scholarly journals A transmission model of Bilharzia : A mathematical analysis of an heterogeneous model

2011 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 - 2011 - Special... ◽  
Author(s):  
Riveau Gilles ◽  
Sallet Gauthier ◽  
Tendeng Lena

International audience We consider an heterogeneous model of transmission of bilharzia. We compute the basic reproduction ratio R 0. We prove that if R 0 < 1, then the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. If R 0 > 1 then there exists an unique endemic equilibrium, which is globally asymptotically stable. We will then consider possible applications to real data On considère un modèle de transmission de la bilharziose prenant en compte les hétérogénéités. Nous calculons le taux de reproduction de base Nous montrons que si R0 < 1, alors l’équilibre sans maladie est globalement asymptotiquement stable. Si R0 > 1, alors il existe un unique équilibre endémique et celui-ci est globalement asymptotiquement stable. Nous considérons ensuite les applications possibles à des données réelles.

2014 ◽  
Vol Volume 17 - 2014 - Special... ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramses Djidjou Demasse ◽  
Jean Jules Tewa ◽  
Samuel Bowong

International audience We consider a mathematical SIL model for the spread of a directly transmitted infectious disease in an age-structured population; taking into account the demographic process and the vertical transmission of the disease. First we establish the mathematical well-posedness of the time evolution problem by using the semigroup approach. Next we prove that the basic reproduction ratio R0 is given as the spectral radius of a positive operator, and an endemic state exist if and only if the basic reproduction ratio R0 is greater than unity, while the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if R0<1. We also show that the endemic steady states are forwardly bifurcated from the disease-free steady state when R0 cross the unity. Finally we examine the conditions for the local stability of the endemic steady states.


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAKARY TRAORÉ ◽  
OUSMANE KOUTOU ◽  
BOUREIMA SANGARÉ

In this paper, we investigate a nonautonomous and an autonomous model of schistosomiasis transmission with a general incidence function. Firstly, we formulate the nonautonomous model by taking into account the effect of climate change on the transmission. Through rigorous analysis via theories and methods of dynamical systems, we show that the nonautonomous model has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free periodic equilibrium when the associated basic reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] is less than unity. Otherwise, the system admits at least one positive periodic solutions if [Formula: see text] is greater than unity. Secondly, using the average of periodic functions, we further derive the autonomous model associated with the nonautonomous model. Therefore, we show that the disease-free equilibrium of the autonomous model is locally and globally asymptotically stable when the associated reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] is less than unity. When [Formula: see text] is greater than unity, the existence and global asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium is established under certain conditions. Finally, using linear and nonlinear specific incidence function, we perform some numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Luosheng Wen ◽  
Bin Long ◽  
Xin Liang ◽  
Fengling Zeng

We establish an SIS (susceptible-infected-susceptible) epidemic model, in which the travel between patches and the periodic transmission rate are considered. As an example, the global behavior of the model with two patches is investigated. We present the expression of basic reproduction ratioR0and two theorems on the global behavior: ifR0< 1 the disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable and ifR0> 1, then it is unstable; ifR0> 1, the disease is uniform persistence. Finally, two numerical examples are given to clarify the theoretical results.


2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1260012 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUI XU

In this paper, an HIV-1 infection model with absorption, saturation infection and an intracellular delay accounting for the time between viral entry into a target cell and the production of new virus particles is investigated. By analyzing the characteristic equations, the local stability of an infection-free equilibrium and a chronic-infection equilibrium of the model is established. By using suitable Lyapunov functionals and LaSalle's invariance principle, it is proved that if the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity, the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; and if the basic reproduction ratio is greater than unity, sufficient condition is derived for the global stability of the chronic-infection equilibrium.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfei Li ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
Zhe Li ◽  
Shuxue Mao

A delayed HIV-1 infection model with CTL immune response is investigated. By using suitable Lyapunov functionals, it is proved that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction ratio for viral infection is less than or equal to unity; if the basic reproduction ratio for CTL immune response is less than or equal to unity and the basic reproduction ratio for viral infection is greater than unity, the CTL-inactivated infection equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; if the basic reproduction ratio for CTL immune response is greater than unity, the CTL-activated infection equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable.


2008 ◽  
Vol Volume 9, 2007 Conference in... ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Bowong ◽  
Jean-Luc Dimi ◽  
Jean-Claude Kamgang ◽  
Joseph Mbang ◽  
Jean Jules Tewa

International audience We present the recent results obtained for the within-host models of malaria and HIV. We briefly recall the Anderson-May-Gupter model. We also recall the Van Den Driessche method of computation for the basic reproduction ratio R0 ; here, a very simple formula is given for a new class of models. The global analysis of these models can be founded in [1, 2, 3, 5]. The results we recall here are for a model of one strain of parasites and many classes of age, a general model of n strains of parasites and k classes of age, a S E1 E2 · · ·En I S model with one linear chain of compartments and finally a general S Ei1 Ei2 · · ·Ein I S model with k linear chains of compartments. When R0 <=1, the authors prove that there is a trivial equilibria calling disease free equilibrium (DFE) which is globally asymptotically stable (GAS) on the non-negative orthant , and when R0 > 1, they prove the existence of a unique endemic equilibrium in the non-negative orthant and give an explicit formula. They provided a weak condition for the global stability of endemic equilibrium Le travail que nous présentons ici est un résumé de quelques résultats récents obtenus dans [1, 2, 3, 5] concernant les modèles intra-hôtes multi-compartimentaux. Il s’agit d’une analyse mathématique et globale des modèles intra-hôtes de paludisme et de V.I.H . Mais avant de présenter ces résultats, nous rappelons d’abord la méthode de calcul développée par Van Den Driessche[71] concernant le taux de reproduction de base R0 car c’est cette méthode qu’utilisent les auteurs dans leur analyse. Ces modèles sont dits de Anderson-May-Gupter dont le modèle original est considéré comme précurseur. Une formule simple est donnée ici pour le calcul de R0 dans les modèles étudiés. Les résultats que nous rappelons ici sont obtenus pour un modèle du paludisme à un génotype de parasites et k classes d’âge, le modèle général à n génotypes de parasites et k classes d’âge, un modèle S E1 E2 · · ·En I S avec une chaîne linéaire de parasites et enfin le modèle général S Ei1 Ei2 · · ·Ein I S avec k chaîne linéaire de parasites. Lorsque R0 1, les auteurs montrent qu’il existe un point d’équilibre évident, le DFE (Disease Free Equilibrium) qui est GAS (globalement asymptotiquement stable) sur l’orthant positif. Lorsque R0 > 1, ils montrent l’existence d’un unique équilibre endémique dans l'orthant positif et moyennant une petite condition ils montrent que cet équilibre est globalement asymptotiquement stable.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdias Laohombé ◽  
Isabelle Ngningone Eya ◽  
Jean Jules Tewa ◽  
Alassane Bah ◽  
Samuel Bowong ◽  
...  

A two-patch model,SEi1,…,EinIiLi,  i=1,2, is used to analyze the spread of tuberculosis, with an arbitrary numbernof latently infected compartments in each patch. A fraction of infectious individuals that begun their treatment will not return to the hospital for the examination of sputum. This fact usually occurs in sub-Saharan Africa, due to many reasons. The model incorporates migrations from one patch to another. The existence and uniqueness of the associated equilibria are discussed. A Lyapunov function is used to show that when the basic reproduction ratio is less than one, the disease-free equilibrium is globally and asymptotically stable. When it is greater than one, there exists at least one endemic equilibrium. The local stability of endemic equilibria can be illustrated using numerical simulations. Numerical simulation results are provided to illustrate the theoretical results and analyze the influence of lost sight individuals.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Haibin Wang ◽  
Rui Xu

An HIV-1 infection model with latently infected cells and delayed immune response is investigated. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the local stability of each of feasible equilibria is established and the existence of Hopf bifurcations at the CTL-activated infection equilibrium is also studied. By means of suitable Lyapunov functionals and LaSalle’s invariance principle, it is proved that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction ratio for viral infectionR0≤1; if the basic reproduction ratio for viral infectionR0>1and the basic reproduction ratio for CTL immune responseR1≤1, the CTL-inactivated infection equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. If the basic reproduction ratio for CTL immune responseR1>1, the global stability of the CTL-activated infection equilibrium is also derived when the time delayτ=0. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the main results.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Qasem Al-Mdallal ◽  
Zareen A. Khan ◽  
Hasib Khan ◽  
...  

Abstract A simple deterministic epidemic model for tuberculosis is addressed in this article. The impact of effective contact rate, treatment rate, and incomplete treatment versus efficient treatment is investigated. We also analyze the asymptotic behavior, spread, and possible eradication of the TB infection. It is observed that the disease transmission dynamics is characterized by the basic reproduction ratio $\Re _{0}$ ℜ 0 ; if $\Re _{0}<1$ ℜ 0 < 1 , there is only a disease-free equilibrium which is both locally and globally asymptotically stable. Moreover, for $\Re _{0}>1$ ℜ 0 > 1 , a unique positive endemic equilibrium exists which is globally asymptotically stable. The global stability of the equilibria is shown via Lyapunov function. It is also obtained that incomplete treatment of TB causes increase in disease infection while efficient treatment results in a reduction in TB. Finally, for the estimated parameters, some numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical results. These numerical results indicate that decrease in the effective contact rate λ and increase in the treatment rate γ play a significant role in the TB infection control.


Author(s):  
B. El Boukari ◽  
N. Yousfi

In this work we investigate a new mathematical model that describes the interactions betweenCD4+ T cells, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), immune response and therapy with two drugs.Also an intracellular delay is incorporated into the model to express the lag between the time thevirus contacts a target cell and the time the cell becomes actively infected. The model dynamicsis completely defined by the basic reproduction number R0. If R0 ≤ 1 the disease-free equilibriumis globally asymptotically stable, and if R0 > 1, two endemic steady states exist, and their localstability depends on value of R0. We show that the intracellular delay affects on value of R0 becausea larger intracellular delay can reduce the value of R0 to below one. Finally, numerical simulationsare presented to illustrate our theoretical results.


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