scholarly journals A Fuzzy Model to Interpret Data of Drive Performances from Patients with Sleep Deprivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Sena ◽  
Paolo Attianese ◽  
Francesca Carbone ◽  
Arcangelo Pellegrino ◽  
Aldo Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
The Road ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Control Command ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Traffic Density

The search for safe vehicles is increasing with both diffusion of high traffic density over the world and availability of new technologies providing sophisticated tools previously impossible to realize. Design and development of the necessary devices may be based on simulation tests that reduce cost allowing trials in many directions. A proper choice of the arrangement of the drive simulators, as much as of the parameters to be monitored, is of basic importance as they can address the design of devices somehow responsible for the drivers safety or, even their lives. This system setup, consisting of a free car simulator equipped with a monitoring system, collects in a nonintrusive way data of the car lateral position within the road lane and of its first derivative. Based on these measured parameters, the system is able to detect symptoms of drowsiness and sleepiness. The analysis is realized by a fuzzy inferential process that provides an immediate warning signal as soon as drowsiness is detected with a high level of certainty. Enhancement of reliability and minimisation of the false alarm rate are obtained by operating continuous comparison between learned driver typical modalities of operation on the control command of the vehicle the pattern recorded.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ANNUAL MILEAGE AS A RATING VARIABLE

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Lemaire ◽  
Sojung Carol Park ◽  
Kili C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Auto Insurance ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
High Traffic Density

AbstractAuto insurance companies must adapt to ever-evolving regulations and technological progress. Several variables commonly used to predict accidents rates, such as gender and territory, are being questioned by regulators. Insurers are pressured to find new variables that predict accidents more accurately and are socially acceptable. Annual mileage seems an ideal candidate. The recent development in new technologies should induce insurance carriers to explore ways to introduce mileage-based insurance premiums. We use the unique database of a major insurer in Taiwan to investigate whether annual mileage should be introduced as a rating variable in auto third-party liability insurance. We find that annual mileage is an extremely powerful predictor of the number of claims at-fault. The inclusion of mileage as a new variable should, however, not take place at the expense of bonus-malus systems; rather, the information contained in the bonus-malus premium level complements the value of annual mileage. An accurate rating system should therefore include annual mileage and bonus-malus as the two main building blocks, possibly supplemented by the use of other variables like age, territory and engine cubic capacity. While Taiwan has specific characteristics (high traffic density, a mild bonus-malus system and limited compulsory auto coverage), our results are so strong that we can confidently conjecture that they extend to all developed nations.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN ALTERNATIF GEOMETRIK DAN METODE PELAKSANAAN RUAS JALAN NGRAHO – NGAWI STA.14+500 - STA.19+500

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Agung Gagah Harmawanto ◽  
Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo ◽  
Sigit Winarto
Keyword(s):  
Good Alternative ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
The Road ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Spiral Shape ◽  
High Traffic Density

Ngraho - Ngawi Sta. 14 + 500 – Sta. 19 + 500 highway is a collector connecting Bojonegoro to Ngawi Due to high traffic density, a road geometric Development is in need. The objective of this final project is to plan a good alternative geometric design-safe, comfortable, and easy to access. The required data were of topographic map and the road geometric design was based on the “Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota” General Works Standart No. 038/TBM/1997. The calculations result in Class 2 – lane collector road with one lane of 3 m wide having 8 turns, twists PI1 Spiral-Spiral, PI2 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI3 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI4 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI5 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI6 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI7 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, and turn PI8 Spiral-Spiral shape PPV PPV 1 concave and 2 convex, concave 3 PPV.Jalan provinsi ruas Ngraho – Ngawi Sta. 14+500 – Sta. 19+500 adalah jalan kolektor yang menghubungkan kota Bojonegoro - Ngawi. Karena lalu lintasnya padat, maka perlu diadakan peningkatan geometrik jalan.  Dalam laporan akhir ini penulis membuat perencanaan alternatif desain geometrik jalan yang baik-aman,nyaman, dan mudah diakses oleh pengguna jalan. Data yang digunakan adalah peta topografi dan perencanaan desain geometrik jalan berpedoman oleh “Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota” Standar Bina Marga No.038/TBM/1997. Dari perhitungan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: kelas jalan kolektor dengan 2 lajur 1 jalur dan memiliki lebar 3 m, 8 tikungan, tikungan PI1Spiral-Spiral, PI2 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI3 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI4 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI5 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI6 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI7 Spiral-Circle-Spiral,dan tikunganPI8 Spiral-Spiralbentuk PPV 1 cekung dan PPV 2 cembung, PPV 3 cekung.

scholarly journals Statistic Equation to Estimate the Amount of CO2 Emission Produced From High Traffic Density Roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Rania Rushdy Moussa ◽  
Mahmoud M. M. Mansour ◽  
Naglaa Mohamed Yossif
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Traffic Density

Energy consumption, especially the energy used for electricity supply has doubled in the past three decades, causing a drastic increase in the carbon emissions produced. Between 1990 and 2005 globally, the amount of CO2 emissions increased 25%. It is estimated that vehicles produce approximately 30% of the global NOx and 14% of global CO2 emissions. Egypt is the fourteenth biggest wellspring of CO2 emissions among all GEF program nations. It was proven that 66% of CO2 emissions comes from fossil fuel as a primary energy consuming source, playing a key role in the overall carbon intensity. The problem of this research is that the roads in developing countries produce a high level of carbon emissions, and the level is increasing due to the heavy usage of fossil fuels in the transportation sector. This research presents statistical analysis equation to analyse the amount of CO2 emissions produced from roads without using heavy and expensive equipment’s. Moreover, the equation can be used as a tool to estimate the amount of CO2 emissions produced from roads during the design phase in order to improve the design and reduce carbon emissions in roads. According to the statistics the main factors affecting the amount of CO2 produced in roads are the electricity generations, types of vehicles and vehicles speed. The research used experimental method to validate the equation by measuring CO2 emissions in high traffic density road using measuring device and compared the measuring results with the statistic equation results. The presented equation should help in reducing the amount of CO2 produced in roads, in return it will help in reducing the growth of global problems such as climate change and ozone depletion.

scholarly journals PELUANG PENGHEMATAN ENERGI PADA BILLBOARD UKURAN SEDANG DAN BESAR SE-KOTA BANDUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Sapto Parjogo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Outdoor Advertising ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City ◽  
High Traffic Density ◽  
Low Traffic

Billboard is the type of outdoor advertising. For this reasonable effectiveness of the billboards were placed and selected on the road that has high traffic density. Furthermore, in order to attract attention, the billboard is equipped with powerful lights large enough to get eye catching effect. At certain hours of relatively low traffic density, so that the expected level of effectiveness of billboards as a function of promotion will also be decreased. In these conditions for reasons of energy saving light energy should be reduced or even turned off. The problem is what time the street has low traffic density. Based on these reasons, it is necessary to conserve energy on billboards as the city of Bandung by conducting a review the level of traffic density per hour and determine the feasibility level of energy use electricity for lighting Billboards.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic pollutants on top soils along a section of the Salaria state road, central Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Venuti ◽  
Laura Alfonsi ◽  
Andrea Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
The Road ◽  
Anthropogenic Contribution ◽  
Different Grain Size ◽  
High Traffic Density

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) is employed among others magnetic parameters to investigate pollution along a high traffic density road. In this study, MS field survey and magnetic laboratory analyses were applied to five sites along the Via Salaria road in the northern districts of Rome. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses have also been employed to reveal the nature of Fe rich particles of anthropogenic origin. In general, the soil samples revealed to contain low coercivity minerals (e.g., magnetite) with different grain size, Fe-oxides occurring in various forms (spherules, aggregates, octahedral crystals and angular particles) are typically found close to the road side border at some of the analyzed sites. Magnetic minerals concentration in proximity of the road border resulted higher at sites with higher traffic volume and, in general, decreases with the distance from it. Evidences of anthropogenic material in topsoils were found within the first 5 m from the road border. The study confirms that the in situ measurements of the magnetic susceptibility are a valuable tool to rapidly investigate variations in the magnetic susceptibility profile related to anthropogenic contribution.

Design and Simulation of Smart Control System for Internet Traffic Distribution on Servers by Using Fuzzy Logic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raid Daoud ◽  
Yaareb Al-Khashab
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Control System ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Traffic Distribution ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
High Level

The internet service is provided by a given number of servers located in the main node of internet service provider (ISP). In some cases; the overload problem was occurred because a demand on a given website goes to very high level. In this paper, a fuzzy logic control (FLC) has proposed to distribute the load into the internet servers by a smart and flexible manner. Three effected parameters are tacked into account as input for FLC: link capacity which has three linguistic variables with Gaussian membership function (MF): (small, medium and big), traffic density with linguistic variables (low, normal and high) and channel latency with linguistic variables (empty, half and full); with one output which is the share server status (single, simple and share). The proposed work has been simulated by using MATLAB 2016a, by building a structure in the Fuzzy toolbox. The results were fixed by two manners: the graphical curves and the numerical tables, the surface response was smoothly changed and translates the well-fixed control system. The numerical results of the control system satisfy the idea of the smart rout for the incoming traffics from the users to internet servers. So, the response of the proposed system for the share of server ratio is 0.122, when the input parameter in the smallest levels; and the ratio is 0.879 when the input parameters are in highest level. The smart work and flexible use for the FLC is the main success solution for most of today systems control.

Open source software as a mature library system in Armenia

Infolib ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Anna Chulyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Efficient Organization ◽  
Digital Repositories ◽  
High Level

The article touches upon the importance of long-term digital preservation of Armenian cultural heritage through creation of digital repositories using Open-Source Software in Armenian libraries. The research highlights the advantages of Open-Source Software in context of providing free access to digital materials, as well as its high level of functionality in order to empower libraries with new technologies for more efficient organization and dissemination of information.

Review of recent developments on improvement of estimated regulatory documentation for road works

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (23) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Anatolii Tsynka ◽  
◽  
Andrii Hrinchuk ◽  
Ivan Rakovych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Road Work ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. In the modern conditions of the pricing system in the construction of Ukraine, the key value have the estimated norms, which are presented in separate collections, the main purpose of which is to determine the standard quantity of resources required to perform a particular type of work as a basis for the transition to the cost indicators. In order to determine the cost of road work objectively and accurately, it is essential that the indicators of estimated norms meet the requirements of regulatory documents and modern methods of execution of road works.Problematics. In connection with the active improvement of the regulatory base of the road construction industry, permanent upgrade of road organizations technique fleet, the introduction of new technologies and materials in construction and operation of roads, improving the methods of work there is a discrepancy between the existing resource element of estimated norms and the actual conditions of work in terms of built-up labor costs, the operation time of machines and mechanisms and the range of materials. Accordingly, it affects the reliability and accuracy of determining the cost of road works.Purpose. Improvement and harmonization with actual working conditions and requirements of regulatory documents of industry regulatory and estimate base of resource elementary estimated norms for work performed during construction, reconstruction, repair and operational maintenance of roads and bridges to ensure reliable and valid technical, economic and estimated calculations.Materials and methods. During work performance the analysis of the regulatory documentation, establishing the requirements to the technology of road works and materials has been carried out. A number of chronometric observations with the measurement of time of road works in full-scale conditions was carried out. The obtained data were summarized, averaged and on their basis the indicators of the resource element of the estimated norms were estimated.Results. A review of the main amendments and additions, which came into force after the approval of Amendment No 2 SOU 42.1-37641918-035:2018 [1] and Amendment No 2 SOU 42.1-37641918-071:2018 [2], which were developed to improve the regulatory-estimate base for the calculation of road works, taking into account the requirements and provisions of existing regulatory documents taking into account the current state of scientific and technological progress in the road sector.Conclusions. The above analysis of the amendments that came into force with the approval of [1]. and [2] will systematize the innovations provided by the requirements of current regulatory documents on the calculation of the cost of road works and the development of relevant documents at all stages of the investment process, planning and organization of road works, as well as the writing-off of material resources. Review and systematization of recent improvements in the estimated regulatory documents for road works will provide an opportunity to optimally plan the use of available material, labor and financial resources, often limited.Keywords: public road, operational maintenance, investment documentation, overhaul and current repairs, machine, mechanism, regulatory document, resource element estimate norm, Standard of Organization of Ukraine.

Understanding the Lateral Dimension of Traffic: Measuring and Modeling Lane Discipline

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110318
Author(s):  
Rafael Delpiano
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Multiple Cameras ◽  
Lateral Velocity ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Lateral Dimension ◽  
Vehicle Position ◽  
Longitudinal Position

There is growing interest in understanding the lateral dimension of traffic. This trend has been motivated by the detection of phenomena unexplained by traditional models and the emergence of new technologies. Previous attempts to address this dimension have focused on lane-changing and non-lane-based traffic. The literature on vehicles keeping their lanes has generally been limited to simple statistics on vehicle position while models assume vehicles stay perfectly centered. Previously the author developed a two-dimensional traffic model aiming to capture such behavior qualitatively. Still pending is a deeper, more accurate comprehension and modeling of the relationships between variables in both axes. The present paper is based on the Next Generation SIMulation (NGSIM) datasets. It was found that lateral position is highly dependent on the longitudinal position, a phenomenon consistent with data capture from multiple cameras. A methodology is proposed to alleviate this problem. It was also discovered that the standard deviation of lateral velocity grows with longitudinal velocity and that the average lateral position varies with longitudinal velocity by up to 8 cm, possibly reflecting greater caution in overtaking. Random walk models were proposed and calibrated to reproduce some of the characteristics measured. It was determined that drivers’ response is much more sensitive to the lateral velocity than to position. These results provide a basis for further advances in understanding the lateral dimension. It is hoped that such comprehension will facilitate the design of autonomous vehicle algorithms that are friendlier to both passengers and the occupants of surrounding vehicles.

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