scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE THERAPEUTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COMMI-PHORA MUKUL (GUGGULU): A CRITICAL REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2769-2774
Author(s):  
Sonam Sain ◽  
Sangeeta Saini ◽  
Suvitha S.V ◽  
Nilkanth Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
External Application ◽  
Commiphora Mukul

Guggulu has been a key element in the ancient Indian Ayurvedic system of medication. It has been used extensively by Ayurvedic Acharya for thousands of years to treat a large variety of disorders, besides its use in the pharmaceutical and perfume industries. Guggulu is a gum or resin extracted from the plant Commiphora mukul or Guggulu tree. Guggulu is a shrub or small tree belonging to Burseraceae family. a small perennial tree or shrub up to 1.2-1.8 m high, occurring in rocky tracts of Rajasthan, Barar, Khandesh, Maisoor, Kathiyabad, Belari. Exudate is collected during the winter season by making the incisions in the bark or summer, falling from the bark itself1. Guggulu has 5 types that are- Mahishaksha, Mahaneel, Kumuda, Padma, Hiranya. Guggulu is Vishad (non- unctuous), Tikta (bitter), Ushna Virya (hot in potency), increases Pitta, Sara (laxative), Kashaya (astringent), Katu (pungent) in taste, Katu in Vipak (pungent after digestion), Ruksha (causes dryness) and Laghu (light). Chemical compositions of Guggulu are volatile oil, resins and gum, Guggul sterole, Z-guggul sterone, E-guggul sterol-I, II and III, Sesasmine, Cholesterol, Mukolol and other steroids. It has Shothhar, Vedanasthapan, Vranshothan, Vranaropan and Jantughna effects. It uses as an external application in Aamvata, Katishul and Sandhishul. Keywords: Aamvata, Commiphora mukul, Guggulu, Kushtharoga, Sopha, Medoroga

ANTICANCER EFFECT OF UVARIA GENUS

2014 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Thi Bich Hien Le ◽  
Viet Duc Ho ◽  
Thi Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Cancer Activity

Nowadays, cancer treatment has been a big challenge to healthcare systems. Most of clinical anti-cancer therapies are toxic and cause adverse effects to human body. Therefore, current trend in science is seeking and screening of natural compounds which possess antineoplastic activities to utilize in treatment. Uvaria L. - Annonaceae includes approximately 175 species spreading over tropical areas of Asia, Australia, Africa and America. Studies on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Uvaria showed that several compound classes in this genus such as alkaloid, flavonoid, cyclohexen derivaties, acetogenin, steroid, terpenoid, etc. indicate considerable biological activities, for example anti-tumor, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, etc. Specifically, anti-cancer activity of fractions of extract and pure isolated compounds stands out for cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines. This study provides an overview of anti-cancer activity of Uvaria and suggests a potential for further studies on seeking and developing novel anti-cancer compounds. Key words: Anti-cancer, Uvaria.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical evaluation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Atti-Santos ◽  
Marcelo Rossato ◽  
Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti ◽  
Luciana Duarte Rota ◽  
Juarez Ciro Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Nineteen samples of Rosmarinus officinalis were extracted by steam distillation in a pilot plant and evaluated in terms of chemical compositions and physico-chemical characteristics. The volatile oil yields ranged from 0.37% (1999 harvest) to 0.49% (1998 harvest). Twenty components were identified in the oils. The major components were alpha-pinene (40.55 to 45.10%), 1,8-cineole (17.40 to 19.35%), camphene (4.73 to 6.06%) and verbenone (2.32 to 3.86%). The physico-chemical parameters averaged 0.8887 g/cm³ for specific gravity, 1.4689 for refractive index, and +11.82° for optical rotation, and there were no significant variations in either the chemical or physico-chemical data in the different years.

Synthesis of nontronite and other Fe-rich smectites: a critical review

Clay Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Petit ◽  
F. Baron ◽  
A. Decarreau
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
The Past

AbstractThe synthesis of clay minerals has been studied for decades in an attempt to better understand their formation in natural environments and more recently to obtain clay minerals with controlled compositions and properties. Even though nontronite has been synthesized successfully since 1935, the process is not a straightforward and has been poorly documented. In the present review concerning the synthesis of nontronite and other Fe-rich smectites, the experiments attempted in the past are discussed critically in light of the most recent data. Most notably, the application of relationships established recently, thanks to synthetic smectitic series, have allowed us to refine the chemical compositions of some nontronites synthesized previously.

scholarly journals Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Oleo-Gum Resin ofCommiphora wightii(Guggulu)

Scientifica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerna Sarup ◽  
Suman Bala ◽  
Sunil Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Commiphora Wightii ◽  
Commiphora Mukul ◽  
Lipids Metabolism

Guggulu is an oleo-gum resin which exudes out as a result of injury from the bark ofCommiphora wightii(Arnott) Bhandari [syn.  Commiphora mukul(Hook. Ex Stocks) Engl;Balsamodendron mukul(Hook. Ex Stocks); Family, Burseraceae]. It has been used in theAyurvedasince time immemorial for the treatment of variety of disorders such as inflammation, gout, rheumatism, obesity, and disorders of lipids metabolism. It is a mixture of phytoconstituents like volatile oil which contains terpenoidal constituents such as monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids; steroids; flavonoids; guggultetrols; lignans; sugars; and amino acids. This review is an effort to compile all the information available on all of its chemical constituents which are responsible for its therapeutic potential. The wild occurrence of this species is restricted mainly to the dry regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat States of India, and the bordering regions of Pakistan. Oleo-gum resin, guggulu, tapped from the stems of this species, is consumed in high volumes by the Indian herbal industries. There has been a decline in its wild population over the last several decades, as a result of habitat loss and degradation, coupled with unregulated harvesting and tapping of oleo-gum resin. This species is consequently assessed as Critically Endangered and enlisted in the IUCN red list of threatened species.

scholarly journals A critical review on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lilium

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengyu Wang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Fatma Alzahra K. Attia ◽  
Wenyi Kang ◽  
Jinfeng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Effects

scholarly journals The essential oil compositions of Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves growing in Mersin, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-376
Author(s):  
Gun Binzet ◽  
Riza Binzet ◽  
Hakan Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

This study reports on the chemical compositions of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) grown in Mersin, Turkey. The essential oil of rosemary was obtained by hydrodistillation method, and the yield of rosemary oil was found to be about 1.2 % (v:w). The hydrodistilled volatile oil was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Forty-five components were identified in the essential oil of R. officinalis, which represented 100% of the total essential oils. The oxygenated monoterpenes content possessed the highest value, 64.78% of the oil, among which eucalyptol (33.15%) and camphor (10.31%) were the most abundant components. In addition, the oil contained mainly monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes. The least amount of diterpenes were found in the content of the oil. Isopimara-9 (11),15-diene (0.14%) and α-springene (0.06%) were two compounds determined as diterpene compounds.

scholarly journals Utilization of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Seed Hydrodistillation Time to Produce Essential Oil Fractions with Varied Compositions and Pharmacological Effects

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Ibrahim ◽  
Charles L. Cantrell ◽  
Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt

The intent of this study was to utilize distillation timeframes (DT) of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oil (EO) to generate fractions with differential chemical compositions and bioactivity. Ten fractions were captured at the following distillation timeframes: 0.0–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.5, 2.5–5.0, 5.0–10, 10–30, 30–60, 60–90, 90–120, and 120–240 min. In addition, a control EO was collected from a straight 0–240 min non-stop distillation. ANOVA and advanced regression modeling revealed that the produced EO fractions possess substantial variation in the concentration of potentially desired compounds. The concentrations (%) of α-phellandrene, 3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, α-thujene, α-pinene, camphene, sabinene, β-pinene, and myrcene decreased, while the concentrations (%) of α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, and myristicin increased in later DT fractions. Nutmeg EO showed some antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6, but did not exhibit significant antifungal activity. In general, nutmeg seed oil yields increased with an increase of DT. These results may be utilized by industries using nutmeg EO.

Critical Review of Methods for Analysis of Oleoresins

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
William H Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Component ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Abstract Oleoresins represent a type of flavoring material that is being used in ever increasing quantities. On the other hand, it is a poorly defined group of products, and the majority of analytical methods used in characterizing them, such as volatile oil by steam distillation, refractive index, optical rotation, are relatively meaningless; additionally, some of the specific component analyses, such as “heat” and capsicum (organoleptic), piperine (calculated from analysis of nitrogen) in pepper, curciimin (color value) of the paprika, are inadequate in their precision and accuracy. Deficiencies of these methods are discussed, and the value of newer instrumental methods of analyses, such as infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectrometry, gas chromatography, and thinlayer chromatography, are illustrated.

scholarly journals The Bioactivities and Potential Clinical Values of Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2199732
Author(s):  
Shi-Jie Bi ◽  
Rui-Jia Fu ◽  
Jia-Jia Li ◽  
Yan-Yan Chen ◽  
Yu-Ping Tang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chronic Anemia ◽  
Angelica Sinensis Radix ◽  
Research Prospect ◽  
Further Development

Angelica sinensis Radix (ASR), one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, contains many chemical components such as polysaccharides, volatile oil, flavonoids, amino acids, and organic acids, among which polysaccharides play an indispensable role in the therapeutic effect of ASR. A. sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) has many biological activities, for instance, hematopoietic, anti-tumor, and liver protection, which are closely related to the treatment of human diseases such as chronic anemia, leukemia, and diabetes. In addition, there are excellent application prospects for drug delivery in nanoparticles. This paper reviews the chemical compositions, extraction methods, biological activity, action mechanism, potential clinical applications, nanoparticles, and research prospect of ASP from 2010 to 2020, so as to provide references for its further development.

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