scholarly journals A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF GUDUCHYADI TAILA MATRABASTI IN VANDHYATWA W.S.R. TO ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1984-1991
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Prime Factor ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
System A ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Prevalence

Infertility is a public health issue in India and many other developing countries because of its high prevalence and especially due to its serious social implications. According to the data of WHO, more than 180 million couples in developing countries agonise from primary or secondary infertility. The social stigma of childlessness still leads to isolation and abandonment in many communities. Although there is a lot of advancement in infertility care, the availability, affordability and effectiveness are still very low. Ayurveda described the disease vandhyatwa as equivalent to infertility. In Ayurveda, the management of Vandhyatwa mainly focuses on the correction of garbha sambahava samagris. Kshetra which is one among them is considered as the prime factor for conception. Kshet- ra can be taken as the female reproductive system, a well-prepared endometrium for implantation. Optimal en- dometrial receptivity leads to proper implantation of the embryo, which is the foundation of a healthy pregnancy. Implantation failure due to reduced endometrial receptivity is one of the major causes of infertility. In this present study, the endometrial receptivity was assessed with Applebaum's uterine score and Guduchyadi taila matrabasti has been administered to increase the receptivity of the endometrium. After the intervention, the results obtained showed significant improvement in endometrial receptivity. Keywords: Vandhyatwa, Applebaum's scoring, Matrabasti, Guduchyadi taila

scholarly journals A Wholesome Horror: The Stigmas of Leprosy in 19th Century Hawaii

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Amundson ◽  
Akira Ruddle-Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Prime Factor ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village

<p>The village of Kalaupapa on Moloka'i is well known as the site of legally enforced exile for people in Hawaii with the disease of leprosy. Hawaii was the first nation in the world to institute such a treatment. Less well understood are the social influences that were seen to justify such a harsh treatment of so vulnerable a group of people. Race (and racism) was one influence, as was the fear of contagion. But equally significant was the social stigma produced by Western perceptions of the bodily differences of people with leprosy. Evidence from the Western press shows that the stigma produced by the perceived 'loathsomeness' of the symptoms of leprosy was a prime factor in the exile law. That stigma directly harmed not only people with leprosy, but also their friends and family who supported them.</p>

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli with Chromosomally Carried mcr-1 in Healthy Residents in Vietnam

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Ryuji Kawahara ◽  
Kouta Hamamoto ◽  
Itaru Hirai ◽  
Diep Thi Khong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence

ABSTRACT The wide distribution of colistin-resistant bacteria in developing countries has become a common phenomenon. To understand the mechanisms underlying their distribution, we studied the mcr genetic background of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from the fecal microbiota of healthy human residents from a community in Vietnam with a high prevalence of colistin-resistant E. coli with mcr. Fifty-seven colistin-resistant isolates were obtained from 98 residents; one isolate was collected from each individual and analyzed for mcr. We found that 36.8% of the isolates carried chromosomal mcr-1. Further, 63.2% and 1.8% of the isolates carried mcr-1 on the plasmid and the plasmid/chromosome, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing of genetically unrelated isolates showed that the majority (6 of 7) of the isolates had the chromosomal mcr-1 in a complete ancestral mcr-1 transposon Tn6330, ISApl1-mcr-1-PAP2-ISApl1, which was inserted at various positions on the chromosomes. In addition, the majority (87.5%) of Tn6330 of mcr-1-carrying plasmids (n = 8) lacked both upstream and downstream ISApl1 transposons. The results obtained in this study indicate that plasmid-to-chromosomal transfer of mcr-1 may have occurred recently in the fecal microbiota of the residents. Additionally, Tn6330 on the chromosome may lose ISApl1 from the transposon during multiplication to gain a more stable mcr-1 state on the chromosome. Stabilization of resistance by the chromosomal incorporation of mcr-1 would be an additional challenge in combating the dissemination of resistant bacteria. IMPORTANCE Elucidation of the mechanism of the wide dissemination of colistin-resistant bacteria in communities of developing countries is an urgent public health issue. In this study, we investigated the genetic background of the colistin resistance gene mcr in E. coli isolates from the fecal microbiota of healthy human residents living in a community in Vietnam with a high prevalence of colistin-resistant E. coli. Our study revealed for the first time, a surprisingly high percentage (36.8%) of colistin-resistant E. coli carrying chromosomal mcr-1, the emergence of which may have occurred recently, in the fecal microbiota of the community residents. The mcr-1 transposon on the chromosome may develop into a more stable genotype by the loss of insertion sequences (ISs). Our results are valuable in understanding the mechanism underlying the increasing prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria within a community.

Comparing the Impact of Religious Discourse on HIV/AIDS in Islam and Christianity in Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sloane Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

In examining the strikingly high prevalence rates of HIV in many parts of Africa, reaching as high as 5% in some areas, how does the discourse promoted by the predominant religions across the continent, Islam and Christianity, affect the outlook of their followers on the epidemic? This question becomes even more intriguing after discovering the dramatic difference in rate of HIV prevalence between Muslims and Christians in Africa, confirmed by studies that have found a negative relationship to exist between HIV prevalence and being Muslim in Africa, even in Sub-Saharan African nations. Why does this gap in prevalence rates exist? Does Islam advocate participating in less risky behavior more so than Christianity? By comparing the social construction, epidemiological understanding and public responses among Muslim populations in Africa with Christian ones, it becomes apparent that many similarities exist between the two regarding discourse and that, rather than religious discourse itself, other social factors, such as circumcision practices, contribute more to the disparity in HIV prevalence than originally thought.

scholarly journals Disability, Human Resources and Behavioral Economics: The Labour Inclusion Case of Ilunion Hotels of the Costa del Sol (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7932
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Cruz-Morato ◽  
Carmen Dueñas-Zambrana ◽  
Josefa García-Mestanza
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Social

The situation of labour inclusion of people with disabilities in Spain is still too negative, in spite of the different efforts carried out by public and private sector. Previous research points to social discrimination as one of the main causes of the situation. Ilunion Hotels is one of the most important hotel companies in Spain focused on labour inclusion of people with disabilities. The objective of this paper is to explore the social inclusion case of Ilunion Hotels of the Costa del Sol, the actions that they have developed to improve the labour integration of this collective, based on a behavioral economics theoretical model (with a high relevance of the influence of social stigma, stress theories and coping to stress responses). We look into the specific situation of two of the three hotels developed as Special Employment Centres (sheltered employment contexts defined by Spanish legislation) and the possible impact of their Support Units for Professional Activity. Case study methodology is considered the most appropriate, according to the research objective, supported by semi-structured interviews with the hotel managers. The results show that, although Special Employment Centres are effective in improving labour integration in the short term and could contribute to change the long-term social perspectives about workers with disabilities, they could be also reinforcing the social stigma existing in the ordinary market.

‘Soft Law in a Hard Shell’: India, International Rulemaking and the International Solar Alliance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Vyoma Jha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Political Economy Approach

Abstract This article examines the creation of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), a new international organization led by India and backed primarily by developing countries. Official documents and wide-ranging interviews offer insights into the treaty-making process. Using a political economy approach to the study of international law, the article analyzes politico-legal issues associated with the creation of the ISA. The legal form of the ISA is best described as ‘soft law in a hard shell’: it uses the legal infrastructure of a treaty while relying on the social structure of participating actors for its future implementation. Empirical evidence suggests that three factors explain the treaty structure of the ISA: India's leadership role in the treaty-making process, the early involvement of non-state actors, and the preference of developing countries for legal form. Ultimately, the case illustrates India's shift towards a leadership role in climate change governance, and the steady emergence of non-state actors in driving climate action.

Suicide Loss Survivors: Navigating Social Stigma and Threats to Social Bonds

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110265
Author(s):  
Dorothy M. Goulah-Pabst
Keyword(s):  
Social Stigma ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The complicated grief experienced by suicide loss survivors leads to feelings of abandonment, rejection, intense self-blame, and depression. Stigma surrounding suicide further burdens survivors who can experience rejection by their community and social networks. Research in the field of psychology has delved into the grieving process of suicide loss survivors, however the effects of suicide require more sociological study to fully understand and support the impact of the suicidal bereavement process on the social interactions and relationships of those left behind after death. This study aims to contribute to the body of research exploring the social challenges faced after the suicide of a loved one. Based on the analysis of powerful personal narratives through qualitative interviews shared by 14 suicide loss survivors this study explores the social construction of the grieving and healing process for suicide loss survivors. Recognizing that the most reliable relief is in commiseration with like experienced people, this research points to the support group as a builder of social solidarity. The alienation caused by the shame and stigma of suicide loss can be reversed by the feelings of attachment to the group that listens, understands and accepts. Groups created by and for suicide loss survivors should be considered a necessary tool to be used toward healing those who suffer from loss by suicide.

scholarly journals The Meaning of the Matrix: Towards a Cybernetic Critical Theory of Capitalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shay Hershkovitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
System A ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Entity ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Operational Logic

Marxist criticism is most discernible; despite the oft-repeated claim that it is now irrelevant, belonging to an age now past. This essay assumes that criticism originating in the Marxist school of thought continue to be relevant also in this present time; though it may need to be further developed and improved by integrating newer critical approaches into the classic Marxist discourse. This essay therefore integrates basic Marxist ideas with key concepts from ‘social systems theory’; especially the theory of the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann's. In this light, capitalism is conceptualized here as a ‘super (social) system’: a meaning-creating social entity, in which social actors, behaviors and structures are realized. This theoretical concept and terminology emphasizes the social construction of control and stability, when discussing the operational logic of capitalism.

Political Competition, Partisanship and Interpersonal Trust in Electoral Democracies

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Carlin ◽  
Gregory J. Love
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Minimal Group ◽  
System A ◽  
The Social ◽  
Osama Bin Laden

How does democratic politics inform the interdisciplinary debate on the evolution of human co-operation and the social preferences (for example, trust, altruism and reciprocity) that support it? This article advances a theory of partisan trust discrimination in electoral democracies based on social identity, cognitive heuristics and interparty competition. Evidence from behavioral experiments in eight democracies show ‘trust gaps’ between co- and rival partisans are ubiquitous, and larger than trust gaps based on the social identities that undergird the party system. A natural experiment found that partisan trust gaps in the United States disappeared immediately following the killing of Osama bin Laden. But observational data indicate that partisan trust gaps track with perceptions of party polarization in all eight cases. Finally, the effects of partisanship on trust outstrip minimal group treatments, yet minimal-group effects are on par with the effects of most treatments for ascriptive characteristics in the literature. In sum, these findings suggest political competition dramatically shapes the salience of partisanship in interpersonal trust, the foundation of co-operation.

scholarly journals First Environmental Investigation of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile at a Large Hospital in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S406-S406
Author(s):  
M Jahangir Alam ◽  
Khurshida Begum ◽  
Tasnuva Rashid ◽  
Irtiza Hasan ◽  
Jacob McPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Fluorescent Pcr ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background Toxigenic Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients in the developed world and an emerging pathogen in developing countries due to increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Although likely ubiquitous worldwide, the prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile spores in the hospital environs of developing countries is poorly understood. The objectives of the study are to isolate and characterize C. difficile from the hospital environs of a large hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods As part of our environmental surveillance effort, we collected 330 shoe-bottom swab samples from hospital employees, patients, and visitors inside of a large hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Samples were analyzed for C. difficile using anaerobic enrichment culture and molecular methods. Suspected colonies from cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA) plates were identified by PCR (tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB and tpi genes) and strain typed using fluorescent PCR ribotyping, and MLVA methods. Results A total 149 of 333 (44.7%) shoe-bottom swab samples were culture positive for C. difficile of which 19.8% samples were toxigenic (tcdA and tcdB) C. difficile. A total of 11 distinct ribotypes were identified from 58 toxigenic C. difficile isolates tested. Predominant ribotypes were F053-163 (24.1%), F017 (20.7%), F106 (19.0%), F014-020 (17.2%). Other ribotypes were R001, F005, F010, F018, F054, F216, and FP407. No R027 and R078 C. difficile isolated. A broad MLVA diversity has been seen among the tested strains. Conclusion We identified a high prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile with diverse ribotypes from hospital environmental shoe-bottom swabs in Bangladesh. This is the first hospital environmental report of C. difficile from Bangladesh. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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