, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. Mean hematological parameters and HIV/malaria status were compared using the independent t-test; hematological parameters and MPDC relationship was tested by simple linear regression analysis. Statistically significant difference at probability of <0.05 was considered for all variables. Results. The majority (70.6%) of the participants were females. Mean (SD) age was 37.30 ± (10.41) years and ranged from 18 to 78 years. 25.4% of participants had dual infection, 99% due to Plasmodium falciparum species. Mean MPDC was 265 ± 31.8 (SD) cells/μl and ranged from 20 to 2500 cells/μl. Dual infection was highest (37.5%) among respondents in the age group ≥60 years. Prevalence was similar among other age groups (p=0.165) and gender (p=0.942). Of the 16 hematological parameters evaluated, 11 showed significant difference between HIV mono-infected and dual infected participants. Of the 11 parameters, only 7 (Hb, MCHC, red cells count, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, and red cell distribution width) were significantly predictive of changes with respect to MPDC. Conclusions. MPDC was significantly predictive of changes in 7 hematological parameters among dual infected participants in these settings. In routine malaria diagnosis, MPDC determination with respect to changes in some hematological parameters should be considered in ART programs for improved patient management.

scholarly journals Cobalamin, Folate and Pyridoxal 5- Phosphate Level of Smokers in Calabar Cross River State

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 15s-15s
Author(s):  
I. Okafor ◽  
G. Uzoma ◽  
L. Nvani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Phosphate Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Smoking among individuals remains a major health problem worldwide as it is associated with certain disease conditions and decrease in concentration of several vitamins. Aim: This study was aimed at providing information on cobalamin, folate and pyridoxal 5-phosphate levels of male cigarette smokers within Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Methods: Ninety adult male subjects participated in the study with 60 as cigarette smokers and 30 as nonsmokers. Serum cobalamin and folate levels were estimated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique while packed cell volume was estimated using microhematocrit method. Vitamin B6 status was determined using fasting plasma concentrations of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. Plasma PLP was measured by quantification of its semicarbazide derivative using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results: Results show that male cigarette smokers had significantly higher packed cell volume ( P = 0.014) and serum cobalamin ( P = 0.005) and there was no significant difference in folate level of cigarette smokers ( P = 0.375) when compared with noncigarette smokers. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate was found to be significantly higher ( P = 0.00) in nonsmokers when compared with smokers. It was also shown that duration of smoking does not have significant effect on the serum level of cobalamin (0.09), folate ( P = 0.06) and pyridoxal 5-phosphate (0.15) respectively. The result also show that there was no significant correlation ( P = 0.095, 0.085 and 0.197) between number of sticks smoked per day and serum cobalamin, folate and pyridoxal 5-phosphate level of male cigarette smokers respectively. Conclusion: While smoking is known to have hazardous effect on health, this study has shown that smoking and duration of smoking does not affect serum cobalamin, folate and pyridoxal 5-phosphate level of male cigarette smokers living within Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals The transcriptome of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium ashfordi displays host-specific gene expression

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Videvall ◽  
Charlie K. Cornwallis ◽  
Dag Ahrén ◽  
Vaidas Palinauskas ◽  
Gediminas Valkiūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasite

AbstractMalaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) include some of the world’s most widespread and virulent pathogens. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms these parasites use to invade and exploit hosts other than mice and primates is, however, extremely limited. It is therefore imperative to characterize transcriptome-wide gene expression from non-model malaria parasites and how this varies across host individuals. Here, we used high-throughput Illumina RNA-sequencing on blood from wild-caught Eurasian siskins experimentally infected with a clonal strain of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium ashfordi (lineage GRW2). By using a multi-step approach to filter out host transcripts, we successfully assembled the blood-stage transcriptome of P. ashfordi. A total of 11 954 expressed transcripts were identified, and 7 860 were annotated with protein information. We quantified gene expression levels of all parasite transcripts across three hosts during two infection stages – peak and decreasing parasitemia. Interestingly, parasites from the same host displayed remarkably similar expression profiles during different infection stages, but showed large differences across hosts, indicating that P. ashfordi may adjust its gene expression to specific host individuals. We further show that the majority of transcripts are most similar to the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and a large number of red blood cell invasion genes were discovered, suggesting evolutionary conserved invasion strategies between mammalian and avian Plasmodium. The transcriptome of P. ashfordi and its host-specific gene expression advances our understanding of Plasmodium plasticity and is a valuable resource as it allows for further studies analysing gene evolution and comparisons of parasite gene expression.

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