scholarly journals AN INSIGHT OF IMPORTANCE OF DEEPANA & PAACHANA IN PANCHAKARMA: CONCEPTUAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Anup B Thakar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Applied Aspect ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Preoperative Procedure ◽  
Available Information

Panchakarma therapy is a unique clinical treatment done for bio-purification of the body. Both Shodhana (bio- purification) and Shamana treatment (Pacification Treatment) modalities of Ayurveda place equal emphasis on Deepana and Paachana (appetizer-digestives). Deepana and Paachana karma plays important role in bringing the Sama dosha (dosha associated with ama) to Nirama (doshas without ama) state, as they mobilize the doshas from Shakha to koshtha and thus helps in easy expulsion of Doshas from the body. Deepana and Paachana Karma, as Purvakarma of Shodhana (bio-purification) procedures, are also essential. Purvakarma (preoperative procedure) refers to the body's preparation for Panchakarma procedures, and the body needs to achieve the full benefits of the treatments. Shodhana without Ama- Paachana results in further complications. As a result, the treatment is based on Srotoshodhana, Paachana, Agnideepana, and Vatanulomana. Objective: The objective is to extensively ex- plore the concept of Deepana & Paachana and elicit its applied aspect in Panchakarma therapy. Data Source: All the available information related to Deepana & Paachana is mentioned in classical texts primarily in Charaka Samhita and its related Commentaries, articles, Journals. Review Methods: The information related to Deepana & Paachana and its judicious use in Panchakarma are reviewed by comparing and analysing the different aspects of both classical tests and allied commentaries as well as contemporary authors. Conclusion: The concept of Deepana & Paachana here has been studied analytically in the radiance of proper and judicious Panchakarma practices to elicit its utility in better treatment. Keywords: Deepana, Paachana, Panchakarma, Purvakarma.

Biocompatible Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems with Targeting Potential for Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5488-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Neupane ◽  
Asiya Mahtab ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Archu Singh ◽  
Namrata Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases. These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.

scholarly journals Design of Free Stalls for Dairy Herds: A Review

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Frank van Eerdenburg ◽  
Lars Ruud
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
High Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
To Come ◽  
Available Information

Lying is an important behavior of dairy cattle. Cows should spend more than 50% of a day lying as it has a high impact on their milk yield and animal welfare. The design, size, and flooring properties of the free stalls influence the time cows spend lying, the way they lie down, and their rising movements. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the currently available information with the aim to assist farmers and advisors to come to an optimal design of the free stalls. The design of the free stalls should enable the cows to move and lie in positions as natural as possible. Cows should rest, with all parts of the body, on a clean, dry and soft bed, be able to stretch their front legs forward, lie on their sides with unobstructed space for their neck and head, and rest with their heads against their flanks without hindrance from a partition. When they stand, they should not be hindered by neck rails, partitions, or supports. A comfortable place for cows to lie down helps cows to stay healthy, improve welfare, and increase milk yield. Hence, the probability of a longer productive life for the cows increases and the number of replacements per year decreases.

scholarly journals Cannabis, a complex plant: different compounds and different effects on individuals

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Atakan
Keyword(s):  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Neurotransmitter System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Brain

Cannabis is a complex plant, with major compounds such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, which have opposing effects. The discovery of its compounds has led to the further discovery of an important neurotransmitter system called the endocannabinoid system. This system is widely distributed in the brain and in the body, and is considered to be responsible for numerous significant functions. There has been a recent and consistent worldwide increase in cannabis potency, with increasing associated health concerns. A number of epidemiological research projects have shown links between dose-related cannabis use and an increased risk of development of an enduring psychotic illness. However, it is also known that not everyone who uses cannabis is affected adversely in the same way. What makes someone more susceptible to its negative effects is not yet known, however there are some emerging vulnerability factors, ranging from certain genes to personality characteristics. In this article we first provide an overview of the biochemical basis of cannabis research by examining the different effects of the two main compounds of the plant and the endocannabinoid system, and then go on to review available information on the possible factors explaining variation of its effects upon different individuals.

A STUDY ON SROTODUSHTI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ASSESSMENT OF SROTOSHTI LAKSHANA IN ARTAVAVAHA SROTAS THROUGH CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS’- SURVEY STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2339-2346
Author(s):  
Shivakumari Shivakumari ◽  
Vasudev A Chate ◽  
Shreevastha Shreevastha
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Normal State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiological Examination ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Conceptual Study

The concept of Srotas and Srotodushti Lakshana has been very scientifically explained in the various context of Ayurveda literature. Detailed Srotas and Srotodushti Lakshana are according to Charaka Samhita Vimansthana assessment of Srotodushti Lakshana can be done by Pratyksha Pramana and in detail explanation. The Srotas play an important role in physiology and the pathogenesis of diseases in normal state; they regulate the physiolo- gy of the body and maintain the anatomical structures of dhatus. The influences of aetiology factors on Srotas can affect pathological manifestations. Considering this fact present study explores various aspects related to the Sro- tas, Srotodushti and Srotodushti Lakshana. Objectives-To assessment of Srotodushti Lakshana in Artavavaha Srotas through Clinical, biochemical, and radiological examination in Artavavaha Srotas. Methodology -The study was conducted under two headings, conceptual and survey study. Conceptual study all the concerned litera- ture were referred and analysed and for survey study, the Artvavaha Sroto Vikara observed and survey through face-face interview. -Hence it is concluded that the knowledge of Srotas is not only used in learning about the anatomy of the transport system of the body but also to understand their physiology and pathology. It can be as- sessed through clinical, biochemical, and radiological findings. Keywords: Srotas, Srotodushti Lakshana, Artavavaha Srotas,

Using the Health and Retirement Study for Disability Policy Research: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Schimmel Hyde ◽  
David C. Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a preeminent data source for research related to the experiences of workers nearing retirement, including the large share of those workers who experience a health shock or disability onset after age 50. In this article, we highlight key information collected from HRS respondents that benefits disability policy research and the body of knowledge that has resulted from this information. Our main goal is to identify from this research experience potential improvements in data collection and documentation that would further strengthen the HRS as a data source for disability policy researchers.

An ultrastructural and cytochemical study of microbodies in the genus Nitella (Characeae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2025-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Silverberg ◽  
T. Sawa
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Spherical Inclusions ◽  
Complete Digestion ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Granular Matrix ◽  
Available Information

Electron microscopy of the cells of the characean alga Nitella flexilis revealed the presence of numerous spherical inclusions which morphologically resemble plant microbodies. The structures have a dense granular matrix and are bounded by a single membrane. Many of the microbodies contain very electron-dense nucleoids that were shown to be alpha-amylase sensitive. In cells of the young apex, microbodies are the most abundant cellular organelle and are intimately associated with dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, and with large osmiophilic lipid bodies. Although the microbody population appears reduced in mature branchlet cells and internode cells of the main axis, they exhibit a characteristic and frequent association with the chloroplasts. Turnover of microbodies involves some autolytic degradation of the body matrix until complete digestion presumably occurs. Developmental changes of microbodies were monitored with the cytochemical localization of lysosomal aryl sulfatase and acid phosphatase activities. The current study is of interest since catalase, an enzyme marker of microbodies in a variety of tissues, could not be detected using both cytochemical and enzyme assay methods. The functional role of microbodies in Nitella cells is explored in relation to presently available information.

scholarly journals Comparative larval morphology of eight species of Hypsiboas Wagler (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) from Argentina and Uruguay, with a review of the larvae of this genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO KOLENC ◽  
CLAUDIO BORTEIRO ◽  
LEANDRO ALCALDE ◽  
DIEGO BALDO ◽  
DARIO CARDOZO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Character State ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Taxonomic Distribution ◽  
Variable Feature ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Available Information

We studied the external and oral cavity morphology of the tadpoles of eight species of Hypsiboas in the H. albopunctatus, H. faber, H. punctatus and H. pulchellus species groups. After a review of the available information about larval external and oral cavity morphology, no character state seems to be synapomorphic for Hypsiboas. The presence of a fleshy projection in the inner margin of the nostrils and rounded vacuities of the anteromedial surface of the choanae (pending the confirmation of the latter in Hyloscirtus and Myersiohyla) seems to be synapomorphic for the tribe Cophomantini, as previously noticed by other authors. Some putative synapomorphies are suggested for some species groups of Hypsiboas, but a denser sampling is needed to study the taxonomic distribution of these character states, in order to determine which clades they may support. The presence of lateral flaps with labial teeth in the oral disc is a variable feature of many species in the H. faber and H. pulchellus groups. A spiracular tube free from the body wall is present in some species, mostly in the H. albopunctatus group, but also in the H. rufitelus, H. faber and H. pulchellus groups. Unique ventrolateral cumules of neuromasts are present in H. faber, and also in some species of other groups of Hypsiboas and of the sister genus Aplastodiscus. Our results highlight the importance of studying the taxonomic distribution of many character states that were sometimes overlooked in tadpole descriptions but seem relevant to test phylogenetic hypothesis.

scholarly journals VARIOUS DIMENSIONS OF DAIVAVYAPASHRAYA WITH ITS POSSIBLE RATIONALITY - A JIGNASA

2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (5) ◽  
pp. 3022-3025
Author(s):  
Sowjanya. J
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Made In

“Shubham Karoti Kalyanam Arogyam Dhanasampadaha Shatrubuddhi Vinashaya Deepajyoti Namostute”. The concept of Daivavyapashraya chikitsa has been misunderstood as magical therapy which is wrong, as Acharya Charaka has emphasized it as the prime most among Trividhaushadhi’s in Trisreshaneeyaadhyaya due to its Aashu vyadhiharatwatana, which highlights its importance among all three treatment modalities. Daiva refers to Adrushta and Vyapashraya to Visheshena ashrayam. Hence a review on the art of invocation and implanting it by preventing and curing Physical and Psychosocial diseases with a proper scientific approach is very much essential. Dai- vavyapashrayachikitsa comprises MantrAoushadhaManiMangalaBaliaadi. Many instances are available in the Samhitha’s such as, ‘Siddhamantrapatana’ in the treatment of AagantujaUnmada, ‘Sahadeevimooladharana’ in the case of Vishamajwara, which is purely scientific. Acharya Sushrutha in Uttaratantra quotes the concept of Bali and Rakshavidhanam as a treatment in the case of each Grahabhada in children. For example: In case of Skandha- graha Raktamaala, Pataka, Raktagandhadravyas, Raktabhakshya, KukkutaBali along with Ghantanaada and ShivaParvati Mantrapatana. The rationality behind it can be interpreted as, it acts on microbial activity, negative energy and child's psychology, as well as the Mantra's, which are energy-based sounds that act on a particular system of the body and mind. Since the word Daiva is quoted in different contexts with different meanings as Adrushta, Poorvadaihikakarma and based on the aspects explained under Daivavyapashrayachikitsa, rationality can be interpreted as Microbiology, Psychology, Spiritualism, Philosophy, Astrology and Paranormal sciences are included in it. Thus, an attempt is made in understanding and practicing Daivavyapashrayachikitsa along with the scientific approach. Keywords: Daivavyapashrayachikitsa, Psychology, Sushrutha

Dupuytren's Disease: An Outcomes-Focused Update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser H. Almadani ◽  
Joshua Vorstenbosch ◽  
Johnny Ionut Efanov ◽  
Liqin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Dupuytren’S Disease ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Dupuytren's Disease ◽  
Associated Factor ◽  
Informed Decisions

AbstractDupuytren's disease (DD) remains a common fibroproliferative condition with significant sequelae and impact on patient's lives. The etiology of DD is poorly understood, and genetic predisposition is thought to be a strongly associated factor. Despite remarkable strides in improving our molecular understanding of DD, clinical treatment options have not yet overcome the frequently encountered challenge of recurrence. Recurrence rates continue to shape the prognosis of this fibrotic condition. In this outcomes-focused article, the various treatment modalities are reviewed. This further emphasizes the importance of patient education and providing them with the information to make informed decisions about their treatment.

scholarly journals AMPK and the Need to Breathe and Feed: What’s the Matter with Oxygen?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mark Evans ◽  
D. Grahame Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Subunit Isoforms ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Do So

We live and to do so we must breathe and eat, so are we a combination of what we eat and breathe? Here, we will consider this question, and the role in this respect of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Emerging evidence suggests that AMPK facilitates central and peripheral reflexes that coordinate breathing and oxygen supply, and contributes to the central regulation of feeding and food choice. We propose, therefore, that oxygen supply to the body is aligned with not only the quantity we eat, but also nutrient-based diet selection, and that the cell-specific expression pattern of AMPK subunit isoforms is critical to appropriate system alignment in this respect. Currently available information on how oxygen supply may be aligned with feeding and food choice, or vice versa, through our motivation to breathe and select particular nutrients is sparse, fragmented and lacks any integrated understanding. By addressing this, we aim to provide the foundations for a clinical perspective that reveals untapped potential, by highlighting how aberrant cell-specific changes in the expression of AMPK subunit isoforms could give rise, in part, to known associations between metabolic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, sleep-disordered breathing, pulmonary hypertension and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

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