scholarly journals Catalogues of historical earthquakes in Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Camassi
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Historical Seismology ◽  
Critical Awareness ◽  
Complete Survey

A complete survey of historical earthquake investigation in Italy cannot be compressed into a few pages, since it would entail making a summary of widely different phases of research (performed by past scholars and by contemporary scientists and historians) and taking into account the widely different historical contexts, methodological assumptions and critical awareness of each of them. This short note only purposes to chart the main stages of the progress made by Italian historical seismology, from the late 17th century compilation by Bonito(1691) up to the latest parametric catalogue (Working Group CPTI, 1999).

scholarly journals A large unknown historical earthquake in the Abruzzi region (Central Italy): combination of geological and historical data

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D'Addezio ◽  
F. R. Cinti ◽  
D. Pantosti
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
Complete Knowledge ◽  
Historical Investigation

The combination of paleoseismological and historical investigation can be used to obtain a complete knowledge of past earthquakes. In Italy the 1000 year-long record of historical earthquakes provides an opportunity to compare data from the catalogue with results from paleoseismologic investigations. Trenching results along the Ovindoli-Pezza Fault (OPF). in the Abruzzi region. showed two surface faulting events. The most recent of these events occurred after 1019 A.D. and should be reported in the Catalogue of Italian Seismicity. Nevertheless, the earthquake appears to be missed or not well located in the Catalogue. In order to define in which century a large earthquake on the OPF should have clearly left a sign in the historical record, we carried out historical investigations back to the XI century. The studies were mainly focu5ed on disclosing possible <<negative>> e vidence for the occurrence of the most recent event along the OPF. No clear records related to this event were found but on the basis of the information we obtained the occurrence of this earthquake can be constrained between 1019 A.D. and the XV century. possibly between 1019 A.D. and XIII century.

Gerardus Joannes Vossius (1577–1649) and the study of Latin grammar

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Cornelis S. M. Rademaker
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
Latin Language ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Humanist Tradition ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

Summary Gerardus Joannes Vossius (1577–1649) published his De arte grammatica libri septem in 1635. From the second edition in 1662 the work became known as Vossius’s Aristarchus. This important Latin grammar of Vossius, and also his other publications devoted to Latin, have their particular place in the evolution of grammatical studies in the 17th century. Vossius’s works were used in the first place because in them he had given a complete survey and systematization of all the scholarly information concerning Latin existing up to his own days. Neoscholastic Aristotelism was the philosophical basis of his treatment with Latin language and grammar. However, we find at the same time in Vossius’s work sometimes hints at a new approach to the study of Latin grammar. He followed in many respects the new directions pointed out by men like Scaliger and Sanctius. Thus, on the one hand, Vossius stood in the Humanist tradition of his day while, on the other, his work could be used profitably also by the Port-Royal grammarians and other philologist of the late 17th and 18th centuries. Following an appraisal of Vossius’s place in the Humanist tradition and of the contribution he made in his Aristarchus, the paper deals at some length with the analogy principle as used by Vossius and his successors. It concludes with sections on the evolution of grammatical ideas in the 17th and early 18th centuries marked especially by the tradition associated with the works of Sanctius, Vossius, and Port-Royal.

Edmond Halley’s use of historical evidence in the advancement of science

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-191 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Human History ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Awareness

Men of science in the 17th century were well aware of the achievements of the past: their earliest experiences in education had been in the languages and cultural traditions of the ancient world. Astronomers in particular, who were constantly concerned with the revision of celestial tables, were perhaps the most acutely aware of what had gone on before them. No major astronomical writer from Copernicus to Flamsteed could show anything other than an informed respect for Hipparchus, Ptolemy and Regiomontanus, for these were the men who had provided the first reliable data upon which celestial mechanics came to be based. It is my argument, however, that Edmond Halley developed a more thorough-going historical awareness than did most of his recent scientific predecessors or contemporaries. Like the antiquarians and literary scholars of the age, Halley displayed a fascination with and an informed critical awareness of human history, as it was understood in the late 17th century. This awareness, moreover, was, not just concerned with astronomical topics, but suffused his general thought-process to make him see the overall investigation of nature as rooted within a cultural context that can only be called historical.

scholarly journals Using Google Earth Images to Extract Dense Landslides Induced by Historical Earthquakes at the Southwest of Ordos, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du Peng ◽  
Xu Yueren ◽  
Tian Qinjian ◽  
Li Wenqiao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Ordos Block ◽  
Earthquake Zone

As historical earthquake records are simple, determining the source parameters of historical strong earthquakes over an extended period is difficult. There are numerous uncertainties in the study of historical earthquakes based on limited literature records. Co-seismic landslide interpretation combined with historical documents can yield the possibility of reducing these uncertainties. The dense co-seismic landslides can be preserved for hundreds to thousands of years in Loess Plateau, North China; furthermore, there are notable attribute differences between earthquake landslides and rainfall-triggered landslides. Along the southwestern margin of the Ordos Block, only one severe earthquake has been recorded in the past 3,000 years. The records of “Sanchuan exhaustion and Qishan collapse” provide clues for an investigation of the 780 BC Qishan earthquake. In this study, combined with historical documents, current high-resolution Google Earth images were used to extract historical landslides along the southwestern of the Ordos Block. There were 6,876 landslides with a total area of 643 km2. The landslide-intensive areas were mainly distributed along the Longxian–Qishan–Mazhao Fault in the loess valley area on the northeastern side of the fault. Loess tableland and river terraces occur on the southwest side of the fault; dense landslides have not been examined due to the topographical conditions in this area. By analyzing the spatial distribution of historical earthquake damage in this region, comparing the characteristics of rainfall-triggered landslides, and combining existing dating results for bedrock collapse and loess landslides, the interpretation of dense historical landslides can be linked to the Qishan Earthquake. The interpretation results are associated with historical records. Analyses of current earthquake cases show that the distribution of dense landslides triggered by strong earthquakes can indicate the episeismic area of an earthquake. In addition, the non-integrated landslide catalog without small- and medium-scale coseismic landslides can be used to effectively determine the source parameters of historical strong earthquakes and perform quantitative evaluations. This study evaluates the focal parameters of the 780 BC Qishan earthquake based on interpretations of the spatial distribution range of historical landslides as representations of the range of the extreme earthquake zone.

scholarly journals From Crimea to Syria. Re-defining the alleged historical earthquake of 63 B.C.

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Traina
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Event ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Historical Seismology ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Paulus Orosius ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Within the SGA research on the historical seismicity of the Crimean Peninsula (SGA Report, 1990), interest has been focused on the case of the earthquake of 63 B.C. According to regional seismic catalogues as well as to historic and archaeological literature, two late Roman sources. Dio Cassius and Paulus Orosius, allegedly give evidence of an earthquake which happened in the Crimea in this year; the event was linked to the death of Mithridates V1 Eupator, eventually the king of Pontos. Local archaeologists claimed to have found evidence of this event in the excavations of Panticapaeunl (present-day Ker?). In fact. this is the result of a restricted analysis of the written sources. Thence stems a sort of iivulgatan. currently accepted by scholarship, yet not really supported by the evidence. A re-examination of the whole question, including an analysis of all sources avalaible on earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean. showed that in that period no seismic event took place in the Crimea. Dio's and Orosius' accounts are instead concerned with another earthquake, already known for Syria from other sources. This historical case gives a proper methodological example of the problems concerned with the analysis of the evidence in historical seismology. not only of Antiquity, but of almost any premodern period.

scholarly journals Do seismologists agree upon epicentre determination from macroseismic data? A survey of ESC Working Group ' Macroseismology'

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Cecic ◽  
R. M. W. Musson ◽  
M. Stucchi
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Macroseismic Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
Macroseismic Parameters

In contrast to the case of instrumental data, the procedures for epicentral parameter determination (coordinates and I0) from macroseismic data are not very well established. Although there are some "rules", upon which most seismologists agree (centre of the isoseismal of largest degree, and so on), the practical application of, such rules displays many problems. Therefore, it is commonly seismologists' practice to find their own pro cedures and solutions; this is particularly evident in the more complicated cases, Such as offshore epicentres or, as in many cases of historical earthquakes, poor sets of data. One of the major consequences is that parametric catalogues are not homogeneous with respect to macroseismic parameters; moreover, merging catalogues compiled according to different criteria can introduce high noise in any catalogue built in such a way. In order to survey the current practice of epicentre determination from macroseismic data in Europe, a set of cases was distributed to the participants of the first meeting of the ESC WG "Macroseismology". A comparison of the 15 sets of results provided by 16 authors, who gave their own solutions and the explanation., of the adopted procedures is given, showing that in some cases the ideas and results are rather distant.

Historical Earthquake Damages to Domed Structures in Istanbul

2015 ◽  
pp. 649-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
İhsan E. Bal ◽  
F. Gülten Gülay ◽  
Meltem Vatan ◽  
Eleni Smyrou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ottoman Architecture ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Earthquake Damages

This chapter discusses the domed structures in Istanbul, which are reported damaged during strong historical earthquakes. The attention is focused mostly to their domes, the most important component of the Byzantine and the Ottoman architecture. The significant shakings, together with their estimated epicenters and magnitudes, have been defined and the spatial distribution of the reported damages in the domed structures has been examined. It is underlined once more that the Historical Peninsula, which is where once Constantinople was located, has several vulnerable structures and high seismic hazard level at the same time. Certain structures are quite vulnerable to strong shakings and received significant damages multiple times. The chapter discusses the possible effects of the future seismic events on the historical buildings in Istanbul, based on the recorded damages occurred during the past seismic events.

scholarly journals Four Visions of Constitutional Pluralism

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matej Avbelj ◽  
Jan Komárek
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
European Law ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Constitutional Pluralism ◽  
European University

What is constitutional pluralism? What does it stand for? What does it expect to achieve, or change in European integration, or otherwise contribute to it? Is it a viable, desirable or perhaps even an indispensable theoretical take on European integration? These were the leading questions discussed in the Symposium ‘Four Visions of Constitutional Pluralism’ at the European University Institute in January of this year. Within the framework of the Legal Theory working group and under the auspices of the Academy of European Law the organisers, Matej Avbelj and Jan Komarek, hosted four key scholars from the field of EU legal and constitutional theory. Julio Baquero Cruz, Mattias Kumm, Miguel Poiares Maduro, and Neil Walker engaged in a groundbreaking three-hour discussion of their respective theoretical visions of European integration. This short note can provide just a taste of an extremely rich debate; however, its full transcript should soon be published by the EUI Department of Law as its working paper.

A New Concept of Intensity Data Area and Its Effect on the Parameter Determination of Historical Earthquakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2685-2694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Guoliang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Tier

Abstract In ancient China, the government annals provided abundant historical earthquake records, which lasted more than 2000 yr. In some cases, the earthquake damage descriptions from the high-tier government annals are so concise that the specific place names were omitted, even the names of towns where the damage might have actually occurred. The intensity data point (IDP) was assigned to the capital town of the high-tier government, which might lead to large uncertainties in the historical earthquake parameters. A new concept of intensity data area (IDA) is proposed specifically to deal with this issue. An approach on how to convert the IDA to an IDP, based on nonseismological information, is described. In this process, we emphasize the effectiveness of field trips to investigate local features, such as natural environment, population distribution, historical administration zoning, and so forth. As case examples, two historical earthquakes in the Ming Dynasty are analyzed. The documentations of both earthquakes have a common problem, in that some damage was described with the name of the highest-tier local government (Fu); this led to the dispute about the parameter of historical earthquakes. With the proposed method, the IDA for Fu is successfully converted to an IDP at the suitable site. This is the key step to solve the dispute and reduce the parameter uncertainty. Our results have revealed that the parameters of both case earthquakes in the latest edition of the catalog (“The Catalog of Chinese Historical Strong Earthquakes (2300 B.C.–A.D. 1911)”) were wrong (Min et al., 1995). It is noteworthy that the latest edition of the catalog is currently in common use. To avoid the misuse of the catalog, it is better that the parameters in the catalog be restudied, especially for those labeled with large uncertainties.

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