scholarly journals Active tectonics around the Mediterranean region: site studies and application of new methodologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cucci ◽  
Paolo Marco De Martini ◽  
Eulalia Masana ◽  
Kris Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Tectonic Movements

<p>More than 25 years have passed since the definition of Active Tectonics as "tectonic movements that are expected to occur within a future time span of concern to society", formulated in a milestone book by the National Research Council on this topic (Studies in Geophysics, Active Tectonics, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1986), and those words have still to be considered the most suitable and exhaustive way to explain this branch of the Earth Sciences. Indeed only bridging together basic studies ("tectonic movements"), rates of occurrence ("time span") and hazard assessment ("society") can we fully evaluate ongoing tectonic activity and its associated hazards. The broad Mediterranean Sea region is a paradigmatic area from this point of view, as on one hand this region displays in a relatively limited geographic extent a great variety of tectonic processes such as plate collision, subduction, volcanic activity, large-magnitude earthquakes, active folding and faulting, vertical uplift and/or subsidence. On the other hand, all the above mentioned tectonic processes can potentially affect a total population of about 450 million, mostly concentrated in fast-growing urban areas and/or close to industrial compounds and critical facilities often located nearby hazard sources. […]</p>

scholarly journals TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY OF ESCARPMENTS: THE CASES OF KOMPOTADES AND ΝΕΑ ANCHIALOS FAULTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zovoili ◽  
E. Konstantinidi ◽  
I. K. Koukouvelas
Keyword(s):  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Tectonic Geomorphology ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Sinuosity Index ◽  
Geomorphic Indices ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Active Processes

Most active processes on the surface imply that tectonics and geomorphology converge in a way that landscape change may be used as a tectonic signal, given that erosion and weathering have been taken into account. We selected two faults, the Kompotades and the Nea Anchialos faults in the Sperchios and South Thessaly rift zones respectively, and we performed a morphometric analysis. This analysis comprises geomorphic indices that have been used successfully in studies of active tectonics, as the mountain front sinuosity index (Smf), stream gradient index (SL) and valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf). At both studied mountain fronts, the Vf index ranged between 0,4 to 1,2, implying high uplift rates, while the Smf «1 index revealed relatively high tectonic activity, which decreases towards the west. On the other hand, the SL index though more sensitive to non-tectonic processes, (i.e. the rock resistance, stream length) is less indicative of tectonic activity. Based on the distribution of the geomorphic indices a two-fault strand model is suggested forming the mountain front in the two examples with the range-ward fault strand to be more appropriate for Kompotades fault and the basinward fault strand for Nea Anchialos fault.

Integrated waste water management for a small river basin - a case study

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
R. Fenz ◽  
M. Zessner ◽  
N. Kreuzinger ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The North ◽  
Waste Water Management

In Austria approximately 70% of the population is connected to sewerage and to biological waste water treatment plants. Whereas the urban areas are already provided with these facilities to a very high extent, effort is still needed in rural areas to meet the requirements of the Austrian legislation. The way, this task should be solved has provoked much controversy. It is mainly the question, whether centralised or decentralised sewage disposal systems are preferable from the ecological and economical point of view, that became a political issue during the last 5 years. The Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management was asked to elaborate a waste water management concept for the Lainsitz River Basin, a mainly rural area in the north of Austria discharging to the Elbe river. Both ecological and economical aspects should be considered. This paper presents the methodology that was applied and the criteria which were decisive for the selection of the final solution.

scholarly journals Transition from Emotional to Rational Advertising for Food Products on the Romanian Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
A.F. Jităreanu ◽  
Elena Leonte ◽  
A. Chiran ◽  
Benedicta Drobotă
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Brand Advertising ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Advertising helps to establish a set of assumptions that the consumer will bring to all other aspects of their engagement with a given brand. Advertising provides tangible evidence of the financial credibility and competitive presence of an organization. Persuasion is becoming more important in advertising. In marketing, persuasive advertising acts to establish wants/motivations and beliefs/attitudes by helping to formulate a conception of the brand as being one which people like those in the target audience would or should prefer. Considering the changes in lifestyle and eating habits of a significant part of the population in urban areas in Romania, the paper aims to analyse how brands manage to differentiate themselves from competitors, to reposition themselves on the market and influence consumers, meeting their increasingly varied needs. Food brands on the Romanian market are trying, lately, to identify new methods of differentiation and new benefits for their buyers. Given that more and more consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about what they eat and the products’ health effects, brands struggle to highlight the fact that their products offer real benefits for the body. The advertisements have become more diversified and underline the positive effects, from the health and well - being point of view, that those foods offer (no additives and preservatives, use of natural ingredients, various vitamins and minerals or the fact that they are dietary). Advertising messages’ diversification is obvious on the Romanian market, in the context of an increasing concern of the population for the growing level of information of some major consumer segments.

scholarly journals Tectonic Evolution of the SE West Siberian Basin (Russia): Evidence from Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology of Its Exposed Crystalline Basement

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Vetrov ◽  
Johan De Grave ◽  
Natalia I. Vetrova ◽  
Fedor I. Zhimulev ◽  
Simon Nachtergaele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Fission Track ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Apatite Fission Track ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Fission Track Thermochronology ◽  
History Of ◽  
West Siberian Basin

The West Siberian Basin (WSB) is one of the largest intracratonic Meso-Cenozoic basins in the world. Its evolution has been studied over the recent decades; however, some fundamental questions regarding the tectonic evolution of the WSB remain unresolved or unconfirmed by analytical data. A complete understanding of the evolution of the WSB during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras requires insights into the cooling history of the basement rocks as determined by low-temperature thermochronometry. We presented an apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology study on the exposed parts of the WSB basement in order to distinguish tectonic activation episodes in an absolute timeframe. AFT dating of thirteen basement samples mainly yielded Cretaceous cooling ages and mean track lengths varied between 12.8 and 14.5 μm. Thermal history modeling based on the AFT data demonstrates several Mesozoic and Cenozoic intracontinental tectonic reactivation episodes affected the WSB basement. We interpreted the episodes of tectonic activity accompanied by the WSB basement exhumation as a far-field effect from tectonic processes acting on the southern and eastern boundaries of Eurasia during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic eras.

Relationship between Laboratory Abrasion Tests and Service Performance

1949 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 838-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Griffith ◽  
E. B. Storey ◽  
J. W. D. Barkley ◽  
F. M. McGilvray
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Viscous Material ◽  
The Road ◽  
Canadian National Research Council ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Department Of National Defence

Abstract In development work on GR-S commercial recapping compounds originated in 1943 by the Directorate of Mechanical Engineering, Department of National Defence, Ottawa, Canada, in which an attempt was made to correlate road performance with physical properties as determined in the laboratory, it was found that no relationship whatever existed between the results of road tests carried out under the supervision of that directorate and standard laboratory abrasion resistance tests carried out in the Canadian National Research Council Rubber Laboratory at Ottawa. In the laboratory test the sandpaper in the abrasion machine became coated with a smear of tacky viscous material which the air jet was unable to remove. Under these conditions the rubber tends to slide over the sandpaper surface, with relatively little actual abrasion of the rubber. The effect remains even after a considerable overcure of the sample. It was felt that the removal of the tacky viscous material from vulcanized GR-S by extraction might give more reliable abrasion resistance results, inasmuch as, on the road, rubber is constantly coming in contact with a new surface and such viscous material is thus being continually removed as it migrates to the surface of the rubber. From this point of view, then, the tread surface while being abraded on the road may be looked upon as extracted rubber and may be considered as conforming closely to the extracted laboratory specimen.

scholarly journals MORPHOTECTONIC EVALUATION OF SIRCH MOUNTAINS USING WATER BASIN GEOMORPHIC INDICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Nafise HOSEINI ◽  
◽  
Shahram BAFTI ◽  
Reza DERAKHSHANI ◽  
Mohammad GHANBARIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Form Factor ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Active Tectonic ◽  
Morphotectonic Indices

Morphotectonic indices are useful instruments for investigating the effect of tectonic activity in a certain region. Calculation of these indicators using the advantages of Geographical Information System, GIS, in a large area is useful for detecting potential disorders related to active tectonics. This method is useful in regions on which few morphotectonic studies have been conducted. An example of such areas can be the watersheds of the Sirch mountainous region. The watersheds of the Sirch region located in Central Iran’s zone in the southeast of Iran are a very ideal zone to evaluate the concepts of these indicators in the prediction of the relative tectonic activity according to the investigation of drainage systems or mountain fronts. Based on the values of the calculated indices including Form Factor (FF), Compaction Coefficient (CC), Ratio of Circularity (RC), Ratio of Elongation (RE), relative Basin Height (BH), and Ruggedness Number (RN), a final indicator called Active Tectonic Indicator (ATI) is obtained. The latter is a combination of the abovementioned indicators and evaluates the morphotectonic activity based on the shape of the watersheds. By measuring and combining these indicators, the tectonic activity stage of the Sirch region was determined by analyzing the watersheds of this region.

scholarly journals Transport Mode Choice for Commuting: Evidence from India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chandrasekhar ◽  
Ajay Sharma ◽  
Sumit Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
Available Information

Using the first ever available information in Census of India 2011, covering 640 sub-national units (districts) in India, we analyze the correlates of modes of transport used by non-agricultural workers at the regional level covering both rural and urban areas. Providing a holistic picture from the perspective policy and academic perspective, we bring out some key stylized facts. Further, using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimation, we model the transport mode choice for commuting by the workers in the context of rural and urban India, and further extend it based on distinction in motorized and non-motorized transport modes. We find that urbanization level, population size and density along with education attainment and worker’s sex ratio (gender ratio among workers), age (elderly) and land use mix play very important role in regional pattern in transport mode choice for commuting. These results highlight the dire need for proper development of transport infrastructure and understanding its various dimensions from socio-economic, demographic and spatial point of view in the context of developing countries.

scholarly journals Determination of Recent Movements of Lithosphere in Regions with Chemogenic Sediments on the Surface in the Dinarides Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Almin Đapo ◽  
Boško Pribičević ◽  
Lidija Špiranec
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Isostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Tectonic Movements ◽  
Chemical Sediments ◽  
Carbonate Deposits ◽  
Significant Mass

Abstract In the area of carbonate or karst Dinarides, besides the dominant carbonate rocks and subordinate clastics, in more places more significant mass of chemical sediments can be found, represented by gypsum and anhydrite. As chemical sediments are specifically lighter than overlying rocks, they have been, during the long geological history, trying to achieve isostatic equilibrium, or get out on the ground surface. In recent times, in areas with chemical sediments, a larger tectonic activity is noted than in the wider environment. This is certainly reflected in increased vertical and tangential displacements along major faults in relation to the surrounding area, which are built mainly of carbonate deposits. Determining the amount of movement of diapiric bodies, as absolute and relative, using the most modern surveying methods, precisely would assist the understanding of the tectonic movements and recent structural relations in a wider area

EFFECT OF EARLY FEEDING OF SOLID FOODS ON NUTRITIVE INTAKE OF INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-885
Author(s):  
Helen A. Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
National Research Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Developmental Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Current Emphasis

The early introduction of solid foods to the diet of bottle-fed infants living in a college town causes some significant changes in the nutritive content of the diet but does not increase the adequacy of the diet before 3 months as evaluated by allowances recommended for infants by the National Research Council. Diets containing solid foods provide significantly more iron and thiamine, two of the nutrients used to enrich infant cereal products. Most of the infants were receiving nutritional supplements of vitamin A and D in spite of the fact that their diets were adequate in these nutrients. The need for a supplement of ascorbic acid was evident for some infants. The feeding of solid foods apparently had no effect on the sleeping pattern of the infants as evidenced by the number of feedings, nor did it increase the cost of the food itself. It did, however, increase the time and effort involved for the mother. Since there was no increase in the caloric content of the diet, the solid foods must have replaced milk rather then to have supplemented it, a fact confirmed by the observations of many mothers. At least 10% of the infants experienced some form of allergic reaction to solid foods. All of the infants in the study had been introduced to solid foods by 9 weeks, 2 to 4 weeks prior to the age at which the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that there is a rational basis from a nutritional and developmental point of view to begin supplementing the diet. Although there was no evidence of adverse reactions other then allergies to the pattern of early feeding observed in this group, there was no evidence to indicate that the infant benefitted from a nutritional standpoint. Lack of evidence of benefits and an accumulating body of information on hazards from the early introduction of solid foods suggest a re-examination of current emphasis on the early supplementation of the milk diet in infants.

scholarly journals Design of a Development Index for Spanish Municipalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8910
Author(s):  
Ana Nieto Masot ◽  
Gema Cárdenas Alonso ◽  
Ángela Engelmo Moriche
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Variables

Currently, the demographic vacuum and poor development suffered by most areas of Spain are some of the most worrying issues from a territorial point of view, which is why this study is necessary. In this paper, the objective is to create a Development Index with which to study the different realities of rural and urban spaces through demographic and socioeconomic variables of the Spanish municipalities. Principal Component Analysis is carried out, with whose results the index has been prepared. This is then explored with a Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis. The results show that most developed Spanish municipalities and most of the population are concentrated in coastal areas and in the main cities of the country. In opposition, there are interior rural areas with less developed municipalities at risk of disappearance due to their increasing ages and levels of depopulation. Thus, in this paper, new variables and methods are used in the study of the social and economic diversity of rural and urban areas, verifying the inequality that still exists between both.

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