scholarly journals The Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Maramai ◽  
Beatriz Brizuela ◽  
Laura Graziani
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment

<p>A unified catalogue containing 290 tsunamis generated in the European and Mediterranean seas since 6150 B.C. to current days is presented. It is the result of a systematic and detailed review of all the regional catalogues available in literature covering the study area, each of them having their own format and level of accuracy. The realization of a single catalogue covering a so wide area and involving several countries was a complex task that posed a series of challenges, being the standardization and the quality of the data the most demanding. A “reliability” value was used to rate equally the quality of the data for each event and this parameter was assigned based on the trustworthiness of the information related to the generating cause, the tsunami description accuracy and also on the availability of coeval bibliographical sources. Following these criteria we included in the catalogue events whose reliability ranges from 0 (“very improbable tsunami”) to 4 (“definite tsunami”). About 900 documentary sources, including historical documents, books, scientific reports, newspapers and previous catalogues, support the tsunami data and descriptions gathered in this catalogue. As a result, in the present paper a list of the 290 tsunamis with their main parameters is reported. The online version of the catalogue, available at http://roma2.rm.ingv.it/en/facilities/data_bases/52/catalogue_of_the_euro-mediterranean_tsunamis, provides additional information such as detailed descriptions, pictures, etc. and the complete list of bibliographical sources. Most of the included events have a high reliability value (3= “probable” and 4= “definite”) which makes the Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue an essential tool for the implementation of tsunami hazard and risk assessment.</p>

Tsunami hazard and risk assessment for Alexandria (Egypt) based on the maximum credible earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 103735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany M. Hassan ◽  
C. Frischknecht ◽  
Mohamed N. ElGabry ◽  
Hesham Hussein ◽  
Mona ElWazir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Maximum Credible Earthquake ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment

scholarly journals Tsunami hazard and risk assessment for multiple buildings by considering the spatial correlation of wave height using copulas

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2619-2634
Author(s):  
Yo Fukutani ◽  
Shuji Moriguchi ◽  
Kenjiro Terada ◽  
Takuma Kotani ◽  
Yu Otake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Damage Probability ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Risk

Abstract. It is necessary to evaluate aggregate damage probability to multiple buildings when performing probabilistic risk assessment for the buildings. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a method of tsunami hazard and risk assessment for two buildings far away from each other, using copulas of tsunami hazards that consider the nonlinear spatial correlation of tsunami wave heights. First, we simulated the wave heights considering uncertainty by varying the slip amount and fault depths. The frequency distributions of the wave heights were evaluated via the response surface method. Based on the distributions and numerically simulated wave heights, we estimated the optimal copula via maximum likelihood estimation. Subsequently, we evaluated the joint distributions of the wave heights and the aggregate damage probabilities via the marginal distributions and the estimated copulas. As a result, the aggregate damage probability of the 99th percentile value was approximately 1.0 % higher and the maximum value was approximately 3.0 % higher while considering the wave height correlation. We clearly showed the usefulness of copula modeling considering the wave height correlation in evaluating the probabilistic risk of multiple buildings. We only demonstrated the risk evaluation method for two buildings, but the effect of the wave height correlation on the results is expected to increase if more points are targeted.

scholarly journals “Good Epidemiology Practice” Guidelines for Pesticide Exposure Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Goodman ◽  
Robyn L. Prueitt ◽  
Paolo Boffetta ◽  
Crispin Halsall ◽  
Andrew Sweetman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment ◽  
Epidemiology Studies ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Regulatory Risk Assessment

Both toxicology and epidemiology are used to inform hazard and risk assessment in regulatory settings, particularly for pesticides. While toxicology studies involve controlled, quantifiable exposures that are often administered according to standardized protocols, estimating exposure in observational epidemiology studies is challenging, and there is no established guidance for doing so. However, there are several frameworks for evaluating the quality of published epidemiology studies. We previously developed a preliminary list of methodology and reporting standards for epidemiology studies, called Good Epidemiology Practice (GEP) guidelines, based on a critical review of standardized toxicology protocols and available frameworks for evaluating epidemiology study quality. We determined that exposure characterization is one of the most critical areas for which standards are needed. Here, we propose GEP guidelines for pesticide exposure assessment based on the source of exposure data (i.e., biomonitoring and environmental samples, questionnaire/interview/expert record review, and dietary exposures based on measurements of residues in food and food consumption). It is expected that these GEP guidelines will facilitate the conduct of higher-quality epidemiology studies that can be used as a basis for more scientifically sound regulatory risk assessment and policy making.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

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