Working Memory, Strategies, and Reasoning Tasks

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J Gilhooly
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Strategies ◽  
Reasoning Tasks

scholarly journals Individual differences in working memory strategies for reading expository text

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Budd ◽  
Paul Whitney ◽  
Kandi Jo Turley
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Memory Strategies

Why is working memory capacity related to matrix reasoning tasks?

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Harrison ◽  
Zach Shipstead ◽  
Randall W. Engle
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Reasoning Tasks ◽  
Matrix Reasoning

Age-Related Changes in Verbal Working Memory Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Chevalère ◽  
Patrick Lemaire ◽  
Valérie Camos
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Memory Strategies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Self-reported memory strategies and their relationship to immediate and delayed text recall and working memory capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Jonsson ◽  
Carola Wiklund-Hörnqvist ◽  
Mikaela Nyroos ◽  
Arne Börjesson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Text Recall ◽  
Memory Strategies

scholarly journals Enhanced perception in savant syndrome: patterns, structure and creativity

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1522) ◽  
pp. 1385-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Mottron ◽  
Michelle Dawson ◽  
Isabelle Soulières
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Savant Syndrome ◽  
Perceptual Functioning ◽  
Reasoning Tasks ◽  
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning ◽  
Syndrome Patterns ◽  
Default Setting

According to the enhanced perceptual functioning (EPF) model, autistic perception is characterized by: enhanced low-level operations; locally oriented processing as a default setting; greater activation of perceptual areas during a range of visuospatial, language, working memory or reasoning tasks; autonomy towards higher processes; and superior involvement in intelligence. EPF has been useful in accounting for autistic relative peaks of ability in the visual and auditory modalities. However, the role played by atypical perceptual mechanisms in the emergence and character of savant abilities remains underdeveloped. We now propose that enhanced detection of patterns, including similarity within and among patterns, is one of the mechanisms responsible for operations on human codes, a type of material with which savants show particular facility. This mechanism would favour an orientation towards material possessing the highest level of internal structure, through the implicit detection of within- and between-code isomorphisms. A second mechanism, related to but exceeding the existing concept of redintegration, involves completion, or filling-in, of missing information in memorized or perceived units or structures. In the context of autistics' enhanced perception, the nature and extent of these two mechanisms, and their possible contribution to the creativity evident in savant performance, are explored.

A Pilot Classroom-Based Study of Attention and Working Memory Strategies for Primary-Aged Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Colmar ◽  
Nash Davis ◽  
Linda Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Memory Strategies ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

An exploratory applied study, using a set of attention and working memory strategies specifically developed for students and named Memory Mates, was completed with normally developing students attending a primary school. Students in one classroom received the intervention, while the other classroom functioned as a control group. The study was experimental, with quantitative measures. Additional qualitative data was collected to facilitate the ongoing development of Memory Mates. A working memory instrument was used to rank students initially, and as a post-intervention measure for children with low working memory, with some gains in working memory observed in the experimental classroom students. Data were collected on academic achievement in reading, spelling, and maths. Post-intervention data analysis of the impact of the Memory Mates intervention showed no differences between the experimental and control groups for standardised academic measures. Several reasons are postulated for the lack of significant quantifiable change, chiefly the short period of intervention.

scholarly journals Differential involvement of EEG oscillatory components in sameness vs. spatial-relation visual reasoning tasks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Alamia ◽  
Canhuang Luo ◽  
Matthew Ricci ◽  
Junkyung Kim ◽  
Thomas Serre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reasoning Tasks

AbstractThe development of deep convolutional networks (DCNs) has recently led to great successes in computer vision and have become de facto computational models of vision. However, a growing body of work suggests that they exhibit critical limitations beyond image categorization. Here, we study a fundamental limitation of DCNs for judging whether two items are the same or different (SD) compared to a baseline assessment of their spatial relationship (SR). We test the prediction that SD tasks recruit additional cortical mechanisms which underlie critical aspects of visual cognition that are not explained by current computational models. We thus recorded EEG signals from 14 participants engaged in the same tasks as the computational models. Importantly, the two tasks were matched in terms of difficulty by an adaptive psychometric procedure: yet, on top of a modulation of evoked potentials, our results revealed higher activity in the low beta (13-20Hz) band in the SD compared to the SR conditions, which we surmise as reflecting the crucial involvement of recurrent mechanisms sustaining working memory and attention.Author SummaryDespite the impressive progress of deep convolutional networks (DCNs) in object recognition, recent studies demonstrated that state-of-the-art vision algorithms encounter severe limitations when performing certain visual reasoning tasks: for instance, convolutional networks can easily solve problems involving spatial relations, but fail in identifying whether two items are identical or different (same-different task). This conclusion led us to test the hypothesis that different computational mechanisms are needed to successfully perform these tasks also in the visual system. First, we confirmed in our simulations that DCNs can successfully perform spatial relationship tasks but struggle with same-different ones. Then, we tested 14 participants on the same experimental design while recording their EEG signals. Remarkably, our results revealed a significant difference between the tasks in the occipital brain regions both in evoked potentials and in the oscillatory dynamics. Specifically, an increase of activity was found when performing the SD over the SR condition. We interpret these results as reflecting the fundamental involvement of recurrent mechanisms implementing cognitive functions such as working memory and attention.

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