scholarly journals MENOPAUSE (RAJO NIVRUTTI) AND OBESITY (STHOULYA) - A CRITICAL REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 5115-5120
Author(s):  
Usha K S ◽  
Gurdip Singh
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Female Population

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the recent years. Modern lifestyle and dietary habits often take the blame for its rise. Obesity acts as a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, hypertension. Obesity is also outcome of many changes in the body. One of the causes of obesity in female population is menopause. Since menopause brings along with it a plethora of ailments, obesity is treated as any other lifestyle disorder. There is a need to study Sthoulya (obesity) through the aetiological factor mentioned by Charaka as Javoparodha or explained by Chakrapani as Jaroparodha- early onset of old age. There is an urgent need to treat obesity from the per-spective of menopause. Menopause can occur at any age from 45-55 years. But the aftereffects of meno-pause may persist well into the age of 65-70 years. In the next decade there will be a rise in the geriatric population by 56% in the world. In India geriatric population will be 12.5% of the total population. Ac-cording to the national census of 2011in India, there are 53 million females in the elderly population com-pared to the male population of 51 million. The female geriatric population may have a completely differ-ent set of ailments compared to that of male geriatric population. Hence Sthoulya due to menopause should be considered a separate disease entity and the management should be that of hormonal rehabilitation than just replacement.

scholarly journals Impacts of Dual-Income Household Rate on Suicide Mortalities in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5670
Author(s):  
Misaki Nakamoto ◽  
Takatoshi Nakagawa ◽  
Masahiko Murata ◽  
Motohiro Okada
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Income Household ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Dual Income ◽  
Work Family

To explore impact of enhancing social advancement of females in Japan, this study determined the effects of the dual-income household rate on suicide mortalities disaggregated by attributes of gender, age, and motives between 2009 and 2017 in Japan. This study analysed impact of dual-income household rate, other household-related factors (savings, liabilities and yearly incomes per household, minors and elderly rate per household), and social/employment factors (complete unemployment rate, employment rate, temporary male and female employment rates and certification rate of long-term care insurance) on suicide mortalities disaggregated by attributes of gender, age, and motives using hierarchical linear-regression model. Dual-income household rate was significantly/negatively related to suicide mortality of the working-age female population, but significantly/positively related to that of the elderly female population. Suicide mortalities of the working-age male population and the elderly male population were significantly/positively related to dual-income household rate. Male suicide mortalities caused by family-, health-, economy- and employment-related motives were significantly/positively related to dual-income household rate; however, the dual-income household rate was significantly/positively related to female suicide mortalities caused by family-, health-, economy- and school-related motives, but significantly/negatively related to suicide mortalities caused by romance-related motives. Dual-income households suppress social-isolation and develop economical/psychological independence of females, leading to reduced suicide mortality in working-age females. However, elderly and school-age populations, who are supported by the working-age female, suffer from isolation. Working-age males also suffer from inability to adapt from the traditional concept of work–life and work–family balances to the novel work–family balance concept adapted to dual-income households. These results suggest occurrence of new social/family problems in the 21st century due to vulnerability of traditional Japanese culture and life–working–family balance concepts as well as novel sociofamilial disturbances induced by declining birth rate and ageing population in Japan.

scholarly journals “Perrotta Psychotherapeutic Protocol for Disorders of the Neurotic Area” (PPP-DNA): Proposal of protocol, profiles and clinical applications. Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 010-018
Author(s):  
Perrotta Giulio
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Male Group

Purpose: This research addresses the topic of anxiety, phobic and obsessive disorders. In this research, the theme is addressed to the psychopathological investigation of personalities, according to the PICI-2TA model (Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews, version 2-TA), the PAD-Q (Perrotta Affective Dependency Questionnaire), the PSM (Perrotta Sexual Matrix), the PDM-Q (Perrotta Defence Mechanisms Questionnaire) and the PHEM model (Perrotta Human Emotions Model), in order to design a direct and functional psychotherapeutic protocol to manage the psychopathological process in the shortest time possible, according to the principles of efficiency, effectiveness and economy, trying to reduce the symptomatology until the total regression by the fifth-tenth session. Methods: Clinical interview and administration of the PICI-2, the PAD-Q, the PSM, and the PDM-Q. Results: In the male group, aged 18-36 years, there were 8 people, of whom 6 (75%) reacted to the total resolution of the neurotic symptomatology described between the fifth and ninth sessions, while only 2 (25%) said they felt their neurotic symptoms had subsided. In the male group, aged 37-54 years, there are 5 people, of whom 4 (80%) reacted to the total resolution of neurotic symptomatology described between the fifth and ninth sessions. In the male group, aged 55-72 years, there were 6 people, of whom 4 (66.6%) reacted to the total resolution of neurotic symptoms described between the ninth and tenth sessions. In the female group, aged 18-36 years, there were 22 people, of whom 18 (82%) reacted to the total resolution of neurotic symptoms described between the fifth and ninth sessions. In the female group, aged 37-54 years, there were 13 people, of whom 9 (69.2%) reacted to the total resolution of neurotic symptoms described between the fifth and ninth session. In the female group, aged 55-72 years, there were 11 people, of whom 8 (72.7%) reacted to the total resolution of neurotic symptoms described between the fifth and ninth sessions. Conclusions: The research showed that the PPP-DNA protocol, for neurotic disorders, was effective in the total population sample for 74.36%, for the fractionated male population sample for 73.86% and for the fractionated female population sample for 74.86%, with resistance to change identified in adverse conditions of family, environmental, socio-cultural and temporal type (of duration of neurotic symptomatology), however able to promote an attenuation of the symptomatology suffered by at least 50%.

Suicide and Aging in Japan: An Examination of Treated Elderly Suicide Attempters

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Takahashi ◽  
Hideto Hirasawa ◽  
Keiko Koyama ◽  
Osamu Asakawa ◽  
Matazo Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Public ◽  
Geriatric Hospital ◽  
Elderly Japanese ◽  
Elderly Suicide

Although individuals aged 65 and over accounted for 12% of the total population of Japan in 1990, suicides in this age group consisted of 29% of all suicides. The elderly population of Japan is expected to grow rapidly to 24% of the total population by the year 2020, and suicide prevention for the elderly is an urgent mental health problem. Among a total of 1,216 elderly patients who were admitted to the Department of Psychiatry at Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital between April 1980 and March 1990, 50 were hospitalized immediately after suicide attempts in order to study their psychosociomedical problems. Because early diagnosis of depression and initiation of proper treatment are indispensable—even if patients do not show obvious depressive symptoms—those who develop persistent somatization and/or delirium should be considered highly suicidal and given special attention. With the cooperation of mental health professionals, it is necessary to educate general practitioners, the public, and the elderly themselves about characteristics of psychiatric disorders and various problems associated with aging. Further research on other elderly Japanese populations, as well as research that examines suicide completion, is needed to confirm the findings of the present study.

scholarly journals Differential susceptibility according to gender in the association between air pollution and mortality from respiratory diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1827-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Sacramento de Oliveira ◽  
Antônio Ponce de Leon ◽  
Inês Echenique Mattos ◽  
Sérgio Koifman
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Increase In Risk

This study analyzed the association between air pollution and deaths from respiratory diseases, considering differential susceptibility according to gender. The authors used daily deaths from respiratory diseases (ICD-10, J00-J99), PM10, SO2, and O3 levels, and meteorological indicators in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, from January 2002 to December 2006. The association was estimated by Poisson regression using generalized additive models, where the increase in risk of deaths from PM10 to lag 1 was 10.01% (95%CI: 1.81-18.88%) in the total female population and 10.04% (95%CI: 0.90-20.02%) in elderly women. The increase in risk of deaths from PM10 to lag 9 was 8.25% in the total male population (95%CI: 0.86-16.18%) and 10.80% (95%CI: 2.18-20.15%) in elderly men. For exposure to SO2 and O3, the risk was significant in the total male population and the elderly, respectively. The results emphasize the need for further studies, focusing on modification of the effects of air pollution on health.

scholarly journals Selenium and Mortality in the Elderly: Results from the EVA Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2117-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Tasnime Akbaraly ◽  
Josiane Arnaud ◽  
Isabelle Hininger-Favier ◽  
Veronique Gourlet ◽  
Anne-Marie Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Low Selenium

Abstract Background: Inadequate plasma selenium can adversely affect the maintenance of optimal health; therefore, reported decreases in plasma selenium in an aging population are cause for concern. To further examine this hypothesis, we explored the relationships between plasma selenium and mortality in an elderly population: the EVA (Etude du Vieillissement Artériel) study. Methods: The EVA study was a 9-year longitudinal study with 6 periods of follow-up. During the 2-year period from 1991 to 1993 (EVA0), 1389 men and women born between 1922 and 1932 were recruited. The effects of plasma selenium at baseline on mortality were determined by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, adjusting for the following variables: sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, health, and cognitive factors. Results: During the 9-year follow-up, 101 study participants died. Baseline plasma selenium was higher in individuals who were alive at the end of follow-up [mean (SD), 1.10 (0.20) μmol/L] than in those who died during the follow-up [1.01 (0.20) μmol/L; P <10−4]. Mortality rates were significantly higher in individuals with low selenium [increments = 0.2 μmol/L; relative risk (RR) = 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.28–1.89)]. After we controlled for various potential confounding factors, this association remained significant [RR = 1.54 (1.25–1.88)]. When the underlying causes of death were considered, we found an association with cancer-related mortality [adjusted RR = 1.79 (1.32–2.44)]. Conclusions: Even if it is premature to present selenium as a longevity indicator in an elderly population, our results are in accordance those of large, interventional, randomized trials with selenium, which suggest that this essential trace element plays a role in health maintenance in aging individuals.

scholarly journals Recent trends in HIV prevalence in a remote setting of southern India: Insights into arranging HIV control policies

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 838-843
Author(s):  
Ramalingam Sekar ◽  
Murugesan Amudhan ◽  
Moorthy Sivashankar ◽  
Manoharan Mythreyee
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Integrated Counseling

Introduction: Constant vigilance of the dynamics of HIV prevalence is important in estimating, regulating, and implementing prevention programs. The objective of this study was to investigate the trend in the prevalence of HIV infection over six years among specific demographic groups in the remote district of southern India. Methodology: All high-risk attendees of the Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre, Government Theni Medical College between April 2005 and December 2010 were included in this study. Characteristics including age, sex, place of residence, literacy, and HIV sero-status were collected as per the guidelines of the National AIDS Control Organization. Results: A total of 50,043 data sets were analyzed; 3,282 (6.6%) tested positive for HIV infection. The prevalence of HIV infection among the ≤ 25 age group was significantly lower as compared to the elderly (4.4% vs. 6.9%; odds ratio 0.62; 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.71; p < 0.01). There was a decline in HIV prevalence among both age groups (Ptrend < 0.01 for ≤ 25 year-old; – 82.3% and Ptrend < 0.01 for > 25-year old, – 14.2%), males (Ptrend < 0.01; – 50.9%), the urban population (Ptrend < 0.01; – 45.9%), and illiterates (Ptrend < 0.01; – 68%). The trend of HIV prevalence among females (Ptrend = 0.48; +9.1%), the rural population (Ptrend = 0.95; – 7.1%), and literate population (Ptrend = 0.44; +28%) was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: HIV prevalence is stable in the female population, while it is decreasing in male population, indicating that current interventions must be strengthened to reduce HIV prevalence among females.

scholarly journals Rising Educational Levels Contribute to Compression of Morbidity. A Multi-State Life Table Analysis of the Netherlands 1995-2015

2002 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
E. Kunst Anton ◽  
M. A. Joung Inez ◽  
J. Nusselder Wilma ◽  
W. N. Looman Caspar ◽  
P. Mackenbach Johan
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
Compression Of Morbidity ◽  
Increase Life Expectancy ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Table Analysis

Objective: This paper assesses whether the future rise in educational levels of theelderly may not only increase life expectancy (LE) but also at the same timecontribute to a reduction in life expectancy with disability (LED).Methods: For each educational level, LE and LED were estimated from multi-statelife tables with a disabled and non-disabled state. Basic transition rates wereestimated from regression analysis of data of a Dutch longitudinal study. The resultsper educational level were aggregated to the total population for the years 1995,2005 and 2015.Results: In 1995, men in the highest educational level had a 0.9 years longerLE and a 5.4 years shorter LED than men in the lowest level. Differences amongwomen were larger (2.0 and 8.3 years). Due to rising educational levels between1995 and 2015, LE for the total male population would increase by 0.2 years whileLED would decrease by 0.5 years. A larger effect was observed for women(0.2 and 1.5 years).Conclusion: Rising educational levels of the elderly are likely to contribute to acompression of morbidity over the next decades, especially among women.

scholarly journals The Current Situation of the Reform on World Public Pension and Its Enlightenment to China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuna Liu
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Old Age Poverty

From a worldwide perspective, the proportion of the elderly in the total population is increasing. How to maintain the adequacy and fnancial sustainability of pension system will be a formidable challenge for all countries. Most OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries and many emerging market countries have reformed their pensions system. Structural reforms and parametric reforms are main reform measures. Meanwhile, employment promotion of the elderly and alleviating old age poverty are drawing much more attention. It can be concluded that , on the basis of empirical analysis of other countries' reforms and comparative analysis, China should combine measures of raising the retirement age with promoting the age management ; and lower the poverty of older people to ensure that the elderly population can receive adequate retirement income; and extend the coverage of voluntary pension scheme to attract more labor force employed in informal sectors to participate in ,thus increasing retirement income eventually

scholarly journals Acute Appendicitis in the Elderly: A Literature Review on an Increasingly Frequent Surgical Problem

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Sintija Lapsa ◽  
Arturs Ozolins ◽  
Ilze Strumfa ◽  
Janis Gardovskis
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Overall Health Status

With increased life expectancy and the growing total population of elderly patients, there has been rise in the number of cases of acute appendicitis in elderly people. Although acute appendicitis is not the most typical pathological condition in the elderly, it is not uncommon. Most of these patients require surgical treatment, and as with any acute surgical pathology in advanced age, treatment possibilities are affected by comorbidities, overall health status, and an increased risk of complications. In this literature review we discuss differences in acute appendicitis in the elderly population, with a focus on clinical signs, diagnostics, pathogenesis, treatment, and results.

scholarly journals Infections and the elderly

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovan Vukadinov ◽  
Sinisa Sevic ◽  
Grozdana Canak ◽  
Nadezda Madle-Samardzija ◽  
Vesna Turkulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Immunization Rates ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections

Epidemiology Aging is a natural process and a part of our lives, but nowadays there is an increase in the number of persons aged 65 and over. Today infectious diseases are still responsible for one-third of all deaths in the world. The elderly population is most vulnerable to serious infections and at greatest risk for death and complications. Among geriatric population pneumonia and influenza are the fourth most common cause of death Vaccination One of the goals of preventive medicine is to reduce the rate of complications and mortality from infectious diseases by increasing immunization rates. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are indicated for persons aged 65 and over. Despite well-recognized benefit of such vaccination, less than 50% of eligible patients receive the vaccine each year. Infections Older persons generally have increased susceptibility to infections because of multiple risk factors and they are the most vulnerable population to nosocomial and health-care associated infections. Older persons may manifest infectious diseases atypically, with acute confusion or delirium which can lead into delay in diagnosis and therapy. It is important to know that the older present with delayed or poor response to antimicrobial therapy and high rates of adverse reactions to drugs, including antibiotics Conclusion As elderly population is rapidly growing, majority of patients with serious or life-threatening infections are old. Geriatric issues have not typically been a focus of training in infectious diseases, but we must become aware of and knowledgeable about special and unique aspects of infections in this population.

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