scholarly journals Experimental investigation on the production of bio-oil from maize straw at a pilot scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 200592-0
Author(s):  
N. S. Rathore ◽  
Arjun Sanjay Paul ◽  
N. L. Panwar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Biomass Particle Size ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

The production of biofuel from agricultural crop residue via fast pyrolysis is becoming a popular option. It can help to build a robust renewable fuel market and ensure environmental sustainability. In this study, the widely available maize straw was used for the production of bio-oil in a fluidized bed reactor at a pilot scale. The effect of pyrolysis parameters such as temperature, biomass particle size, and carrier gas flow rate on the production of bio-oil, char, and syngas was investigated. The maximum bio-oil yield of 44.6 wt.% was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 500℃. The physicochemical properties of bio-oil were determined, and the heating value was found to be 18.5 MJ/kg. Furthermore, the chemical composition of maize straw bio-oil was analyzed by GC-MS and FTIR. The compounds such as phenol (22.83%), carboxylic acids (27.36%), ketone (19.14%) alcohols (2.09%), esters, furfural, hydrocarbon and aromatic compounds, etc. were identified in the bio-oil. The cost analysis of the developed system showed that the cost of production of bio-oil from maize straw was 0.47 US$/L and the calculated payback period was 1.47 year.

scholarly journals Effect of operating parameters on production of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of maize stalk in bubbling fluidized bed reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najaf Ali ◽  
Mahmood Saleem ◽  
Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Sadiq Hussain ◽  
Arshad Chughtai
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Superficial Velocity ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

Abstract The yield and composition of pyrolysis products depend on the characteristics of feed stock and process operating parameters. Effect of particle size, reaction temperature and carrier gas flow rate on the yield of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of Pakistani maize stalk was investigated. Pyrolysis experiments were performed at temperature range of 360-540°C, feed particle size of 1-2 mm and carrier gas fl ow rate of 7.0-13.0 m3/h (0.61.1 m/s superficial velocity). Bio-oil yield increased with the increase of temperature followed by a decreasing trend. The maximum yield of bio-oil obtained was 42 wt% at a temperature of 490°C with the particle size of around 1.0 mm and carrier gas flow rate of 11.0 m3/h (0.9 m/s superficial velocity). High temperatures resulted in the higher ratios of char and non-condensable gas.

scholarly journals PYROLYSIS OF CASSAVA BAGASSE INTO BIO-OIL USING Ni/NZA CATALYSTS

Konversi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefriadi Jefriadi ◽  
Syaiful Bahri ◽  
Sunarno Sunarno ◽  
Rinny Jelita
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Cassava Bagasse ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Methyl Cyclohexane ◽  
Percent Area

Cassava bagasse is a solid tapioca industry waste that can be used as an energy source. In this study, cassava bagasse was pyrolyzed to produce bio-oil and studied the effect of Ni/NZA catalysts on yield, heating value and distribution of bio-oil products. The making of Ni/NZA catalyst starts with the process of activating natural zeolite to produce natural zeolite activated (NZA). Furthermore, impregnation of Ni metals in NZA with Ni levels 1, 2 and 3% w/w (Ni/NZA). The next step is calcination, oxidation and reduction. Cassava is peeled, shredded, washed, filtered and dried and then mashed and screened with a 60 and 80 mesh sieve to obtain cassava bagasse biomass with a size of -60+80 mesh. 50 grams of cassava bagasse with 500 ml silinap and 1.5 gram Ni/NZA catalyst are pyrolyzed at 320oC with nitrogen gas flow of 80 mL/min. Bio-oil products are analyzed by the heating value and distribution of the products. The yield of bio-oil obtained on pyrolysis using 0% Ni/NZA was 54.27% and pyrolysis using 2% Ni/NZA obtained the highest yield of 61.87%. The highest bio-oil heating value was obtained in pyrolysis using 0% Ni/NZA which is 46.78 MJ/kg and lower with increasing Ni levels in NZA. The results of GC-MS analysis of the bio-oil products showed that the use of 1% Ni/NZA catalyst significantly increased the percent area of several components i.e. 2,4,4-trimethy-l-1-Pentene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-Hexadiene, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-Pentene and decreases the percent area of some other components i.e. 1-bromo-3-methyl-Cyclohexane, 2-methyl-1-Propene,tetramer, 1-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)-3-methyl-Cyclohexene and 3-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-Cyclohexanone.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of wild cyanophyta from Chaohu lake for bio-oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Juan Ci ◽  
Xin Lai Wei ◽  
Zhi Min Yu ◽  
Jie Jin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Chaohu Lake ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

<p>To solve the environmental problems caused by the algae, pyrolysis experiment was studied to produce bio-oil with the wild cyanophyta from Chaohu lake for the first time. The results showed that the suitable temperature, carrier gas flow rate, and the smaller particle size were better for liquid products generation, the liquid (bio-oil) yield obtained maximum (66 %) at temperature of 450 <sup>o</sup>C, carried gas flow rate of 50 mL/min and particle size of less than 0.25 mm. The main ingredients of liquid product from cyanophyta pyrolysis consisted of hydrocarbons, nitrogenous compounds, acids and other organic compounds (such as alcohols, phenols esters and non-identified materials). Acid content was the highest and greatly affected by temperature. The content of hydrocarbons was about 15%.</p>

The Physical Characteristics of Bio-Oil from Fast Pyrolysis of Rice Straw

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Yin Yang ◽  
Chih Yung Wu ◽  
Kun Ho Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

Rice straw is one of the main renewable energy sources in central and south Taiwan. In this study, bio-oil was produced from rice straw using a bench-scale plant that included a fluidized bed, a char removal system, and an oil collection system using an oil-recycling spray condenser. We investigated the effects of pyrolysis temperature and carrier gas flow rate on the distribution of products and on the properties of the bio-oil obtained. Experiments were conducted at reactor temperatures of 350–500 °C with carrier gas flow rates of 7.5–15 L/min and a feed rate of 1 kg/h. The results indicated that the optimum reaction temperature and carrier gas flow rate for the production of bio-oil were 450 °C and 10 L/min, respectively. The highest percentage of bio-oil in the products in these experiments was 41.3 wt%. The pH value of the bio-oil was ~4.1 and the viscosity was ~9 cSt (at 25 °C), depending on the storage time, temperature, and char content. This study establishes the operating parameters of a biomass fast pyrolysis system and provides some properties of rice straw bio-oil relevant to storage and use.

scholarly journals Effect of Carrier Gas Flow Rate on Bio-Oil Yield and Composition in Corn Cobs and Polypropylene Plastic Slow Co-Pyrolysis

Evergreen ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijan Supramono ◽  
Eliza Habna Lana ◽  
Setiadi ◽  
Mohammad Nasikin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

scholarly journals On factors affecting surface free energy of carbon black for reinforcing rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangyong Zhang ◽  
Ruipeng Zhong ◽  
Ruoyu Hong ◽  
David Hui
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

AbstractThe surface activity of carbon black (CB) is an important factor affecting the reinforcement of rubber. The quantitative determination of the surface activity (surface free energy) of CB is of great significance. A simplified formula is obtained to determine the free energy of CB surface through theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation. The surface free energy for four kinds of industrial CBs were measured by inverse gas chromatography, and the influential factors were studied. The results showed that the aging time of the chromatographic column plays an important role in accurate measurement of the surface free energy of CB, in comparison with the influences from the inlet pressure and carrier gas flow rate of the chromatographic column filled with CB. Several kinds of industrial CB were treated at high temperature, and the surface free energy of CB had a significant increase. With the increase of surface free energy, the maximum torque was decreased significantly, the elongation at break tended to increase, the heat generation of vulcanizates was increased, and the wear resistance was decreased.

scholarly journals Simulation of a Downdraft Gasifier for Production of Syngas from Different Biomass Feedstocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Mateus Paiva ◽  
Admilson Vieira ◽  
Helder T. Gomes ◽  
Paulo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Downdraft Gasifier ◽  
Process Operation ◽  
Independent Parameters ◽  
Gasification Temperature ◽  
Main Operating

In the evaluation of gasification processes, estimating the composition of the fuel gas for different conditions is fundamental to identify the best operating conditions. In this way, modeling and simulation of gasification provide an analysis of the process performance, allowing for resource and time savings in pilot-scale process operation, as it predicts the behavior and analyzes the effects of different variables on the process. Thus, the focus of this work was the modeling and simulation of biomass gasification processes using the UniSim Design chemical process software, in order to satisfactorily reproduce the operation behavior of a downdraft gasifier. The study was performed for two residual biomasses (forest and agricultural) in order to predict the produced syngas composition. The reactors simulated gasification by minimizing the free energy of Gibbs. The main operating parameters considered were the equivalence ratio (ER), steam to biomass ratio (SBR), and gasification temperature (independent variables). In the simulations, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, where the effects of these parameters on the composition of syngas, flow of syngas, and heating value (dependent variables) were studied, in order to maximize these three variables in the process with the choice of the best parameters of operation. The model is able to predict the performance of the gasifier and it is qualified to analyze the behavior of the independent parameters in the gasification results. With a temperature between 850 and 950 °C, SBR up to 0.2, and ER between 0.3 and 0.5, the best operating conditions are obtained for maximizing the composition of the syngas in CO and H2.

scholarly journals Biochar and Energy Production: Valorizing Swine Manure through Coupling Co-Digestion and Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén González ◽  
Judith González ◽  
José G. Rosas ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Xiomar Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil

Anaerobic digestion is an established technological option for the treatment of agricultural residues and livestock wastes beneficially producing renewable energy and digestate as biofertilizer. This technology also has significant potential for becoming an essential component of biorefineries for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass due to its great versatility in assimilating a wide spectrum of carbonaceous materials. The integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis of its digestates for enhanced waste treatment was studied. A theoretical analysis was performed for three scenarios based on the thermal needs of the process: The treatment of swine manure (scenario 1), co-digestion with crop wastes (scenario 2), and addition of residual glycerine (scenario 3). The selected plant design basis was to produce biochar and electricity via combined heat and power units. For electricity production, the best performing scenario was scenario 3 (producing three times more electricity than scenario 1), with scenario 2 resulting in the highest production of biochar (double the biochar production and 1.7 times more electricity than scenario 1), but being highly penalized by the great thermal demand associated with digestate dewatering. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a central composite design, predominantly to evaluate the bio-oil yield and its high heating value, as well as digestate dewatering. Results demonstrated the effect of these parameters on electricity production and on the global thermal demand of the plant. The main significant factor was the solid content attained in the dewatering process, which excessively penalized the global process for values lower than 25% TS.

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