scholarly journals DEMETRIOS CHOMATIANOS’ ACCOUNTS OF THE EARLIEST HISTORY OF BULGARIANS AND THE POSSIBLE ORIGIN OF THREE TOPONYMS FROM THE BULGARIAN NORTHERN BLACK SEA COAST

2021 ◽  
Vol XXХII A (1) ◽  
pp. 7-31
Author(s):  
Stanislava Tsaneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sea Coast

This article examines one of the latest and most controversial pieces of information about the origin of the Bulgars . In our attempt to establish its historical credibility, we compared the most important Greek and Old Bulgarian copies of St. Clement of Ohrid’s Life, and suggested a date and possible ideological motives behind the creation of so-called „Moesian legend”. Special attention is paid to the coincidence between the names of the modern Bulgarian cities and towns of Varna, Kavarna and Shabla and the toponyms registered in the Hittite inventory inscriptions of the 2nd millennium BCE.

Gut Microbiota Patterns in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Patients from Romanian Black Sea Coast Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2260-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Iulia Suceveanu ◽  
Anca Pantea Stoian ◽  
Irinel Parepa ◽  
Claudia Voinea ◽  
Razvan Hainarosie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coast Region ◽  
Sea Coast

Gut microbiota plays a major role in the process of food absorption and low grade inflammation, two key steps in obesity and diabetes mellitus occurrence. Gut microbiota metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA), have an important impact over the metabolic pathways like insulin signalling, incretin production and inflammation. [1-3] We aimed to study the microbiota patterns in obese and T2D patients from Black Sea Coast region, considering the ethnic mixture, environmental and geographical particularities, involving diet or various habits in this area. 100 patients and 100 controls matched by age, gender and ethnicity were studied regarding feaces predominance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. We compared the results of microbiota patterns from patients to those obtained in a similar control group of healthy subjects. The standard pour plate 0.05% L-cystine enriched method was used to obtain the bacterial cultures and anaerobic conditions. Morphological and biochemical tests were used to identify the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. Fecal organic acid concentrations were explored in frozen samples. The association between bacterial counts/organic acid concentrations and independent variables, including age, diet, ethnicity and other risk factors were calculated using multivariable linear regression analysis. Pearson�s correlation coefficients were calculated to detect associations between fecal bacteria counts/organic acid concentrations and laboratory variables (serum biomarkers, body mass index, age, and severity of obesity/T2D according to international scales). Junk and sweet diets, lack of physical activity and familial aggregation of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes were significantly more often present in our T2D/obese patients than in controls. The bacterial counts of the L. acidophilus, L plantarum and L. reuteri subgroups of Lactobacillus sp were significantly lower among patients with T2D and obesity than in controls. The counting of Bifidobacterium spp revealed a higher presence of B. bifidum in controls than in obese or T2D patients. Diet type (junk food and sweets), BMI (]25) and personal history of metabolic disorders were associated with decreased counts of L acidophilus and increased counts of L. fermentum and B. adolescentis in T2D patients. Ethnicity, metabolic disorders history and junk and sweet diet were associated with low counts of L. acidophilus and L. reuteri and low counts of B. longum. Junk and sweet diet was associated with low counts of B. bifidum. Romanian ethnicity and metabolic disorders were associated with low counts of B. choerinum at obese patients, independent of age or previous antidiabetic treatments. The concentrations of acetic and butyric acids were significantly lower in all patients groups, while the concentrations of valeric acid were significantly higher in patients with untreated T2D and obese patients compared to the controls. Low counts of L. acidophilus and L. reuteri were positively correlated with the increased levels of HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, TG and inflammatory markers such as CRP, ESR and IL-6, no matter of diet, age, ethnicity or metabolic disorders history. Also, low counts of B. bifidum and B. infantis were positively correlated with high levels of CRP, IL-6 and TG. In obese patients, statistic analysis results showed that low counts of L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. johnsonii and L. reuteri were positively associated with increased levels of CPR, IL-6 and TG, while low counts of B. bifidum, B infantis and B. breve were positively correlated with higher counts of CPR, LDL cholesterol and TG. Low counts of B. bifidum and B choerinum were positively correlated with low counts of HDL cholesterol in Romanian ethnicity patients and in those with previous metabolic disorders. Low bacterial counts of some particular strains of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp were positively correlated with diet type, BMI, Romanian ethnicity and personal history of metabolic disorders obese and T2D patients from Romanian Black Sea Coast Region.

scholarly journals A 5600-yr history of changing vegetation, sea levels and human impacts from the Black Sea coast of Georgia

The Holocene ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon E. Connor ◽  
Ian Thomas ◽  
Eliso V. Kvavadze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast

scholarly journals Review of the Materials of the Baron F. F. Turnau’s Military Survey Expeditions on the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus in the 1830s

2020 ◽  
pp. 664-675
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Military History ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
General Staff ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Sea Coast

The article analyses the corpus of documents from the fonds of the Russian State Military History Archive, formed in the 1830s during the General Staff officer Feodor Turnau’s expeditions of to the Black Sea coast zone, which lay outside the Imperial control. Although his activities among the Circassian tribes can be termed one of the best Russian secret scouting missions and his memoirs published in 1864 are still considered an important source for studying the military and political history of the region, materials and reports of the survey missions have never been examined in modern Caucasus studies. The author compares the data included by Turnau in his secret reports to the Imperial authorities with what he mentioned in his memoirs. It shows which issues the Imperial authorities and the Caucasus Army command were interested in during the Russo-highlanders confrontation of the second half of the 1830s. The materials collected by F. F. Turnau can be useful not only in terms of clarifying certain aspects of his personal activities, but also in demonstrating the running of secret survey scouting in unexplored and dangerous ethnic territories off the Imperial frontier. They show high erudition and good training of the candidates selected from the ranks of the General Staff officers to run these scouting missions. The correspondence of the Caucasus Army commander with the central authorities in St. Petersburg on the issue of Turnau’s captivity shows differences in their understanding of the Russo-Caucasus relations. The author comes to the conclusion that the corpus of collected materials on topography, ethnography, political and cultural description of the Transkubanian region peoples could have formed a basis for a revision of the Imperial stand on the subjugation of tribal groups. Although this political alternative was missed, the materials collected by Turnau became a precious addition to the Caucasus studies source base.

scholarly journals Late Eneolithic and Bronze Age Prologue Pontic Societies. Forest-Steppe Middle Dniester and Prut Drainage Basins in the 4Th/3Rd-2Nd Millennium Bc: A History of Investigations

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Ivanova ◽  
Gennadiy N. Toschev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Sea Coast

Abstract The paper presents a historiographic context helpful in the current investigations of the cultural contacts between the societies of the east and west of Europe in the borderland of Podolia and Moldova in the Late Eneolithic and the prologue of the Bronze Age. The focus is on the state of research (chiefly taxonomic and topogenetic) into the sequence of taxa in the age of early ‘barrow-building’, identified in the funerary rituals of societies settling the forest-steppe of the northwestern Black Sea Coast in the 4th/3rd-2nd millennium BC.

Hieromonk Arseniy (Worldly Aleksandr Minin) — Founder of the New Athos Monastery Named After Simon the Canaanean

2021 ◽  
pp. 234-272
Author(s):  
Marina I. Shcherbakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Publishing Activity ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast

The article presents an outline of the life of Hieromonk Arseniy (worldly Aleksandr Minin) — founder and first builder of the New Athos Monastery named after Simon the Canaanean. According to the preserved sources, his path is traced, which preceded the trip to Athos. Upon arrival at the Holy Mountain of Athos, Aleksandr Minin carried out various assignments of the elders in the monastery. The return to Russia was associated with a new taking of God’s orders by collecting donations for Panteleimon Russian Monastery on Athos. Vigorous activity about Arseny consisted in the arrangement of a permanent monastery courtyard in Moscow, a chapel, where the Athonite shrines brought by him were preserved. Fr. Arseny stood at the origins of the publishing activity of the Athos Saint Panteleimon Monastery, founded in 1878 in Moscow its periodical “The Soul-Saving Reflections” (“The Soul-Saving Interlocutor”). He himself wrote a lot, mainly spiritual and moral instructions, instructive letters. In the mid- 1870s Fr. Arseniy’s taking of God’s orders was supplemented with one more, more difficult one — the response to the oppression of the Russian monks on the Holy Mountain, he was instructed to find a place on the Black Sea coast where a monastery could be built, a certain prototype of Russik, where its monastic traditions and Rule would be observed. Fr. Arseniy found such a place near Sukhumi, where there was a destroyed church in the name of St. the Apostle Simon the Canaanean. In 1875 the dispensation of the New Athos Monastery named after Simon the Canaanean began. For the history of the monastery, information about its founder is of absolute value.

Mythic Geography, Barbarian Identities: The Pygmies in Thrace

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
Anca Dan
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Pliny The Elder ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Northern Country ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Civilized World

AbstractThe presence of Pygmies in Thrace is neither a misunderstanding nor a fantasy of Pliny the Elder: this reference, confirmed by Stephanus of Byzantium, can be explained through the history of the Pygmies, mythic people mentioned in theIliadand integrated in the Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, Medieval and Renaissance descriptions of the inhabited world. The modern historian can reveal the reasons that made the Greeks and Romans locate these little men in the northern country of the cranes: the indigenous, under-earth houses of Dobrodgea and the abandoned caves in the region of Yailata as well as the Greek toponymy imported from the Aegean nourished the imagination of the Greeks and their stories about the Euxine Pontus, colonized by Milesians and Megarians. These observations contribute not only to a better understanding of the geography and ethnography of the western Black Sea coast, but also throw light on the process of “inventing” foreign peoples, at the center but also at the periphery of the civilized world, on the basis of racial, geographic and historical otherness, by taking into account the everlasting authority of the literary tradition.

Journeys into Slavery along the Black Sea Coast, c. 550-450 BCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-94
Author(s):  
Christopher Stedman Parmenter
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Sea Coast

This article argues that descriptions of the Black Sea found in the Archaic poets, Herodotus, and later geographers were influenced by commercial itineraries circulated amongst Greek slave traders in the north. Drawing on an epigraphic corpus of twenty-three merchant letters from the region dating between c. 550 and 450 BCE, I contrast the travels of enslaved persons recorded in the documents with stylized descriptions found in literary accounts. This article finds that slaves took a variety of routes into—and out of—slavery, and that fear of enslavement was widely felt even among Greeks. Law courts might have been as important as “barbarian” warfare in ensnaring captives for export, and even slave traders themselves risked enslavement alongside their victims. Reconstructing the travels of individual slaves allows us to pursue a study in the spirit of what Joseph C. Miller has called the “biographical turn” in the study of slavery, privileging the experiences of the enslaved over the accounts of their masters. Although the lands around the distant Black Sea were never the leading source of slaves for Aegean cities, the wealth of primary testimony from the region puts it at the forefront in the history of slavery in ancient Greece.

scholarly journals Decapitation and Dynamite: The Mutilated Mountainside Monument of Gaius Julius Aquila on the Coast of Bithynia et Pontus

CLARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Silvia
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Public Art ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Phase ◽  
Sea Coast

The Roman monument locally known as Kuşkayası Yol Anıtı (literally bird rock road monument) in Turkish is an arresting site carved in relief on a mountainside. Its decapitated figures have hewn limbs, and dynamite has blasted out large chunks of the monument. Though scholars have tangentially touched upon Kuşkayası, there is little analysis of its visual symbolism and the mutilated human figure’s identity and destruction have been mysteries. This paper will analyse the monument and explicate its noteworthy blend of Roman Imperial and local iconography, a syncretistic design which participates in the Romanization of Bithynia et Pontus and legitimizes the monument’s builder Gaius Julius Aquila. Next, this paper will argue that the mysterious beheaded figure likely represents Aquila rather than Emperor Claudius. Finally, this paper will forward that Kuşkayası was the victim of Christian mutilation in Late Antiquity during its initial phase of destruction, and treasure hunters in its most recent phase. Kuşkayası represents an innovative symbolic composition and speaks both to the syncretistic public art tradition and the history of the destruction of antiquities on the Black Sea coast.  

«Just as if you pay a visit to paradise and forget about everything…» Essay by E. Dyakonova about Abkhazia

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-338
Author(s):  
Marina S. Krutova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Russian Woman ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
As If

The Department of Manuscripts of the RSL contains a little-known essay “On Black Sea Coast” by Yelizaveta D’yakonova, included in the “Diary of a Russian Woman”. The young female writer presents the information she knows about the history of Abkhazia and the New Athos Monastery named after Simon the Canaanean, she shares her impressions of her stay in these places. The facts from the history of Abkhazia cited in the essay may have been gleaned by her from various publications with which she could get acquainted while living in Abkhazia or already upon her arrival in St. Petersburg. This work is only a part of her notes, written in Abkhazia, as there are still more extensive rough notes, which she probably also wanted to include in her “Diary...”.

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