scholarly journals Materials for the investigation of The Seismicity Of Algeria And Adjacent Regions during the twentieth century

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Benouar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Integrated Study ◽  
Macroseismic Information ◽  
Reporting Procedures

Dr. Benouar presents a full and integrated study of the recent seismicity of Algeria and adjacent regions during the twentieth century. He has amassed an impressive amount of macroseismic information pertaining to individual earthquakes, which he combines with instrumental information to reassess the origin parameters of each event. In any compilation of earthquakes it is the additional information beyond the bare accumulation of figures and facts that adds interest and social understanding to the scientific appreciation of the earthquakes themselves. For this it is necessary to know the local conditions, and Dr. Benouar brings out for us very vivid1y the differences between reporting procedures at different times this century, and the ensuing difficulties. It would be most difficult for an outsider to gather the information he presents, and he makes good use of his knowledge of his native land, as well as his professional training as an engineer. We thus learn of the reluctance of the colonial powers to report on damage or casualties outside those inflicted on the expatriate community, and the general difficulties of finding information about earthquakes that occurred during the wars of independence, at a time when effects of even major earthquakes were sometimes minor compared to those of the war itself. He also does not spare us details of political difficulties that arose during periods of reconstruction following recent earthquakes. This work is not restricted, however, to description. He examines the underlying tectonics of the area and deduces estimates of hazard and risk in various parts of the country. He then proceeds to examine the engineering consequences and discuss future needs for building codes and civil protection. Dr. Benouar has produced a work which could well form a model for those wishing to undertake comprelzensive studies of seismicity of other areas, and the measures needed to reduce the effects of catastrophic earthquakes.

scholarly journals The Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Maramai ◽  
Beatriz Brizuela ◽  
Laura Graziani
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment

<p>A unified catalogue containing 290 tsunamis generated in the European and Mediterranean seas since 6150 B.C. to current days is presented. It is the result of a systematic and detailed review of all the regional catalogues available in literature covering the study area, each of them having their own format and level of accuracy. The realization of a single catalogue covering a so wide area and involving several countries was a complex task that posed a series of challenges, being the standardization and the quality of the data the most demanding. A “reliability” value was used to rate equally the quality of the data for each event and this parameter was assigned based on the trustworthiness of the information related to the generating cause, the tsunami description accuracy and also on the availability of coeval bibliographical sources. Following these criteria we included in the catalogue events whose reliability ranges from 0 (“very improbable tsunami”) to 4 (“definite tsunami”). About 900 documentary sources, including historical documents, books, scientific reports, newspapers and previous catalogues, support the tsunami data and descriptions gathered in this catalogue. As a result, in the present paper a list of the 290 tsunamis with their main parameters is reported. The online version of the catalogue, available at http://roma2.rm.ingv.it/en/facilities/data_bases/52/catalogue_of_the_euro-mediterranean_tsunamis, provides additional information such as detailed descriptions, pictures, etc. and the complete list of bibliographical sources. Most of the included events have a high reliability value (3= “probable” and 4= “definite”) which makes the Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue an essential tool for the implementation of tsunami hazard and risk assessment.</p>

scholarly journals Smart Sirens—Civil Protection in Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Sascha Henninger ◽  
Martin Schneider ◽  
Arne Leitte
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Environmental Sound ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Full Coverage

Germany carried out a nationwide “Alert Day” in 2020 to test its civil alarm systems. The test revealed some problems. Heterogeneous development structures and topography can be limiting factors for sound propagation. In consequence, sirens could be heard inadequately, depending on their location. Furthermore, the reason of warning remains unknown to the public. In terms of civil protection, warnings with the code of behavior by general available media is desired. Smart sirens can transmit additional spoken information and be installed on already-existing streetlights. In this study, we analyze how smart sirens could lead to an improved civil protection. Exemplarily, a detailed analysis is made for a different structured rural area, Dansenberg in Germany, whereas the influence of local conditions on the sound propagation is considered. We analyzed with the software CadnaA—a software for calculation, assessment and prediction of environmental sound—how the location and number of smart sirens can be optimized in order to produce a full coverage of the study area. We modeled the coverage in different scenarios and compared four scenarios: (a) current situation with two E57 type sirens; (b) replacing the existing sirens with two high-performance sirens; (c) one high-performance siren at the more central point; and (d) optimized network of smart sirens of the type Telegrafia Bono. The aim was to achieve a full coverage with a minimum of warning sirens. We could show that the current situation with two E57 type sirens fails to reach out to the whole population whereas the optimized network of smart sirens results in a better coverage. Therefore, a reconsideration of the existing warning system of civil protection with smart sirens could result in a better coverage and improved information of warning.

Italian dreams, Roman longings. Vilhelm Lundström and the first Swedish philological-archaeological course in Rome, 1909

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Anna Blennow ◽  
Frederick Whitling
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Classical Philology ◽  
Classical Archaeology ◽  
The Future ◽  
University Course ◽  
Integrated Study

In Sweden, the future of Classical Philology and the study of the ancient past remain uncertain a century after the first Swedish university course in Rome, led by Vilhelm Lundström, Professor of Latin at Gothenburg, and the simultaneous establishment of the study of Classical Archaeology and Ancient History in Swedish academia in 1909. The institutionalisation of the Swedish scholarly presence in Rome materialised with the establishment of the Swedish Institute in Rome (SIR) in 1925, and its inauguration the following year—partly as a result of Lundström’s pioneering initiative. The present article discusses the implications of Lundström’s course in Rome as well as in Sweden, and sheds light on his neohumanist vision of an integrated study of antiquity; with Classical Archaeology and Ancient History as integral elements of Classical Philology. This vision lay abandoned throughout the twentieth century, but deserves to be taken into account when discussing how philology relates to archaeology, or considering the study of antiquity and the classical tradition in a modern comprehensive context of humanities in academia.

scholarly journals SOCIAL COMPETENCE FORMATION CRITERIA OF THE FUTURE OFFICERS OF UKRAINE’S CIVIL DEFENSE DIAGNOSTICTS IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
H. Khlypavka
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Competences ◽  
Diagnostic Research

Abstract. The article deals with the problem of defining the criteria, indicators and levels of social competence formation of future officers of the Civil Protection Service of Ukraine in the process of professional training. The notions of «criterion», «indicator» and «levels» have been clarified, the criteria and indicators of the key competences of future civil defense officers of Ukraine have been substantiated. The criteria are interpreted as qualitative characteristics of the object of diagnostic research, indicators – components that characterize the formation of key competences; levels as a reflection of the status of each criterion. The following criteria and indicators of the formation of social competence of future officers of the Civil Protection Service of Ukraine have been identified and specified: communicative activity (verbal and non-verbal communication; corporate culture; ability to realize organizational abilities; culture of communication and behavior; cognitive-motivational (understanding of social reality; formation of value system; planning of one's life scenario; creative search); reflexive-psychological (ability to possess a system of knowledge in basic professional subjects; desire to learn; ability to make creative decisions; knowledge of normative documents); professional-personal (level of responsibility; ability to self-realization; ability to self-development; ability to organize, plan and solve problems). Among the levels of formation of social competence of future civil protection officers of Ukraine differentiated high, sufficient, medium and low. According to these criteria it is possible to monitor the formation of social competence of future officers of the Civil Protection Service of Ukraine in the process of professional training.

European women and the description and teaching of African languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 487-508
Author(s):  
Helma Pasch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
African Languages ◽  
European Women ◽  
Good Career

Women have contributed to the description of African languages in academia and in mission stations since the dawn of the twentieth century until the end of colonialism. From the beginning their publications were received as well as those of their male colleagues, even though they were disadvantaged in their scholarly work. In academia they had fewer opportunities to make a good career than their male colleagues and usually had less prestigious jobs. Some women assisted the male linguist in the household as learned spouses, sisters, or daughters. In Catholic and Protestant missionary congregations, men usually received a professional training, some even in linguistics, while only educated women could be sent as missionaries on their own. In Protestant congregations, women without professional education would be sent only as wives or sisters of a male missionary.

Mechanism of Gravity-Driven Deformation Using Sandbox Modeling: A Case Study of The Tarakan Sub-Basin, East Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sapiie
Keyword(s):  
Normal Faults ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Tectonic Reconstruction ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Sandbox Modeling ◽  
Seismic Sections ◽  
Integrated Study

Based on the observations of subsurface and bathymetric maps, various structural patterns are observed in the Tarakan Basin, especially in the Tarakan and Tidung Sub-basins. One of the hypotheses put forward in this study that the gravity-driven mechanism is responsible to generate the normal faults system and folds -thrust belt in the offshore Tarakan Basin. We conducted an integrated study using palinspatic reconstructions of several seismic sections and an analogue-sandbox modeling to observe and explain this gravity-driven. The deformation modeling, which is controlled by gravity requires special conditions that can trigger the movement. The three main parameters that cause gravity deformation to occur are lithology, loading, and slope. In the case of the Tarakan Basin, modeling was carried out by referring to the results of 2D-seismic palinspatic reconstructions. Besides, the additional information as a basis for modeling is also based on the current topographic and bathymetric data. The tectonic reconstruction is used as a reference for paleo-stress data. In theory, one of the factors determining the occurrence of this mechanism is the presence of detachment. This detachment manifests the over-pressure fluid anomaly in the rock, such as over-pressure shale and salt layers. To simulate the conditions that may closely be like the behavior in this detachment, bead materials were selected in the sandbox modeling. Twenty-two experiments were conducted to test the bead as the materials in this modeling, and more than thirty experiments were carried out to model this case. From more than ten realizations, the model with the closest results to seismic interpretation and palinspastic analyses were chosen. From the results of experiments that have been conducted, the development of thrust faults related to the development of normal faults. This evidence is in line with the deformation of gravity-driven mechanism.

Quality Evaluation of the Services Provided in Selected Sanatorium Facilities in the Podkarpackie Province

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Jan Krupa ◽  
Izabela Cichocka
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Health Resorts ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose. The article shows the importance of health tourism, including spa tourism, as well as current trends in the development of health resorts and sanatorium facilities. Method. The existing data from a survey carried out in health resorts in the years 2011-2013 were used, using standardized evaluation questionnaires. Findings. The data illustrates the level of visitors’ satisfaction with the quality of services and range of offers in selected sanatoriums. The visitors generally assessed the medical and nursing care, the range and quality of treatment services and rehabilitation as good, while in the assessment of local conditions and food as well as the tourist attractiveness of the destination, they reported varied opinions over the analyzed years. Research and conclusion limitations . Limitations of the research and analysis and the comparability of data between the sanatoriums primarily result from a diverse number of respondents in particular locations and differences in the construction of the research tool which was the questionnaire. Furthermore, the opinions of the visitors may be biased and some of them may not have comparison with conditions prevailing in other spa facilities in Poland. Practical implications. The opinions and comments of the respondents can provide additional information for the management of health resorts and local authorities in terms of taking care of the quality of services. Originality. The article presents the most important trends in health tourism, including spa tourism, which was observed in the studied health resorts and sanatoria facilities, as well as the visitors’ feelings about the quality of services and the attractiveness of the range of treatment, rehabilitation and prevention. Type of paper. The article is empirical.

CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITY – SELECTED ISSUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (XX) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Krystian Kostur
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
The Subject

Ensuring the safety of citizens is one of the most important functions of the state, as stated in art. 5 of the Polish Constitution of April 2, 1997. The crisis management system is a supplement to the constitutional institution of states of emergency. Appropriate preparation based on planning, an adequate response to a threat by the competent authorities and the fastest possible reversal of the effects of a crisis are the foundations for counteracting threats. Since the first half of the twentieth century, constant attempts have been made to create a comprehensive system guaranteeing an effective response of administrative bodies to threats. Currently, structures and procedures of crisis management as described in the Act of 26 April 2007 on crisis management do not ensure effective implementation of civil protection in the event of emergencies. The subject of the article is the de lege lata statement and formulation of de lege ferenda postulates in the field of crisis management in the municipality

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