scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical adaptation of the leaves of certain Veronica species to arid conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Olena Leshcheniuk ◽  
Tetyana Chipilyak

This study’s objective was to evaluate the adaptive potential of the leaves of Veronica (V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata) in the arid conditions of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine (KBG) located in the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper. Leaves have been obtained from the collection of ornamental plants of KBG, where these plants are introduced for ten years. The seasonal dynamics of leaf development have been studied during the growing season of 2018, when the most arid climatic conditions were observed.The leaves of the investigated species were found to be dorsoventral, amphistomatic, with an anomocytic stomatal apparatus and bifacial mesophyll. Changes in the anatomical structures of the leaf blade towards xeromorphism were determined. In particular, in all studied specimens thickening of the cuticle, adaxial and abaxial epidermises (except V. prostrata, where the upper epidermis decreased by 35 %) mesophyll occurred. The number of stomata on the abaxial epidermis in all species decreased (the most notably in V. prostrata). Such increase of xeromorphism in V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata is an adaptive reaction of plants to the effects of extreme arid weather and climatic conditions of the Kryvorizhzhya, which testifies to the plasticity of investigated species and their high adaptation potential to the climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper.

Author(s):  
E.N. Tyukhtina ◽  

The article deals with one of the most relevant topics of the modern city and ecology - the problem of landscaping in Volgograd. The city is characterized by an industrial urbanism, with a high concentration of population, saturation of production facilities and vehicles, which contributes to a high level of negative impact on the environment. The pace of greening of the city lags behind the pace of construction of the residential sector, and the existing green spaces do not meet the sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic requirements. The prospects of this problem are determined, the existing green spaces are considered, data on the climatic conditions of the city and the ecological situation are given. Improvement in the field of landscaping is associated with the scientifically sound placement of green spaces, taking into account all the factors that affect the growth and development of plants in the urban environment. Unfortunately, due to the uneven distribution of the assortment of trees and shrubs, the species composition of the central streets and squares of the city is extremely poor. The study focuses on the role of the botanical garden in urban landscaping and aims to create recommendations for the sorting of tree and shrub plants for urban landscaping. As a result of the analysis of the assortment of ornamental plants of the open ground of the botanical garden, the article proposed species and varieties of woody and shrubby plants that have passed the introduction tests for more than 5-10 years. Recommendations for sorting are aimed at improving the ecological situation of the city and greening the recreation areas of citizens. The proposed list of tree and shrub species cannot fully solve the problem of greening the city, but it will help to significantly enrich the composition of tree and shrub plants.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Natalia Viktorovna Polyakova

The paper presents characteristics of lilac flowering duration in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. When selecting prospective species and sorts for landscaping purposes for each region, it is necessary to obtain a comprehensive assessment of decorative features. Lilac is now widely used in green building and is one of the most popular ornamental shrubs. The duration of flowering is one of the most important characteristics of ornamental plants and determines the decorative effect of the entire landscape composition. The paper presents the study results of the flowering duration of 11 species and 33 sorts of lilacs of the botanical garden collection for the last 7 years (2011-2017). The results obtained are shown in comparison with the data of earlier studies (2005-2009). The data analysis showed that in 2011-2017 the average lilac species flowering duration was 7-15, and that of varieties 13-15 days, which is 5-6 days shorter than the flowering period of the same taxa in 2005-2009. It is established that such a result is a consequence of changes in the climatic situation in the region. The obtained data on the lilac species flowering duration in Ufa, as well as the influence of climatic conditions on it, make it possible to successfully apply the studied species and varieties of lilacs for landscape design purposes in the Republic of Bashkortostan and adjacent territories.


2021 ◽  
Vol XII (2(21)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tabara (Gorceag) ◽  
◽  
Nina Ciorchina ◽  
Mariana Trofim ◽  
Alina Cutcovschii-Muştuc ◽  
...  

A study has been carried out on the anatomical structures of the species Lycium barbarum L. and of the goji varieties from the collection of the National Botanical Garden (I) “Alexandru Ciubotaru”, grown under the pedo-climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The comparative anatomical study was performed on a complex of anatomical indices: cuticle type, bristles, stomata, calcium oxalate crystals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(48)) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
L. I. Boiko ◽  
Yu. S. Yuhymenko ◽  
N. М.. Danylchuk ◽  
О. О. Shulga

Problem. Due to the rapid trend of growth and spread of vertical landscaping in landscaping of settlements in Ukraine, studying woody lianas is quite active. There is almost no information on the bioecological features of woody lianas in conditions of our region and their use in landscaping of urban areas. Therefore, the aim of the work was to summarize the introduction of woody lianas in the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, to analyze the current state of vertical landscaping in Kryvyi Rih, to find out the range of plants used and to prove the possibilities of its expansion. Methods. The distribution of introduced woody lianas by origin was carried out according to A.L. Takhtadzhyan . Assessment of viability was performed by the scale of viability of shrubs modified on the basis of the classification by Z.I. Luchnyk. Estimation of drought resistance of lianas was made by the scale of S.S. Piatnytskyi , winter hardiness was estimated on the scale adopted for botanical gardens of the USSR. Results and conclusions For Kryvyi Rih, one of the promising areas in the creation of modern landscape and architectural landscaping of the city is vertical landscaping based on twisted plants. The source for enrichment of the range of plants for urban area landscaping is the collections of the botanical garden. The introduction of woody lianas in the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden began in 1983. Today, the collection fund includes 31 species and 42 cultivars, representing 15 genera and 13 families. We determined that the phenorhythmics of the introduced species is consistent with the climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Dnieper Area, most of the species bloom annually, bear fruit, have high living conditions and decorativeness. Most woody lianas introduced in the KRBG are quite drought-resistant (they scored point I by Piatnytskyi scale), they tolerate short periods of drought without significant morphological changes (species of the genera Wisteria, Campsis, Celastrus, Parthenocissus, Vitis, Ampelopsis). Lower drought resistance (drought resistance scores point II) in species of the genera Lonicera, Actinidia was manifested by the loss of turgor in the leaves, which was restored during the night, and partial yellowing of the leaves. Groups of introduced woody lianas were selected according to the method of attachment to the support and the degree of decorativeness. A survey of the urban areas of Kryvyi Rih revealed that the range of woody lianas used is represented by 10 species and 7 cultivars from 10 genera and 10 families. According to the results of studying morpho-biological, ecological properties and decorative qualities, it is recommended to introduce Aristolochia manshuriensis, Akebia quinata, Celastrus flagellaris, Celastrus orbiculatus, Lonicera caprifolium, Wisteria sinensis more widely in landscaping of urban areas.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R.O. Myalkovsky

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
A. I. Lokhova ◽  
E. Z. Savin ◽  
A. M. Rusanov ◽  
A. A. Mushinskiy

The article presents the results of studying the diversity of pear rootstock forms in terms of yield and seed productivity. The research was carried out at the experimental sites of the Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture of AllRussian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery and the Botanical Garden of the Orenburg State University in 2017-2019, in typical soil and climatic conditions of the Orenburg city. The purpose of the study is to identify pear rootstock forms characterized by high yield and stable seed productivity for use in the future as a seed rootstock. During the research, 15 pear accessions were studied; the planting scheme was 6x4 m. As a result of research, it was found that the rootstock form Temno-zelenaya is characterized by a high yield (40 kg/tree). High seed productivity of more than 6 seeds in one fruit was observed in samples: Vernaya (6.0-6.5 pcs.), SK-1, SK-3 (6.1-7.8 pcs.), SK-2 (7.0-7.5 pcs.), Chang Bai Li (7.4-7.7 pcs.), Semennaya 214 (7.5-7.8 pcs.). It was revealed that the Xiao he Bai Li variety is characterized by the maximum weight of 1000 seeds (65.2 g). Analysis of accessions by seed yield established that a consistently high yield is observed in the varieties Chang Bai Li (2.5-4.2 %), Vernaya (3.96-4.18 %) and forms SK-1 (2.0-3.25%), SK-2 (2.25-2.75 %), SK-3 (1.43-4.0 %). Pear rootstock forms Chang Bai Li, Vernaya, Semennaya 214, SK-1, SK-2, SK-3 were identifi ed, which can be recommended for production testing as seed pear rootstocks for the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez ◽  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Emilio Villalobos-Soublett ◽  
Andrés Zurita-Silva

In the 90s, as in other countries, transformation of Chilean viticulture brought about the introduction and spread of European grapevine varieties which has resulted in a massive loss of minor local and autochthonous grapevine varieties traditionally grown in several wine growing regions. Fortunately, in recent years, autochthonous and minority varieties have been revalued due to their high tolerance to pests and diseases and because of their adaptation to thermal and water stress triggered by global warming. In this study, we assessed the nutritional status of two autochthonous grapevines grafted onto four different rootstocks under the hyper-arid climatic conditions of Northern Chile over three consecutive seasons. The results showed that R32 rootstock induced high N, P, Ca, Mg and Mn levels in blades compared to Harmony rootstock. R32 rootstock and to a lesser extent, 1103 Paulsen and 140 Ruggeri rootstocks kept balanced levels of nutrients in blades collected from Moscatel Amarilla and Moscatel Negra grapevine varieties. Additionally, Harmony presented slight nutritional imbalance compared to the rest of studied rootstocks due to its low absorption of Mg, Mn, Ca and P, and its high K absorption, which was exacerbated under warm weather and salinity soil conditions. These results may provide a basis for specific cultivar/rootstock/site combinations, a nutritional guide for the viticulturists of Northern Chile, and options to diversify their production favoring the use of minority and autochthonous varieties that adapt well to hyper-arid conditions of Northern Chile.


2019 ◽  
pp. 13-18

CARACTERES EPIDÉRMICOS FOLIARES DE PLANTAS ORNAMENTALES, TÓXICAS PARA ANIMALES DOMÉSTICOS. LEAF EPIDERMAL CHARACTERS OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, TOXIC FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Patricia Nasca de Zamora DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2009.0003/ RESUMEN El tejido epidérmico de los vegetales presenta un diseño característico para cada especie, de manera que muchas plantas pueden reconocerse a través de su estudio microscópico. Además, este tejido resiste el pasaje por el tracto digestivo de los animales, permaneciendo prácticamente inalterable. Basados en este hecho, los investigadores Baungartder y Martin (1939) idearon la técnica microhistológica, que consiste en estudiar la composición botánica de la dieta de animales herbívoros a través del análisis microscópico de fragmentos de epidermis vegetales encontrados en la materia fecal de los mismos. A lo largo de los años, el uso de esta técnica se extendió ampliamente, adaptándose a diferentes objetivos, tanto ecológicos como económicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo, que se llevó a cabo en la provincia de Tucumán, República Argentina, es describir las epidermis foliares de cuatro especies ornamentales tóxicas, a fin de aportar datos para la confección de una clave dicotómica de identificación de las mismas, para ser usada como elemento de diagnóstico en medicina veterinaria. Se extrajeron en laboratorio - con diversas técnicas - epidermis foliares de Evonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, Ficus benjamina y Vinca difformis; especies ornamentales citadas como tóxicas en la bibliografía veterinaria y cultivadas habitualmente en jardines particulares y espacios públicos de la Provincia. Se confeccionaron preparados microscópicos permanentes, se tomaron registros fotográficos y se describieron las características epidérmicas de cada especie, teniendo en cuenta la forma de las células, la presencia o ausencia de estomas, presencia de tricomas, tipos de estomas, tipos de tricomas, etc. Hedera helix y Vinca difformis presentan células epidérmicas de contorno lobulado, mientras que las células epidérmicas de Evonymus japonicus. y Ficus benjamina son isodiamétricas y poligonales. Las cuatro especies descriptas presentan estomas sólo en la zona internerval de la cara abaxial de sus hojas. Se encontraron tricomas simples solamente en la zona nerval de la epidermis adaxial de Vinca difformis, las demás epidermis son completamente glabras. Los caracteres encontrados en las especies estudiadas y volcados en las descripciones, constituyen un aporte de utilidad para la confección de una clave dicotómica de indentificación de estas plantas tóxicas a través de sus epidermis. Palabras clave: epidermis foliar, plantas ornamentales, tóxicas, medicina veterinaria. ABSTRACT The epidermal tissue of the vegetables presents a typical design for every species so that many plants can be recognized across its microscopic study. In addition, it resists the passage for the digestive tract of the animals, remaining practically inalterable. Based on this fact, Baungartder and Martin (1939) designed the microhistological technique, which consists of studying botanical composition of diet of herbivorous animals across the microscopic analysis of plant´s epidermis fragments found in the fecal matter. Throughout the years, the use of this technique spread widely, adapting to different aims, both ecological and economic. The aim of the present work, realized in Tucumán's province, Argentina, is to characterize epidermis of ornamental, toxic plants for domestic animals, in order to be used as element of diagnosis in veterinary medicine. Epidermis of Evonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, Ficus benjamina and Vinca difformis were extracted in laboratory. All of them are ornamental species, mentioned like toxic in the bibliography veterinary and cultivated habitually in particular gardens and public spaces of the Province. They were made prepared microscopic permanent, photographic records took and there were described the epidermal characteristics of every species, bearing in mind the form of the cells, the presence or absence of stomata and trichomes, and types of stomata and trichomes. Hedera helix and Vinca difformis present lobulated epidermal cells, whereas Evonymus japonicus and Ficus benjamina ones are isodiametrics and polygonal. Four species present stomata only in the internerval zone of abaxial epidermis. They were trichomes only in the nerval zone of adaxial epidermis of Vinca difformis. The epidermal characters found in the studied species, constitute an usefull contribution for the confection of a dichotomous indentification key of these toxic plants. Keywords: epidermis, ornamental toxic plants, veterinary medicine.


Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Williamson ◽  
J. H. Blake ◽  
S. N. Jeffers ◽  
S. A. Lewis

In September 1999, royal ferns (Osmunda regalis L.) at a South Carolina wholesale nursery were found to be infected by foliar nematodes. Lesions were brown, vein-limited, and often fan shaped. As severity increased, affected leaflets became totally necrotic. Nematodes were extracted by excising and dicing symptomatic leaf sections and placing them in water for up to 24 h. Ten adult nematodes from each of two fern plants were examined microscopically and determined to be Aphelenchoides fragariae (Ritzema Bos) Christie. This is the first report of this nematode infecting royal fern. In August 1996, leaves from several cultivars of Hosta spp. with yellow to tan, vein-limited lesions were submitted from The South Carolina Botanical Garden (Clemson, SC) to the Clemson University Plant Problem Clinic for diagnosis. Nematodes were extracted and examined as described above and identified as A. fragariae. This is the first report of this nematode infecting Hosta spp. in South Carolina. Since 1996, foliar nematodes have been recovered from hostas at several wholesale nurseries in South Carolina. Aphelenchoides spp. also have been detected previously in commercially produced ornamental plants in South Carolina, including a Begonia sp. in 1988; Polygonum bistorta L. ‘Super-bum’ (snakeweed) in 1997; and a Polystichum sp. (holly fern) in 1997. All plants exhibited angular or vein-limited, necrotic lesions typical of foliar nematode infections.


2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Valentina Aleksandrovna Fedorova ◽  
Nina Alekseevna Naumova ◽  
Ekaterina Vasylyevna Yachmeneva ◽  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova

Objects of research were: spring wheat Saratovskaya 70-st, Cardinal, 3 Curenta, Madam, Nil avocet yr7's, Angarida; spring barley Ratnik-st, Medium 135, grace, Vakula, Brassa; spring oats Showjumping-st, Leo, Bulan, Kuranin. As a result of the study of these varieties of spring crops, the most adapted to local soil and climatic conditions samples were identified. The selected samples were distinguished by high biological plasticity, growth and development rates, maximum use of moisture, as well as the ability to form high grain yields.


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