scholarly journals Anthropogenic pollutants on top soils along a section of the Salaria state road, central Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Venuti ◽  
Laura Alfonsi ◽  
Andrea Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
The Road ◽  
Anthropogenic Contribution ◽  
Different Grain Size ◽  
High Traffic Density

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) is employed among others magnetic parameters to investigate pollution along a high traffic density road. In this study, MS field survey and magnetic laboratory analyses were applied to five sites along the Via Salaria road in the northern districts of Rome. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses have also been employed to reveal the nature of Fe rich particles of anthropogenic origin. In general, the soil samples revealed to contain low coercivity minerals (e.g., magnetite) with different grain size, Fe-oxides occurring in various forms (spherules, aggregates, octahedral crystals and angular particles) are typically found close to the road side border at some of the analyzed sites. Magnetic minerals concentration in proximity of the road border resulted higher at sites with higher traffic volume and, in general, decreases with the distance from it. Evidences of anthropogenic material in topsoils were found within the first 5 m from the road border. The study confirms that the in situ measurements of the magnetic susceptibility are a valuable tool to rapidly investigate variations in the magnetic susceptibility profile related to anthropogenic contribution.

scholarly journals Magnetic Signatures on River Sediments and Agricultural Soils as Proxy Indicators of Anthropogenic-derived Pollution (Case Study: Cikijing River, Rancaekek, West Java)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Dini Fitriani ◽  
Widya Utami ◽  
Kartika Hajar Kirana ◽  
Eleonora Agustine ◽  
Siti Zulaikah
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
West Java ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Magnetic Signatures

A number of activities occur around the Cikijing River in Rancaekek area, West Java, such as industrial and domestic activities. The various activities could decrease the quality of the river and surrounding environment due to anthropogenic pollutants that might be produced. Since the Cikijing River is also used as the source of irrigation, paddy fields around the river could be also be affected. The presence of pollutants in river sediments and agricultural soils over a long period could change their magnetic properties. Magnetic susceptibility of Cikijing River sediments and soils of the paddy fields in the surrounding have been examined considering that magnetic properties could represent environmental conditions. The results show that river sediments have magnetic susceptibility (cLF) in range of 356.2-456.3 (×10-8) m3kg-1, whereas soils samples have cLF varying from 94.1 to 347.1 (×10-8) m3kg-1, suggesting domination of ferrimagnetic minerals. The cFD (%) is <4% indicating the anthropogenic origin of magnetic minerals.  Electron microscopy images show the imperfect octahedral and spherules shapes of magnetic grains that supports magnetic susceptibility analysis about the source of magnetic minerals. Elemental composition analysis reveals Fe and O’s content as main elements, including minor elements of Ca, Mg, Al. Si, Ti and Cr

Mapping of apparent magnetic susceptibility and the identification of fractures: A case study from the Eye-Dashwa Lakes pluton, Atikokan, Ontario

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. B147-B156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline D. Lee ◽  
William A. Morris ◽  
Hernan A. Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Forward Modeling ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Susceptibility Map ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Apparent Susceptibility

In situ magnetic-susceptibility measurements are only possible on outcrops, which are often limited by overburden and water bodies. An alternative approach is to derive an apparent susceptibility map from total-magnetic-intensity (TMI) surveys, which was done in this study for the Eye-Dashwa Lakes pluton near Atikokan, Ontario. Susceptibility logs of cores directly link alteration to systematic changes in the amount and composition of magnetic minerals. The surficial distribution of alteration zones was originally estimated from a limited number of in situ magnetic-susceptibility measurements. Here, through forward modeling of the TMI data set, susceptibility data are used to validate the apparent susceptibility data set. The modeling accounts for the bathymetric surface of all lakes that cover the area. A two-step process of bulk and local-scale modeling was used to estimate apparent susceptibility patterns. Bulk magnetic susceptibility is used as an indicator of overall alteration content, and local-scale apparent magnetic-susceptibility values are computed using a forward-modeling routine. The new apparent magnetic data set indicates northwest and northeast linears, which are the same as those seen in previous studies.

Magnetic susceptibility mapping of the Sudbury area, Ontario, Canada: evaluating pollution distributions decades later

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yurtseven-Sandker ◽  
M.T. Cioppa
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Mining Sites

This study evaluates the use of magnetic susceptibility and magnetic parameter measurements in assessing spatial and temporal variations of pollutants that emanated from mining industries in and around Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. For this purpose, in situ magnetic susceptibility (κin situ) was measured at 106 sites on a grid of 10 km × 10 km and 5 km × 5 km. The κin situ values ranged from 2 × 10−5 to 149 × 10−5 SI, and the highest κin situ values were observed near the active (Copper Cliff) and inactive (Coniston) mining sites. The lowest κin situ values were measured at increased distances from possible pollution sources; therefore, mapping of in situ magnetic susceptibility values is a proxy to polluted areas in and around Sudbury. To evaluate potential anthropogenic and (or) lithogenic input to κin situ, low-frequency mass specific magnetic susceptibility (χlf) variations with depth were classified into four different types of profiles. For further investigation of magnetic minerals in the samples, laboratory measurements of magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis properties, thermosusceptibility curves, anhysteretic and isothermal magnetizations, and scanning electron microscopy – energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) were also conducted on the soil samples. Laboratory measurements indicated that ferrimagnetic minerals (e.g., magnetite) of variable grain size were the dominant magnetic minerals, with the exception of one site that contained an iron sulfide (greigite) phase near a mine waste site. Magnetic spherules observed in SEM micrographs are of variable sizes (6–60 μm), suggesting that suspended particulate matter (PM10) is present, and may be a health concern. At some sites, EDS analysis showed that heavy metals (Co, Al, and Ni), which threaten human health, are also present in the study area.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN ALTERNATIF GEOMETRIK DAN METODE PELAKSANAAN RUAS JALAN NGRAHO – NGAWI STA.14+500 - STA.19+500

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Agung Gagah Harmawanto ◽  
Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo ◽  
Sigit Winarto
Keyword(s):  
Good Alternative ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
The Road ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Spiral Shape ◽  
High Traffic Density

Ngraho - Ngawi Sta. 14 + 500 – Sta. 19 + 500 highway is a collector connecting Bojonegoro to Ngawi Due to high traffic density, a road geometric Development is in need. The objective of this final project is to plan a good alternative geometric design-safe, comfortable, and easy to access. The required data were of topographic map and the road geometric design was based on the “Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota” General Works Standart No. 038/TBM/1997. The calculations result in Class 2 – lane collector road with one lane of 3 m wide having 8 turns, twists PI1 Spiral-Spiral, PI2 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI3 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI4 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI5 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI6 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI7 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, and turn PI8 Spiral-Spiral shape PPV PPV 1 concave and 2 convex, concave 3 PPV.Jalan provinsi ruas Ngraho – Ngawi Sta. 14+500 – Sta. 19+500 adalah jalan kolektor yang menghubungkan kota Bojonegoro - Ngawi. Karena lalu lintasnya padat, maka perlu diadakan peningkatan geometrik jalan.  Dalam laporan akhir ini penulis membuat perencanaan alternatif desain geometrik jalan yang baik-aman,nyaman, dan mudah diakses oleh pengguna jalan. Data yang digunakan adalah peta topografi dan perencanaan desain geometrik jalan berpedoman oleh “Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota” Standar Bina Marga No.038/TBM/1997. Dari perhitungan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: kelas jalan kolektor dengan 2 lajur 1 jalur dan memiliki lebar 3 m, 8 tikungan, tikungan PI1Spiral-Spiral, PI2 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI3 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI4 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI5 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI6 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI7 Spiral-Circle-Spiral,dan tikunganPI8 Spiral-Spiralbentuk PPV 1 cekung dan PPV 2 cembung, PPV 3 cekung.

scholarly journals PELUANG PENGHEMATAN ENERGI PADA BILLBOARD UKURAN SEDANG DAN BESAR SE-KOTA BANDUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Sapto Parjogo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Outdoor Advertising ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City ◽  
High Traffic Density ◽  
Low Traffic

Billboard is the type of outdoor advertising. For this reasonable effectiveness of the billboards were placed and selected on the road that has high traffic density. Furthermore, in order to attract attention, the billboard is equipped with powerful lights large enough to get eye catching effect. At certain hours of relatively low traffic density, so that the expected level of effectiveness of billboards as a function of promotion will also be decreased. In these conditions for reasons of energy saving light energy should be reduced or even turned off. The problem is what time the street has low traffic density. Based on these reasons, it is necessary to conserve energy on billboards as the city of Bandung by conducting a review the level of traffic density per hour and determine the feasibility level of energy use electricity for lighting Billboards.

scholarly journals Can Machine Learning and PS-InSAR Reliably Stand in for Road Profilometric Surveys?

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3377
Author(s):  
Nicholas Fiorentini ◽  
Mehdi Maboudi ◽  
Pietro Leandri ◽  
Massimo Losa
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
International Roughness Index ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Interferometric Sar

This paper proposes a methodology for correlating products derived by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements and laser profilometric road roughness surveys. The procedure stems from two previous studies, in which several Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs) have been calibrated for predicting the average vertical displacement (in terms of mm/year) of road pavements as a result of exogenous phenomena occurrence, such as subsidence. Such algorithms are based on surveys performed with Persistent Scatterer Interferometric SAR (PS-InSAR) over an area of 964 km2 in the Tuscany Region, Central Italy. Starting from this basis, in this paper, we propose to integrate the information provided by these MLAs with 10 km of in situ profilometric measurements of the pavement surface roughness and relative calculation of the International Roughness Index (IRI). Accordingly, the aim is to appreciate whether and to what extent there is an association between displacements estimated by MLAs and IRI values. If a dependence exists, we may argue that road regularity is driven by exogenous phenomena and MLAs allow for the replacement of in situ surveys, saving considerable time and money. In this research framework, results reveal that there are several road sections that manifest a clear association among these two methods, while others denote that the relationship is weaker, and in situ activities cannot be bypassed to evaluate the real pavement conditions. We could wrap up that, in these stretches, the road regularity is driven by endogenous factors which MLAs did not integrate during their training. Once additional MLAs conditioned by endogenous factors have been developed (such as traffic flow, the structure of the pavement layers, and material characteristics), practitioners should be able to estimate the quality of pavement over extensive and complex road networks quickly, automatically, and with relatively low costs.

scholarly journals Analisis Suseptibilitas Dan Histeresis Magnetik Pada Endapan Pasir Besi Di Sulawesi Utara

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Gerald Tamuntuan ◽  
Seni H.J. Tongkukut ◽  
Guntur Pasau
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
The West ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Domain State ◽  
Grain Size Distributions ◽  
Different Grain Size

Telah dilakukan pengukuran suseptibilitas dan hysteresis magnetic untuk mengetahui karakteristik magnetic endapan pasir besi pada beberapa lokasi di Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga lokasi di pesisir timur semenanjung utara Pulau Sulawesi yaitu daerah Belang, Hais, dan Minanga, serta tiga lokasi di wilayah pesisir barat yaitu daerah Lalow, Inobonto, dan Lolan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa nilai suseptibilitas magnetic pada sampel-sampel pasir yang diukur bervariasi dari 7,73 × 10-8 m3kg-1 hingga 436,38 × 10-8 m3kg-1. Pengukuran suseptibilitas magnetik pada empat distribusi ukuran bulir pasir yang berbeda menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata tertinggi suseptibiltas adalah pada pasir berukuran halus (fine grains). Secara umum, pasir besi pada daerah pantai timur semenanjung utara Pulau Sulawesi memiliki nilai suseptibilitas magnetik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah pantai barat. Konsentrasi mineral superparamagnetik tertinggi berada pada daerah Belang. Mineral magnetik yang dominan dari sampel-sampel pasir besi yang diteliti adalah magnetit dengan domain statepseudo-single domain.Magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis parameters of iron sand deposits at several locations in North Sulawesi have been measuredin order to determine their magnetic characteristics. Samples were taken from six locations which is three locations on the east coast of the northern arm of Sulawesi Island (Belang, Hais and Minanga) and three othersfrom the western coastal areas (Lalow, Inobonto and Lolan).The result shows that magnetic susceptibility of the sand samples vary from 7,73 × 10-8 m3kg-1to 436,38 × 10-8 m3kg-1.Measurement of magnetic susceptibility in four different grain size distributions shows that fine grainsand have the highest susceptibility value.In general, magnetic susceptibility valueof Iron sand samplesfrom the east coast of the northarm of Sulawesi Island was higher than the west coast. Concentration of superparamagnetic mineral from Belang area was higher than other locations. The predominant magnetic minerals of the iron sand samples are magnetite with the domain state pseudo-single domain.

Anisotropy of out-of-phase magnetic susceptibility as a tool for tracking heavy metals pollution: a new approach to environmental magnetism study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dudzisz ◽  
Szymon Oryński ◽  
Beata Górka-Kostrubiec ◽  
Wojciech Klityński
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Magnetic Fabric ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Magnetic Fabrics ◽  
Migration Pathways

&lt;p&gt;Soil contamination by heavy metals has become a severe problem in many parts of the world, affecting people and other living organisms. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was successfully used to track deformation and flow directions in rocks and unconsolidated sediment, however, it has been very rarely applied to soils. In this study, magnetic susceptibility, electromagnetic (EM) methods and AMS of soils around three historical mining areas at the Sudetes Mountains (Poland) were studied. These sites are diversified in terms of exploitation time and type of ore (Zloty Stok &amp;#8211; gold and arsenic, Janowa Gora &amp;#8211; iron and Szklary - nickel). They were selected in order to examine the spatial spread of contamination from mine tailings, their potential sources and to test the potential use of the AMS to study migration pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Magnetic susceptibility (&amp;#208;&amp;#186;), GCM (ground Conductivity Electromagnetic Method) and magnetometric measurements were carried out in situ to get a spatial resolution of the magnetic data. Bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility meter was used for mapping of &amp;#208;&amp;#186;, whereas GCM measurements were made to obtain conductivity distribution from 6 different depth ranges. Magnetometric measurements were conducted with GEM GSM-19T Overhauser Magnetometer integrated with GPS, allowing for measurement of the total magnetic field and its vertical gradient. Moreover, soils samples were taken for further analyses in the laboratory. For AMS measurements, all samples were oriented northward and carefully placed into 8 ccm plastic, non-magnetic cubic boxes to prevent artificial modification of in situ magnetic fabrics. Then, these samples were measured in three mutually perpendicular positions using KLY-5 Kappabridge (Agico).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The highest values of magnetic susceptibility (1-5x10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; SI) are observed around nickel tailings, whereas the lowest values (60-120x10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; SI) characterise iron mining area. Preliminary results of GCM and magnetometry indicate the occurrence of overlapping anomalies in the studied area. Mapping of in situ magnetic susceptibility shows variability within particular sites. For Szklary, all three methods indicate the presence of the elongated anomaly roughly NE-SW oriented. Although AMS axes of in-phase susceptibility are randomly distributed for all sites, the magnetic fabric created by ferromagnetic minerals (out-of-phase, opAMS) indicate well grouped maximum susceptibility axes mainly oriented NE-SW. There is a clear correlation between mapped anomaly around nickel tailings (Szklary) and opAMS lineation. Outside the anomaly, opAMS directions are oriented SE-NW. For other sites, opAMS is also in line with the results of EM methods. Taking into account these results, as well as landforms and hydrological conditions, it could be concluded that magnetic minerals accompanied with heavy metals, most likely, migrate with subsurface runoff and opAMS is capable of detecting changes in the direction of the pollution spread. However, more study is necessary to fully explain this mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals A Fuzzy Model to Interpret Data of Drive Performances from Patients with Sleep Deprivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Sena ◽  
Paolo Attianese ◽  
Francesca Carbone ◽  
Arcangelo Pellegrino ◽  
Aldo Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
The Road ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Control Command ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Traffic Density

The search for safe vehicles is increasing with both diffusion of high traffic density over the world and availability of new technologies providing sophisticated tools previously impossible to realize. Design and development of the necessary devices may be based on simulation tests that reduce cost allowing trials in many directions. A proper choice of the arrangement of the drive simulators, as much as of the parameters to be monitored, is of basic importance as they can address the design of devices somehow responsible for the drivers safety or, even their lives. This system setup, consisting of a free car simulator equipped with a monitoring system, collects in a nonintrusive way data of the car lateral position within the road lane and of its first derivative. Based on these measured parameters, the system is able to detect symptoms of drowsiness and sleepiness. The analysis is realized by a fuzzy inferential process that provides an immediate warning signal as soon as drowsiness is detected with a high level of certainty. Enhancement of reliability and minimisation of the false alarm rate are obtained by operating continuous comparison between learned driver typical modalities of operation on the control command of the vehicle the pattern recorded.

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