scholarly journals Childhood obesity and its cardiovascular implications: a current view

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-005 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ornelas ◽  
J. Francica ◽  
R. Wichi ◽  
L. Maifrino
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Current View ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristic ◽  
A Current

AbstractObesity is a universal disease of increasing prevalence and currently assumes epidemiological characteristic, as a main public health issue in contemporary society. Results from genetic, behavioral and environmental factors and it may start at any age. However, obesity appears at early ages predisposes to its presence at later ages bringing several complications, particularly the development of cardiovascular disease. The analysis indicates that autonomic dysfunction seems to be presented among the majority of risk factors that develop this disease, suggesting the need for a deeper study of this mechanism in children population

scholarly journals 31.B. Workshop: Public health and urban design: an interdisciplinary approach to promote autism friendly environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Autism is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, characterised by early-onset difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviour and interests. The worldwide population prevalence is about 1% with an increasing incidence and prevalence rates. Autism affects more male than female individuals, and comorbidity is common (>70% have concurrent conditions). Determinants of these changes in incidence and prevalence rates may also be related to exposure to environmental factors and to modifications in diagnostic concepts and criteria. In spite of the uncertainty in determinants of incidence of autisms, there is evidence that environmental characteristics play a significant role both as autism risk factors and as potential obstacles that influence the capabilities of autonomously and fully “using” everyday spaces. The workshop aims to provide a framework on risk factors of autism and explore the relationship with the built environment, focusing on the quality of the everyday spaces and projecting the effects that it could have in the long term on achieving a desirable level of quality of life. The 11th Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations “Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” underlines the necessity of designing policies and projects acting to enhance and promote healthy cities and communities by addressing the needs of the most vulnerable groups of inhabitants. Herewith we bring together the discipline of Public Health and Urban Design to promote an interdisciplinary debate on a little explored topic investigating how the approaches adopted during childhood to promote the wellbeing of people with ASD can be related or strengthen by focusing also on built environment design intervention to pursue and reach the same objectives even during adulthood. The workshop will consist of four presentations. The first focuses on giving an overview on current knowledge of intervention for people with autism, presenting also criteria for evidence-based interventions. The second explores the relationship between autism and built environment by providing an exhaustive framework of the available research literature in order to identify a first set of spatial requirements for autism friendly cities. The third examines the impact of built environment on ASD users with the aim of developing a specific evaluation tool for healthcare spaces and best practices formulation according to the specific sensorial hypo- or hyper-activation of people with autism. Finally, the fourth reports the results of a two years Research & Development project called “GAP REDUCE” finalized at developing an Assistive Technology tool to support people with ASD, adult and high-functioning, to plan urban itineraries towards daily destinations. Key messages World's incidence of autism is about 1% with an increasing incidence whose determining rates may also be related to environmental factors and to modifications in diagnostic concepts and criteria. Environmental characteristics play a significant role also as potential obstacles that influence the capabilities of people with autism of autonomously and fully “using” everyday spaces.

‘Genetics load the gun, but the environment pulls the trigger’: novel, emerging and non-traditional risk factors in cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Andrew Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

In this article, Andy Richardson, BANCC Educational Advisor, examines several important environmental and individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Following on from the meeting of Global Leaders at COP26 in Glasgow, he considers the impact of, and exposure to, environmental factors, including pollution and noise.

scholarly journals Causes and Management of Neck Pain in Primary Care, Review Article

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Faisal Suliman Algaows ◽  
Nader Marzouq AlOtaibi ◽  
Salma Mousa Hakami ◽  
Omar Abdrabalrasoul Alkhabaz ◽  
Bandar Owaidh ALJohani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pain Patients

Neck pain is a prevalent ailment that affects many people around the world. Neck pain is linked to a high level of disability and is usually regarded as a serious public health issue. Pain between the superior nuchal line and the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra is referred to as neck pain. The pain in the neck might refer to the head, trunk, and upper limbs in some cases. This article seeks to offer a summary of the existing evidence on the prevalence, costs, diagnosis, prognosis, risk factors, prevention, and management of neck pain patients.

Alta Presión:

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bronwen Horton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Migrant Farmworkers ◽  
Analogous Argument ◽  
Chronic Morbidity

The only survey of migrant farmworkers’ health in California that used clinical exams to collect data found this occupational group had “startlingly” high rates of hypertension and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Drawing upon the narratives of two migrant farmworking women who were both hospitalized for hypertension, this chapter explores the role of “immigration stress” and “work stress” in producing their chronic disease. While public health researchers have recently pointed to racial minorities’ physiological response to chronic discrimination as an explanation for their higher rates of hypertension, this chapter makes an analogous argument for legal minorities. It suggests that the recent trend towards heightened interior immigration enforcement subjects all noncitizens to forms of “everyday violence,” only increasing their chronic worry and “perseverative stress.” This chapter explores how the stress of being a legal minority gets under migrants’ skin, helping account for migrant farmworkers’ higher rates of chronic morbidity and mortality.

Obesity in obstetric and gynaecological practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Sukhwinder Sahota ◽  
Tahir Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Health And Well Being

Obesity is a complex multifactorial disorder, which has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. It affects all aspects of an individual’s life: physical, social, emotional, and psychological. Although it is largely preventable, obesity is now a major public health issue and has a significant impact on the health and well-being of an individual throughout their lifespan. Obesity is associated with multiple adverse outcomes not only during the reproductive phase of a woman’s life but during the post-reproductive era as well. Obesity also increases risks for non-obstetrical and gynaecological illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and non-gynaecological cancers. Obesity thus is a cause of major societal economic burden.

scholarly journals Psychosocial suicide risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (s1) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Karla Patricia Valdés-García ◽  
Luis Miguel Sánchez-Loyo ◽  
Iris Rubí Monroy Velasco ◽  
Claudia Jocabed Carreón Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors

Due to the number of deaths by suicide, it’s classified as a public health problem, and it is a multifactorial and dynamic problem, influenced by biological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental factors. The study aimed to identify risk factors based on the proposal of the biopsychosocial model of suicide risk of Turecki by applying the psychological autopsy in three suicide cases in young people. Debido al número de muertes por suicidio se le ha clasificado como un problema de salud pública, es una problemática multifactorial y dinámica, influenciada por factores biológicos, psicológicos, sociales,culturales y ambientales.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Sultanate of Oman: STEPS Survey 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhra Al-Mawali ◽  
Sathish Kumar Jayapal ◽  
Magdi Morsi ◽  
Waleed Al-Shekaili ◽  
Avinash Daniel Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Biological Risk

Abstract Background Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) represent a major public health issue and currently are the cause of 71% of deaths globally and 72% deaths in Oman. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive, up-to-date and internationally comparable data on NCD risk factors in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing public health policies and to develop further NCD prevention and control interventions. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based, up-to-date, extensive, and reliable baseline data on the behavioural and biological risk factors of NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman.Methods A cross-sectional community‐based survey designed to be nationally representative of the Sultanate of Oman was conducted based on the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS). Multi-stage stratified random sampling according to geographical distribution selected a total of 9053 households (Omani nationals and non-Omani residents). Cluster sampling was used and symmetric equal number of blocks were chosen in each governorate with 823 households chosen from each governorate and one eligible adult selected from each household randomly. The survey used demographic and behavioural information questionnaires along with physical and biochemical measurements among adults aged 18 years and above.Results The prevalence of behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use was 9%, alcohol consumption was 2%, insufficient fruit or vegetable intake was 61%, and insufficient physical activity was 39%. The prevalence of biological risk factors such as overweight and obesity was 66%, raised blood pressure was 33%, raised blood glucose was 16%, and raised blood cholesterol was 36%. The prevalence of multiple risk factors was also determined and 95% of the population were found to have more than one risk factor. Three or more risk factors were found among 33% of population aged 18–69 years and 45% of the population aged 45 years.Conclusions These findings are important to support the formulation and implementation of NCD-related policies and action plans that improve health status and prevent mortality due to NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman.

P3818Association between e-cigarette use and myocardial infarction: analysis of two large population-representative studies in USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Farsalinos ◽  
V Voudris ◽  
R Niaura
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Former Smokers

Abstract Background Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. E-cigarettes are an emerging and controversial public health issue. It is unknown how e-cigarette use affects cardiovascular disease. Purpose In this study, we examine the association between e-cigarette use and myocardial infarction (MI) in two large population-representative studies in USA. Methods The study analyzed the 2016 and 2017 (pooled) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS, N=59,770) and the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (BRFSS, N=450,016). Proportions (95% CI) were calculated and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association between e-cigarette use and MI. Independent variables in the models were demographics, e-cigarette use (daily, some days, former, never), smoking status (daily, some days, former, never) and risk factors for MI (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, BMI). Exercise was also introduced as an independent variable, where available (BRFSS only). Results In NHIS, 90.9% (88.8–93.0%) of daily e-cigarette users were current or former smokers. The respective proportion in BRFSS was 86.3% (85.3–87.3%). The majority of some days and former e-cigarette users (≥70%) were also current or former smokers in both surveys. MI was reported by 4.2% (2.7–5.7%) of daily vs. 3.2% (3.0–3.4%) of never e-cigarette users in NHIS (P=NS), and 4.2% (3.5–6.1%) vs. 4.4% (4.2–4.5%) in BRFSS (P=NS), respectively. In NHIS, daily e-cigarette use was not associated with MI (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 0.97–2.61, P=0.067). Some days and former e-cigarette use were also not associated with MI. In the BRFSS, daily e-cigarette use was not associated with MI (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.96–2.04, P=0.077), but some days (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09–2.11, P=0.014) and former e-cigarette use (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.28, P=0.021) were associated with MI. In both surveys, all patterns of smoking (daily, some days and former smoking) and established risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes) were consistently and strongly associated with MI. ORs for MI Conclusion E-cigarettes are predominantly used by current and former smokers. Daily e-cigarette use was not associated with having had an MI, while inconsistent and seemingly paradoxical associations are observed for some days and former e-cigarette use. Long-term epidemiological studies are needed to examine how e-cigarette use affects the risk of MI, considering the complex interactions between smoking and e-cigarette use. Acknowledgement/Funding None

Incidence, risk factors and economic burden of fall-related injuries in older Chinese people: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Peng ◽  
Maoyi Tian ◽  
Melanie Andersen ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yishu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Older Chinese

ObjectiveChina’s population is ageing and fall-related injury in older Chinese people is a growing public health concern. This review aims to synthesise existing evidence on the incidence, risk factors and economic burden of fall-related injury among older Chinese people to inform health service planning.MethodsA systematic search of literature on falls and injury among older people living in China was performed in six electronic databases including both English and Chinese databases. Results were combined using narrative synthesis due to the heterogeneity of included studies.ResultsA total of 93 studies from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong were included in this review. Most of these studies were descriptive; 82 reported the incidence of fall-related injury among older Chinese people, 7 studies examined the risk factors for fall-related injury and 22 studies described the economic burden of fall-related injury. The incidence of fall-related injury reported among older Chinese people ranged from 0.6% to 19.5%. Risk factors significantly associated with fall-related injury among older Chinese included older age, female sex, walking aid use, living environments, chronic disease, medication usage, visual impairment and a fall direction other than forward. The cost of fall-related injury among older Chinese people ranged from US$16 to US$3812 per person per fall.ConclusionFalls-related injuries are a significant public health issue for older Chinese people. Further studies using prospective design to identify risk factors and the economic burden of fall-related injuries are needed.

scholarly journals Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in East Badewacho District, Southern Ethiopia: Unmatched Case Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarso Sara ◽  
Yusuf Haji ◽  
Achamyelesh Gebretsadik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Face To Face

Introduction. Scabies is one of the common public health problem but neglected parasitic diseases caused bySarcoptes scabieivar.hominis.Global scabies prevalence in both sexes was 204 million. In Ethiopia, scabies is also a common public health issue but there is lack of studies regarding outbreak investigation and risk factors in the study area. This study was aimed to investigate the scabies suspected outbreak and risk factors in East Badewacho District, Southern Ethiopia, 2016.Methods. A community-based unmatched case control (1 : 2 ratios) study was conducted in East Badewacho District, using collected scabies line listed data and face-to-face interview to assess risk factors during October 23–30, 2016. The data were collected using structured questionnaire, and then the data were coded, entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS statistical software, whereas, line listed data was entered into Microsoft excel for descriptive analyses. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to determine associated factors.Results. A total of 4,532 scabies cases line listed with overall attack rate of 110/1,000 population. The mean age was 12 years, and most affected age group was 5–14 years. Independent risk factors found to be statistically associated with scabies infestation were age less than 15 years (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.31–5.22), family size greater than 5 members (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.10–6.27), bed sharing with scabies cases (AOR = 12.47, 95% CI: 3.05–50.94), and home being affected by flooding (AOR = 22.32, 95% CI: 8.46–58.90).Conclusion. Outbreak of scabies occurred in East Badewacho District. Age less than 15 years, family size greater than five members, sleeping with others, and home being affected by flooding are the risk factors. Providing risk factors related health education on prevention and controls especially, at community level and schools, is recommended.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document