Developmental change in working memory strategies: From passive maintenance to active refreshing.

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 898-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Camos ◽  
Pierre Barrouillet
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Memory Strategies

Developmental change of visuo-spatial working memory in children: Quantitative evaluation through an Advanced Trail Making Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Kokubo ◽  
Masumi Inagaki ◽  
Atsuko Gunji ◽  
Tomoka Kobayashi ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making

scholarly journals Working memory gating mechanisms explain developmental change in rule-guided behavior

Cognition ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 8-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Unger ◽  
Laura Ackerman ◽  
Christopher H. Chatham ◽  
Dima Amso ◽  
David Badre
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Gating Mechanisms

Working memory in children

1983 ◽  
Vol 302 (1110) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Central Processor ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Children's Memory ◽  
Subvocal Rehearsal

It is frequently assumed that the development of children’s abilities in short-term memory reflects changes in a unitary short-term store. This approach makes only poor contact with recent research on adults, which suggests the idea of a more complex ‘ working memory ’ system consisting of a limited-capacity central processor controlling a number of special-purpose stores. Two such stores are (i) the articulatory loop, a subsystem involved in subvocal rehearsal and associated with memory span, and (ii) the visuo-spatial scratch-pad, involved in imagery. This paper considers the applicability of the working memory framework to the study of children’s memory. In adults, memory span for words is affected by their length, varying linearly with the rate at which they can be articulated, and thus presumably rehearsed. Studies of the developmental growth of memory span in children show that the same linear relation describes performance, with older children’s better memory associated with faster rates of articulation. It appears from this that developmental change corresponds to an increase in the efficiency of subvocal rehearsal, with the decay characteristic of the articulatory loop remaining constant. However, although this simple developmental pattern is observed in memory for sequences of spoken words it is not present when the items are nameable pictures. Further investigation shows that older children use the articulatory loop to remember picture names: their performance is sensitive to phonemic similarity of the names and articulatory interference. However, younger children’s performance is not affected by either of these factors but is sensitive to visual similarity. It is suggested that such children may be storing material in the visuo-spatial scratch-pad. An additional aspect of working memory is that separate mechanisms are thought to be involved in memory span and the ‘recency effect’, the tendency for recent items in a list to be remembered well in unordered recall. A review of evidence obtained with children suggests that age differences in these two phenomena are independent. In general, therefore, it seems difficult to interpret the developmental changes reported here in terms of a unitary short-term store, and it is concluded that working memory provides a more promising approach.

scholarly journals Individual differences in working memory strategies for reading expository text

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Budd ◽  
Paul Whitney ◽  
Kandi Jo Turley
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Memory Strategies

Age-Related Changes in Verbal Working Memory Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Chevalère ◽  
Patrick Lemaire ◽  
Valérie Camos
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Memory Strategies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Self-reported memory strategies and their relationship to immediate and delayed text recall and working memory capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Jonsson ◽  
Carola Wiklund-Hörnqvist ◽  
Mikaela Nyroos ◽  
Arne Börjesson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Text Recall ◽  
Memory Strategies

scholarly journals Developmental Change in a Spatial Task of Attentional Capacity: An Essay Toward an Integration of Two Working Memory Models

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik de Ribaupierre ◽  
Christine Bailleux
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Processing Resources ◽  
Spatial Interference ◽  
The One ◽  
Working Memory Models

The objective of this paper is to illustrate the complementarity of two lines of studies on Working Memory, the neo-Piagetian models of Pascual-Leone and Case on the one hand, and Baddeley's model, on the other. After a brief summary of each model, their similarities and differences are reviewed. An empirical longitudinal study is then presented as an illustration. Four cohorts of children, aged 5, 6, 8, and 10 years on the first assessment, were examined once a year over five years, with a short-term memory task (Mr Peanut), asking for the recall of the location of coloured spots in a clown figure. Two versions were used: a unicoloured task (Peanut-P) and a multicoloured task (Peanut-C), in which subjects had to recall both positions and colours. Three aspects of the results are emphasised. First, it was found that performances in Peanut-C increased with item complexity up to a certain level, beyond which they tended to remain stable; this stability was interpreted as reflecting the limits in processing resources which are postulated by neo-Piagetian models. Secondly, a drastic diminution in the performances was observed on the fourth year, corresponding to a change in the way of responding: The task was computerised, and subjects had to answer, using a computer mouse. It is argued that the monitoring of the mouse disrupts performances because it draws on the same limited resources as the memory task. Finally, results showed that the monitoring of the mouse interferes more with the recall of positions than with the recall of colours, as could be expected if monitoring a computer mouse represents a spatial interference task. Methodological drawbacks of the studies are also discussed, and suggestions for further research indicated.

scholarly journals Development of Working Memory Maintenance

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Geier ◽  
Krista Garver ◽  
Robert Terwilliger ◽  
Beatriz Luna
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visual Spatial Working Memory

The neural circuitry supporting mature visual spatial working memory (VSWM) has been well delineated in nonhuman primates and in human adults. However, we still have limited understanding about developmental change through adolescence in this network. We present results from a fast event-related functional MRI (fMRI) study aimed at characterizing developmental changes in brain mechanisms supporting VSWM across different delay periods. Forty-three healthy subjects (17 adults, 18–30 yr; 13 adolescents, 13–17 yr; 13 children, 8–12 yr) were scanned as they performed an oculomotor delayed response (ODR) task with short (2.5 s) and long (10 s) delay period trials. Results showed that all age groups recruited a common network of regions to support both delay trials, including frontal, parietal, and temporal regions, indicative of a core circuitry needed to perform the task. Several age-related differences were found in the recruitment of regions, supporting short delay trials, including fronto-caudal areas, which could contribute to known differences in initial memory-guided saccade precision. To support extended delay trials, adults primarily recruited additional posterior parietal cortex (PPC), whereas children and adolescents recruited a considerably more extensive distributed circuitry. Our findings indicate that brain processes supporting basic aspects of working memory across cortex are established by childhood. We also find evidence for continued immaturities in systems supporting working memory precision, reflected by differences in the circuitry recruited by children and by continued refinement of fronto-insular-temporal regions recruited by adolescents. Taken together, these results suggest distinct developmental changes in the circuitry supporting visual spatial working memory.

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