scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH STUDY OF ROOT PART OF BAL (TENDER) AND VRIDDHA (BOLT) MOOLAK (Raphanus Sativus Linn.)

2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2888-2895
Author(s):  
Rajani Patel ◽  
Om Prakash Rout ◽  
Pravin Kumar Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Root Properties

Ayurveda treatment faces negligible complication and positive health impact on the patients, even in Ayurveda usage of herbal medicine has its own significant advantage. According to ancient science there is nothing on this earth which is not medicine. Ayurveda considers all substances as medicine, if used for specific purpose in an appropriate way. Acharyas has also described about different season, Stages and Area for collection of different part of medicinal plant. Susrut has mentioned the collection method of Ahar dravyas Samgraha in Annapanavidhi - Adhyaya where mature root is said ideal for collection, Bal (Tender) and Vriddha (bolt) root should be avoided but in special case of moolak (Radish) root, properties of Bal and Vriddha moolak are mentioned separately and in some case of disease where moolak is used as medicine especially Balmoolak is taken. Aims & Objectives - The motive of this research is to compare both stages of moolak on the basis of literature review, pharmacognostical and phytochemical properties which further evaluates their pharmacological properties and also this study would serve as a useful gauge in isolation of medicinally important phytoconstituents, performing pharmacological investigation and ensuring quality formulations and standardization of the plant material. Materials & Methods - TLC plate spot, Quanitative analysis of phenolic contents and flavonoids. Result - All the laboratory experiments show clear difference between both the stages of moolak and presence of saponin defines hepatoprotective property of Balmoolak. Conclusion - The research study has shown that Balmoolak is good for GIT and biliary system but the properties of vriddha moolak are not suitable for GIT so it is called Tridoshakarak and balmoolak is called tridoshamak property. Keywords - Bal, Vriddha, Moolak, Ahardravya.

Towards an Affordable Human Waste Management Programme for the Poor – A Report on Bangladesh

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
K. M. Minnatullah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Human Waste

Nearly 80% of all illness in Bangladesh is related to water and sanitation. The combined rate of enteric diseases in Bangladesh is the highest in the world. 30% of all the deaths of children under 5 are due to diarrhoea, claiming more than 200,000 lives annually. Environmentally sound human waste management, along with personal hygiene awareness, are of critical importance to the prevention of faecal-oral disease transmission. present rural sanitation coverage is about 3%. A national target has been set to ensure that 13% of the rural poor will be covered under the human waste management programme by 1990, the end of the U.N. Water Decade. This however, contrasts with the similar target of 77% for the rural water supply programme, which received higher resource allocation and priority for a much longer period. This lack of correlation between water and sanitation has highly reduced the positive health impact of these developments. An affordable human waste management programme for the rural people, where 87% of the total population lives under conditions of the greatest poverty and underdevelopment, urgently needs serious and realistic consideration in the context of the limited resource prospects for future years. This report addresses the above issues and describes the commendable momentum that has been gained through the continuous efforts of national planners and policy makers. It is hoped that this might in the near future, through the rural human waste management programme, produce the long desired continual reduction of faecal-oral disease transmission.

scholarly journals Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1509
Author(s):  
Silvia Vincenzetti ◽  
Giuseppe Santini ◽  
Valeria Polzonetti ◽  
Stefania Pucciarelli ◽  
Yulia Klimanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Background: Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows’ milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants’ milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows’ milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly.

scholarly journals Flavonoid-Modifying Capabilities of the Human Gut Microbiome—An In Silico Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2688
Author(s):  
Tobias Goris ◽  
Rafael R. C. Cuadrat ◽  
Annett Braune
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
A Minor

Flavonoids are a major group of dietary plant polyphenols and have a positive health impact, but their modification and degradation in the human gut is still widely unknown. Due to the rise of metagenome data of the human gut microbiome and the assembly of hundreds of thousands of bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), large-scale screening for potential flavonoid-modifying enzymes of human gut bacteria is now feasible. With sequences of characterized flavonoid-transforming enzymes as queries, the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Protein catalog was analyzed and genes encoding putative flavonoid-modifying enzymes were quantified. The results revealed that flavonoid-modifying enzymes are often encoded in gut bacteria hitherto not considered to modify flavonoids. The enzymes for the physiologically important daidzein-to-equol conversion, well studied in Slackiaisoflavoniconvertens, were encoded only to a minor extent in Slackia MAGs, but were more abundant in Adlercreutzia equolifaciens and an uncharacterized Eggerthellaceae species. In addition, enzymes with a sequence identity of about 35% were encoded in highly abundant MAGs of uncultivated Collinsella species, which suggests a hitherto uncharacterized daidzein-to-equol potential in these bacteria. Of all potential flavonoid modification steps, O-deglycosylation (including derhamnosylation) was by far the most abundant in this analysis. In contrast, enzymes putatively involved in C-deglycosylation were detected less often in human gut bacteria and mainly found in Agathobacter faecis (formerly Roseburia faecis). Homologs to phloretin hydrolase, flavanonol/flavanone-cleaving reductase and flavone reductase were of intermediate abundance (several hundred MAGs) and mainly prevalent in Flavonifractor plautii. This first comprehensive insight into the black box of flavonoid modification in the human gut highlights many hitherto overlooked and uncultured bacterial genera and species as potential key organisms in flavonoid modification. This could lead to a significant contribution to future biochemical-microbiological investigations on gut bacterial flavonoid transformation. In addition, our results are important for individual nutritional recommendations and for biotechnological applications that rely on novel enzymes catalyzing potentially useful flavonoid modification reactions.

scholarly journals A Review of the Geomechanics Aspects in Space Exploration

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7522
Author(s):  
Dariusz Knez ◽  
Mohammad Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

From the 2000s onwards, unprecedented space missions have brought about a wealth of novel investigations on the different aspects of space geomechanics. Such aspects are related to the exploratory activities such as drilling, sampling, coring, water extraction, anchoring, etc. So far, a whole range of constitutive research projects on the plate tectonics, morphology, volcanic activities and volatile content of planetary bodies have been implemented. Furthermore, various laboratory experiments on extraterrestrial samples and their artificial terrestrial simulants are continually conducted to obtain the physical and mechanical properties of the corresponding specimens. Today, with the space boom being steered by diverse space agencies, the incorporation of geomechanics into space exploration appreciably appears much needed. The primary objective of this article is to collate and integrate the up-to-date investigations related to the geomechanical applications in space technologies. Emphasis is given to the new and future applications such as planetary drilling and water extraction. The main impetus is to provide a comprehensive reference for geoscience scientists and astronauts to quickly become acquainted with the cutting-edge advancements in the area of space geomechanics. Moreover, this research study also elaborates on the operational constraints in space geomechanics which necessitate further scientific investigations.

The perception of light—dark transitions

1983 ◽  
Vol 303 (1116) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Timing Mechanism ◽  
Rapid Formation ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Dark Transition

Transitions between light and darkness are particularly important where these serve as Zeitgebers to synchronize circadian rhythms. A special case is photoperiodism, which depends on the accurate detection of light—dark transitions and on the coupling of this information to a timing mechanism that appears to be based on the circadian clock. Results from laboratory experiments are considered in relation to the natural changes experienced at dawn and dusk, and evidence is presented that the light—dark transitions that couple to the timing mechanism in short-day plants are perceived through changes in irradiance rather than through changes in light quality. It has been generally accepted that the light—dark transition is sensed by a decrease of P fr levels in darkness, whereas dark—light is sensed by the rapid formation of P fr in the light. However, P fr in light-grown plants appears to be rather stable and so changes in P fr level after transfer to darkness may not be a sufficiently accurate method of detecting the light—dark transition in photoperiodism. The paper reviews some of the evidence from photoperiodic experiments and concludes that the plant may discriminate between light and darkness through the continuous or intermittent formation o f ‘new’ P fr .

scholarly journals Flavonoid-modifying capabilities of the gut microbiome – an in silico study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Goris ◽  
Rafael Cuadrat ◽  
Annett Braune
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
Gut Metagenome ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Abstract Flavonoids are a major group of dietary plant polyphenols and have a positive health impact, but their modification and degradation in the human gut is still widely unknown. Due to the rise of human gut metagenome data and the assembly of hundreds of thousands of bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), large-scale screening for potential flavonoid-modifying enzymes is now feasible. With sequences from characterized flavonoid-transforming enzymes as queries, the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Protein catalog was analyzed and quantification of putative flavonoid-modifying enzymes was carried out. The results revealed that flavonoid-modifying enzymes are often highly abundant in bacteria hitherto not considered as flavonoid-modifying gut bacteria. The enzymes for the physiologically important daidzein to equol conversion, well studied in Slackia isoflavoniconvertens, were encoded only to a low extent in Slackia MAGs, but more abundant in Adlercreutzia equolifaciens and an uncharacterizedEggerthellaceae species. In addition, a high abundance of genes with a similarity of only about 35% in uncultivated Collinsella species suggest a hitherto uncharacterized Daidzein-to-equol potential in these bacteria. Of all potential flavonoid modification steps, O-deglycosylation (including derhamnosylation) was by far the most abundant in this analysis. In contrast, enzymes putatively involved in C-deglycosylation were detected less often in human gut bacteria and mainly found in Agathobacter faecis (formerly Roseburia faecis). Phloretin hydrolase, flavanonol/flavanone-cleaving reductase and flavone reductase (all three most abundant in Flavonifractor plautii) and O-demethylase (Intestinibacter bartlettii) homologs were of intermediate prevalence (several hundreds of MAGs). This first comprehensive insight into the black box of flavonoid modification in the human gut highlights many hitherto overlooked and uncultured bacterial genera and species as key organisms in flavonoid modification by the human gut microbiota. This could lead to a significant contribution to future biochemical-microbiological investigations on gut bacterial flavonoid transformation. In addition, our results are important for individual nutritional recommendations and for biotechnological applications which rely on novel enzymes catalyzing potentially useful flavonoid modification reactions.

scholarly journals Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacilli in Fermented Dairy Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantyati Widyastuti ◽  
Andi Febrisiantosa ◽  
Flavio Tidona
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Population Information ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Fermented Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
Dairy Fermentation

Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus have been employed in food fermentation for decades. Fermented dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt, are products of high value known as functional food and widely consumed due to their positive health impact. Fermentation was originally based on conversion of carbohydrate into organic acids, mostly lactic acid, intended to preserve nutrient in milk, but then it develops in other disclosure of capabilities associates with health benefit. It is expected that during the manufacture of fermented dairy products, some bioactive peptides from milk protein are released through proteolysis. Lactobacilli have been recognized and received increasing attention as probiotics by balancing gut microbial population. Information of molecular mechanisms of genome sequence focusing on the microbial that normally inhabit gut may explain as to how these bacteria positively give impact on improving host health. Recent post-biotics concept revealed that health benefit can also be associated after bacterial lysis. This mini review focuses on the contribution of lactobacilli in dairy fermentation with health-promoting properties on human health.

scholarly journals Research on possibilities of utilization of chosen Brassicaceae plants in protection of cucumber against damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Smith)Sacc.

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew J. Burgieł
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Total Inhibition

The aim of the work was to determine the usefulness of dried leaves of savoy cabbage, red cabbage, horse radish and fringed cabbage in protection of cucumber against damping-off caused by fungi <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>. In the laboratory experiments, pathogens were grown on PDA containing dried leaves (3g·100 cm<sup>-3</sup>) and in atmosphere containing volatile substances evolved from plant material. The addition of radish horse leaves into PDA caused total inhibition of <i>R. solani</i> development. Remaining plants were also characterized by high fungistatic activity (% of growth inhibition about 85%). <i>F. culmorum</i> was less sensitive. The horse radish leaves showed the strongest activity (65 %), weakest in combination with fringed cabbage leaves (38,9%). The similar regularity in the case of fumigation activity was observed. The effectiveness of dried leaves in protection of cucumber against damping-off was confirmed in greenhouse experiment. The amendment of soil inoculated with <i>R. solani</i> in dose 2 g per 500 cm<sup>3</sup> of soil significantly increased the number of cucumber sprouts compared to the control. In the experiment with <i>F. culmorum</i> only in combination with horse radish and red cabbage leaves significant action was observed.

scholarly journals QUAGMIRE v1.3: a quasi-geostrophic model for investigating rotating fluids experiments

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-241
Author(s):  
P. D. Williams ◽  
T. W. N. Haine ◽  
P. L. Read ◽  
S. R. Lewis ◽  
Y. H. Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Rotating Fluids ◽  
Stochastic Forcing ◽  
Internal Interface ◽  
Time Stepping ◽  
Beta Effect ◽  
Fluid Layers ◽  
Special Case

Abstract. QUAGMIRE is a quasi-geostrophic numerical model for performing fast, high-resolution simulations of multi-layer rotating annulus laboratory experiments on a desktop personal computer. The model uses a hybrid finite-difference/spectral approach to numerically integrate the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations of motion in cylindrical geometry in each layer. Version 1.3 implements the special case of two fluid layers of equal resting depths. The flow is forced either by a differentially rotating lid, or by relaxation to specified streamfunction or potential vorticity fields, or both. Dissipation is achieved through Ekman layer pumping and suction at the horizontal boundaries, including the internal interface. The effects of weak interfacial tension are included, as well as the linear topographic beta-effect and the quadratic centripetal beta-effect. Stochastic forcing may optionally be activated, to represent approximately the effects of random unresolved features. A leapfrog time stepping scheme is used, with a Robert filter. Flows simulated by the model agree well with those observed in the corresponding laboratory experiments.

Cycling and Walking: Why Don't Hospitals Provide Facilities for Healthy Transport?

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Owen ◽  
Rosalie H. Day ◽  
Paul Scullion
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Promoting

Physical activity is essential for health but modern lifestyles have become increasingly sedentary. Walking and cycling for transport is exercise that can readily become an habitual everyday activity. Health policy recognises the value of walking and cycling but government policy generally promotes personal car use and transport planning encourages this mode. Hospitals should be at the forefront of promoting healthy transport policy and this study was undertaken to assess the attitudes in hospitals to health-promoting transport and the facilities provided to support it. A questionnaire about attitudes to physical activity, health promotion and walking and cycling was sent to 15 hospitals in metropolitan Adelaide. This was followed up with site visits. Although respondents were aware of the beneficial effects of physical activity only a third translated this into any action. No hospital encouraged walking or cycling for transport. All hospitals had car parking but few had bicycle parking and fewer had facilities that met Australian Standards. In many hospitals overseas, walking and cycling are actively encouraged through improved access, appropriate facilities and even incentives. Hospitals in Adelaide could have a positive health impact by moving beyond 'treatment' and promoting walking and cycling for transport and health.

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