Waste, Product and By-product in EU Waste Law

elni Review ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Carlos da Silva Campos
Keyword(s):  
Waste Product ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Product Definition ◽  
By Products

The European Parliament voted to include a “by-product” definition in the Waste Framework Directive. A few days later, the Commission came up with an “Interpretative Communication”. The purpose of this article is to find a way of exploring the “new” definition of by-products in order to find more utility than disturbance.

Performance of Moringa oliefera as a biosorbent for chromium removal

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghebremichael ◽  
N. Gebremedhin ◽  
G. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Waste Product ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Seed Husk ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
By Products ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed ◽  
Maximum Removal

This study investigated adsorption of chromium on to a bio-adsorbent, Moringa oleifera seed. Different by-products of the seed processing were used as adsorbents. These include: the Whole Seed Powder (WSP), the Residue after Coagulant Extraction (RaCE) and an Activated Carbon (AC) prepared from the seed husk. Adsorption studies for the removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were carried out in batch experiments and the effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and initial chromium concentration were analysed. Experimental results showed that maximum removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was observed at pH 7 and pH 2, respectively. The percentage removals of Cr(III) by WSP, RaCE and AC were: 97, 94 and 99.9%, respectively. And the percentage removals of Cr(VI) by RaCE and AC were 47 and 83.2%, respectively. RaCE showed similar adsorption capacity to the WSP, which indicates that it is possible to extract a coagulant and use the waste product for adsorption. By using the RaCE, residual dissolved organic carbon in the treated water was significantly reduced compared to using the WSP. These results indicate that biomaterials can be considered as potential adsorbents for heavy metals removal from water or wastewater systems.

scholarly journals Pojęcie niezgodności rzeczy sprzedanej z umową

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Sylwia Zemła
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Legal Statement ◽  
New Form ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Definition Of

This article deals with the question of the incompatibility of a sold object with the contract. Before the act of consumer’s rights of 30 May 2014 entered into force, the term in use had been warranty and responsibility on the basis of incompatibility of the consumption item. At present, the regime of responsibility has been unified. One of the main changes included in the act of consumer’s rights is indeed the new form of the hitherto used definition of a physical defect. In the present law state, the priority is given to contractual arrangements, which were made by the parties while concluding the contract. In case no as such agreements are drawn, one should be guided by the objective occurrence included in Art. 5561 §1 c.c., which enables to state if a physical defect of the sold object has occurred. In comparison with the former legal statement of Art. 5561 c.c., the amendment is far more expanded and brings out a plethora of doubts con cerning its interpretation. This article discusses particular subsections and paragraphs of Art. 5561 c.c. simultaneously including research on realistic possibilities of using the laws mentioned above. An attempt to assess the changes has been made. Doubts arise with reference to Art. 5561 §2 c.c. and 5561 §3 c.c., where one is not able to state clearly the accuracy of solutions implemented from the directive 1999/44/WE of the European Parliament and the Committee of 25 May 1999 in terms of certain aspects of consumption items of trade and connected with these, warranties of 25 May 1999 on the basis of Polish law.

Looking for Patterns

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Talia Dan-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Observational Skills ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
By Products

This chapter focuses on ambiguous experimental results, paying close attention to experimental processes and tracking the ways that practitioners tackle, reason, and think through puzzling experimental results. It investigates the context of experiments with modified life-forms and experimental results that take the form of a vast array of biotic not-quites. It also highlights organismic by-products that point in various directions when it comes to figuring out how much control synthetic biologists have over their designs and what steps should be taken as correctives. The chapter explains how experiments often come packaged together with the choices, standards, and observational skills of others. It discusses the problem of the definition of growth that was deferred through the delineation of a category for the indeterminate results.

Article 83 TFEU

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Bogensberger
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Serious Crime ◽  
Legislative Procedure ◽  
Ordinary Legislative Procedure ◽  
Definition Of

Article 31 TEU The European Parliament and the Council may, by means of directives adopted in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, establish minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions in the areas of particularly serious crime with a cross-border dimension resulting from the nature or impact of such offences or from a special need to combat them on a common basis.

Exploration of Non-Revolved Parts Modeling Based on MBD and Pro/ENGINEER

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 1171-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xin Wang ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Ming Yue Guo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Great Change ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Boeing Company ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Product Definition

A great change in mechanical industry has occurred after several successful practices using MBD (Model Based Definition) of The Boeing Company. It is an inevitable trend from two-dimensional product definition to three-dimensional product definition in mechanical industry. Several standards for MBD have emerged around the world. This paper explores the non-revolved parts modeling methods based on MBD and Pro/ENGINEER, presents several key steps about full-annotated model per MBD and then makes a conclusion. Following these methods we successfully build a typical non-revolved model which conforms to MBD standards correctly and efficiently.

scholarly journals Applications of Compounds from Coffee Processing By-Products

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Iriondo-DeHond ◽  
Maite Iriondo-DeHond ◽  
María Dolores del Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
By Products

To obtain the coffee beverage, approximately 90% of the edible parts of the coffee cherry are discarded as agricultural waste or by-products (cascara or husk, parchment, mucilage, silverskin and spent coffee grounds). These by-products are a potential source of nutrients and non-nutrient health-promoting compounds, which can be used as a whole ingredient or as an enriched extract of a specific compound. The chemical composition of by-products also determines food safety of the novel ingredients. To ensure the food safety of coffee by-products to be used as novel ingredients for the general consumer population, pesticides, mycotoxins, acrylamide and gluten must be analyzed. According with the priorities proposed by the Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to maximize the benefit for the environment, society and economy, food waste generation should be avoided in the first place. In this context, the valorization of food waste can be carried out through an integrated bio-refinery approach to produce nutrients and bioactive molecules for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and non-food applications. The present research is an updated literature review of the definition of coffee by-products, their composition, safety and those food applications which have been proposed or made commercially available to date based on their chemical composition.

scholarly journals Adsorption of indium by waste biomass of brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Pennesi ◽  
Alessia Amato ◽  
Stefano Occhialini ◽  
Alan T. Critchley ◽  
Cecilia Totti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe biosorption capacities of dried meal and a waste product from the processing for biostimulant extract of Ascophyllum nodosum were evaluated as candidates for low-cost, effective biomaterials for the recovery of indium(III). The use of indium has significantly grown in the last decade, because of its utilization in hi-tech. Two formats were evaluated as biosorbents: waste-biomass, a residue derived from the alkaline extraction of a commercial, biostimulant product, and natural-biomass which was harvested, dried and milled as a commercial, “kelp meal” product. Two systems have been evaluated: ideal system with indium only, and double metal-system with indium and iron, where two different levels of iron were investigated. For both systems, the indium biosorption by the brown algal biomass was found to be pH-dependent, with an optimum at pH3. In the ideal system, indium adsorption was higher (maximum adsorptions of 48 mg/g for the processed, waste biomass and 63 mg/g for the natural biomass), than in the double metal-system where the maximum adsorption was with iron at 0.07 g/L. Good values of indium adsorption were demonstrated in both the ideal and double systems: there was competition between the iron and indium ions for the binding sites available in the A. nodosum-derived materials. Data suggested that the processed, waste biomass of the algae, could be a good biosorbent for its indium absorption properties. This had the double advantages of both recovery of indium (high economic importance), and also definition of a virtuous circular economic innovative strategy, whereby a waste becomes a valuable resource.

The Definition of 3D Full-Information Model of Aircraft Machining Parts

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1464-1467
Author(s):  
Li Gang Qu ◽  
Shuang Zheng ◽  
Xiao Guang Han
Keyword(s):  
Information Model ◽  
Basic Theory ◽  
Digital Manufacturing ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Digital Product ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Product Definition ◽  
Tree Method

In order to construct the frame-work of digital product definition for airplane lifecycle, the basic theory and technical hierarchy of the definition of 3D full-information model have been introduced, and the corresponding full-information model is established in the tree method. The result of this work will be the transforming power from traditional manufacturing to digital manufacturing pat-tern.

scholarly journals DEFINING OPTIMAL LOCATIONS OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND TRANSPORTATION ROUTES FOR TREATMENT AND STORAGE OF ANIMAL WASTE

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza PONJAVIC ◽  
Sanja CELEBICANIN ◽  
Slavoljub STANOJEVIC ◽  
Melisa GAZDIC
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
By Products

In order to ensure a high level of public health and animal health protection inBosnia and Herzegovina, it is necessary to improve the existing and/or providequality management of animal by-products, i.e. to establish an infrastructure forquality and efficient treatment/disposal of animal by-products and waste of animalorigin. This implies a wide range of activities in this field, such as measures toimprove the legal and institutional framework, better data system management,establishment of by-product management model including transport solutions andtechnologies and provision of an adequate financial framework and sources offunding. At this point, the issue of management of animal by-products and animalwaste in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has not been adequately addressed andposes a threat to both human and animal health. In this regard, establishment of asustainable management system for animal by-products and animal waste is ofutmost importance for further development of BiH agriculture. Inadequatemanagement of animal by-products and animal waste poses a huge threat to theenvironment, endangering natural resources, watercourses, sources of drinkingwater, soil and atmosphere. This paper presents some of the activities related toestablishment of this infrastructure, relating to the methodology of selection oflocations for central plant and intermediate establishments for treatment andcollection of animal waste and the definition of optimal transport routes andtransport capacities.

The Use of Application Model Validation in Testing a Proposed Standard

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Data Modeling ◽  
Enterprise Integration ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Information Requirements ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Development Perspective ◽  
Product Definition ◽  
Logical Data ◽  
Integration Effort

Abstract From an information system development perspective, logical data modeling techniques have traditionally served in two roles. The first role is as a method of describing the information requirements of an application system. The second role is as a mechanism for integrating the requirements from a number of applications into a single logical and consistent schema so that data can be shared by multiple applications. The Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) project is developing an international standard1 which uses data modeling as the basis for a multi-national and multi-enterprise integration effort. STEP is designed to provide a complete, unambiguous, computer-readable definition of the characteristics of a product throughout its life cycle. STEP product definition specifications are implementation independent, though implementation interface techniques provide the communication mechanisms for applications using file exchanges2 or shared databases. Because of the diversity of applications that are within the scope of STEP, the integration generally causes extensive changes but the changes are justified if all of the information requirements are supported.

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