scholarly journals Full three-dimensional relocation and tomographic inversion of the 1977-2008 earthquakes in north-eastern Italy: a feasibility study

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Vesnaver ◽  
Luca Urpi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Well Data

<p>In a regional seismological network, the estimation of the epicenter is usually robust, especially for events inside or close to the network boundaries. In contrast, the hypocentral depth is very sensitive to the assumed velocity field. In this study, we compare the hypocenter estimates obtained by a classical algorithm in a simple one-dimensional (1D) model with a recently developed full 3D model that is based on shrinking grids. This study is preliminary, as the 3D Earth model is based on limited data from the literature; however, it demonstrates that different patterns show up when a more representative geological model is adopted. This encourages further studies, based on fully integrated 3D models from active surface seismic, well data and other geophysical measurements. Such an integrated approach has been successfully adopted by the oil and gas industries for decades, which has increased the exploration success rate and the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs.</p>

scholarly journals Coupling saturated and unsaturated flow: comparing the iterative and the non-iterative approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha Brandhorst ◽  
Daniel Erdal ◽  
Insa Neuweiler
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Iterative Approach ◽  
Groundwater Model ◽  
Iterative Coupling ◽  
Fully Integrated

Abstract. Fully integrated three dimensional (3D) physically based hydrologic models usually require many computational resources. For many applications, simplified models can be a cost effective alternative. 3D models of subsurface flow are often simplified by coupling a 2D groundwater model with multiple 1D models for the unsaturated zone. The crucial part of such models is the coupling between the two model compartments. In this work we compare two approaches for the coupling. One is iterative and the 1D unsaturated zone models go down to the impervious bottom of the aquifer and the other one is non-iterative and uses a moving lower boundary for the unsaturated zone. In this context we also propose a new way of treating the specific yield, which plays a crucial role in linking the unsaturated and the groundwater model. Both models are applied to three test cases with increasing complexity and analyzed in terms of accuracy and speed compared to fully integrated model runs. The non-iterative approach is faster while the iterative approach is more accurate and robust. Besides, for the iterative coupling method a calibration of the specific yield is not needed.

Implementation and Validation of a 1D Fluid Model for Collapsible Channels

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Sidney Fels ◽  
Sheldon Green
Keyword(s):  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Order Scheme ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Flow Pressure

A 1D fluid model is implemented for the purpose of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations in complex and completely collapsible geometries, particularly targeting the case of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The fluid mechanics are solved separately from any solid mechanics, making possible the use of a highly complex and/or black-box solver for the solid mechanics. The fluid model is temporally discretized with a second-order scheme and spatially discretized with an asymmetrical fourth-order scheme that is robust in highly uneven geometries. A completely collapsing and reopening geometry is handled smoothly using a modified area function. The numerical implementation is tested with two driven-geometry cases: (1) an inviscid analytical solution and (2) a completely closing geometry with viscous flow. Three-dimensional fluid simulations in static geometries are performed to examine the assumptions of the 1D model, and with a well-defined pressure-recovery constant the 1D model agrees well with 3D models. The model is very fast computationally, is robust, and is recommended for OSA simulations where the bulk flow pressure is primarily of interest.

More bang for your buck: optimising CSG extraction to achieve increased project value

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Allison
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Gas Market

Recent challenges within Australia’s oil and gas market have placed increased pressure on Australia’s CSG industry to reel-in burgeoning project costs. In a tight commodity price environment, developments need to extract greater value from projects. This paper outlines an innovative approach to CSG gathering system design by leveraging the digital oil field approach, utilising technology to rapidly optimise design, reduce design costs and optimise the development processes behind economic resource extraction aimed at ultimately delivering increased project value. In the past few years a step-change has been made in the optimisation of the engineering design model, with expanded concept level design, FEED-less design, and partially automated detailed design being executed on gathering system projects now being adopted. This was a step towards a fully integrated approach of the digital oil field. Through this process, it has become apparent that this methodology can be extended further through the targeted optimisation of the production model used in the establishment of CSG projects. This will enable increased revenue for a project. Field production profiles for both gas and water can be developed from preliminary reservoir assessment data. Using cost data for materials and installation, various scenarios can be assessed to optimise production volumes, surface infrastructure configuration, and total volume extracted on a dollar margin per unit energy basis. The optimisation measures explored in this paper are most critical to reservoir locations with a low drainage area per well, where reservoir drainage is maximised by refinement of the configuration of above-ground infrastructure. This has the potential to translate to a more optimised network, and greater profitability in the development of large-scale CSG fields.

scholarly journals Three‐dimensional structural‐material models of the formation of the Nyurbinskaya and Botuobinskaya kimberlite pipes (Yakutian Diamondiferous Province, Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-920
Author(s):  
E. V. Serebryakov ◽  
A. S. Gladkov ◽  
D. A. Koshkarev
Keyword(s):  
Structural Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Fault Block ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Block Structures

The Nyurbinskaya and Botuobinskaya kimberlitic pipes were in the focus of a comprehensive study aimed to investigate their structural and material positions as the main deposits in the Nakyn field (Yakutian Diamondife‐ rous Province, Russia). This paper present the study results and 3D structural‐material models showing the formation of these deposits. In application to geological studies, the 3D modeling technologies allow taking into account the ani‐ sotropy of material complexes comprising kimberlite pipes, as well as inconsistencies in the structural and morpho‐ logical properties of ore‐bearing structures. In order to discover the structural positions and features of the fault‐ block structures of the deposits, tectonophysical methods were used in combination with tacheometric surveys. Based on this more comprehensive and integrated approach, the existing fault patterns were clarified in detail; elements of the internal fault structure were mapped; fault azimuths and dip angles were estimated; and thickness values were obtained. Computer processed data were used to construct 3D models showing the fault‐block structures of the Nyurbinskaya and Botuobinskaya pipes. The mineralogical, petrographic and diamond‐bearing features of various kimberlite generations comprising these pipes were investigated in order to reconstruct the morphology and spatial positions of each of the selected complexes in the current cross‐section and in accordance with intrusion phases. The 3D frame models of geological bodies were constructed for all the magmatic phases, including porphyry kimberlite and eruptive and autolithic kimberlite breccia. The structural‐material models for the Nyurbinskaya and Botuobin‐ skaya pipes were based on a synthesis of their material and structural features discovered in the previous stages of the study. The models presented in this paper are used to discuss temporal relationships between faults in the kim‐ berlitic structure and material complexes comprising the pipes. The models show that the pipes occurred in the near‐ surface structures of shear tension, which developed in the areas where the NNE‐striking fault was conjugated with the ENE‐ and NE‐striking faults in the fault zone resulting from several stage of the tectono‐magmatic activity. In this case, the kimberlite melt material was transported in discrete portions from the source through deep‐seated faults, and the faults acted as channels characterized by an increased permeability. Disjunctive elements identified in this study facilitated magma movements and localization of kimberlite bodies.

scholarly journals 3D hydrodynamic core-collapse SN simulations for an 11.2 M⊙ star with spectral neutrino transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S279) ◽  
pp. 409-410
Author(s):  
Tomoya Takiwaki ◽  
Kei Kotake ◽  
Yudai Suwa
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Numerical Resolution ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Explosion Mechanism ◽  
Hydrodynamical Simulations ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Neutrino Luminosity

AbstractWe have performed three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical simulations of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) with multigroup neutrino transport to study non-axisymmetric effects in the context of neutrino heating explosion mechanism. By comparing one- (1D) and two dimensional (2D) results with those of 3D, we study how the increasing spatial multi-dimensionality affects the postbounce SN dynamics. The calculations were performed with an energy-dependent treatment of the neutrino transport that is solved by the isotropic diffusion source approximation scheme. In agreement with previous studies, our 1D model does not produce explosions for the 11.2 M⊙ star, while the neutrino-driven revival of the stalled bounce shock is obtained both in the 2D and 3D models. Our results show that convective matter motions below the gain radius become much more violent in 3D than 2D, making the neutrino luminosity larger for 3D. Enhanced by the large neutrino luminosity, the shock of the 3D model expands faster than that of the 2D. Our results show that the evolution of the shock is sensitive to the employed numerical resolutions. To draw a robust conclusion, 3D simulations with much higher numerical resolution and more advanced treatment of neutrino transport and gravity is needed.

Application of Facies-Controlled Physical Property Modeling in Oubei Block, Jinhu Depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1359-1362
Author(s):  
Pan Pan Chen ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
Cun Lei Li ◽  
Meng Qi Wang ◽  
Yi Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
Fourth Segment ◽  
Sedimentary Microfacies ◽  
Sand Sheet ◽  
Well Data

Three dimensional (3D) models provide insights into the distribution, external and internal geometry of the reservoirs. The core description shows that the fourth segment of Funing Formation (E1f4), Oubei Block, Jinhu Depression mainly develop delta front subfacies which included underwater distributary channel, mouth bar, sand sheet and so on. Well data and structural maps were integrated to build 3D structure model and sedimentary microfacies model of Oubei reservoirs using stochastic simulations with geometry data. The result of facies-controlled property model can reasonably reflect reservoir characteristics in detail, providing a reliable geological model for late reservoir adjustment and valuable reference for numerical reservoir simulation as well.

scholarly journals Investigations of polyethylene of raised temperature resistance service performance using autoclave test under sour medium conditions

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Guoquan Qi ◽  
Hongxia Yan ◽  
Dongtao Qi ◽  
Houbu Li ◽  
Lushi Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Degree Of Branching ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Gas Medium ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The chapter deals with the performance evaluation of the polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT) and polyethylene (PE) using autoclave test under sour oil and gas medium conditions. The analyses of performance changes showed that PE-RT has good media resistance at 60°C. As the temperature increases, its mechanical properties decrease, accompanied by an increase in weight. Comparative analyses showed that no matter what temperature conditions are, PE-RT media resistance is better than PE80. The better media resistance of PE-RT depends on its higher degree of branching. Short branches are distributed between the crystals to form a connection between the crystals, thereby improving its heat resistance and stress under high-temperature conditions. PE-RT forms an excellent three-dimensional network structure through copolymerization, ensuring that it has better media resistance than PE80. However, the mechanical performance will be attenuated due to the high service temperature.

scholarly journals Structured-light 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothing—a first-ever methodical trial and its results

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽  
Marek Miłosz ◽  
Jacek Kęsik ◽  
Kamil Żyła
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
3D Scanners

AbstractHistorical costumes are part of cultural heritage. Unlike architectural monuments, they are very fragile, which exacerbates the problems of their protection and popularisation. A big help in this can be the digitisation of their appearance, preferably using modern techniques of three-dimensional representation (3D). The article presents the results of the search for examples and methodologies of implementing 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothes as well as the attendant problems. From a review of scientific literature it turns out that so far practically no one in the world has made any methodical attempts at scanning historical clothes using structured-light 3D scanners (SLS) and developing an appropriate methodology. The vast majority of methods for creating 3D models of clothes used photogrammetry and 3D modelling software. Therefore, an innovative approach was proposed to the problem of creating 3D models of exhibited historical clothes through their digitalisation by means of a 3D scanner using structural light technology. A proposal for the methodology of this process and concrete examples of its implementation and results are presented. The problems related to the scanning of 3D historical clothes are also described, as well as a proposal how to solve them or minimise their impact. The implementation of the methodology is presented on the example of scanning elements of the Emir of Bukhara's costume (Uzbekistan) from the end of the nineteenth century, consisting of the gown, turban and shoes. Moreover, the way of using 3D models and information technologies to popularise cultural heritage in the space of digital resources is also discussed.

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