Phytoplankton species diversity control through competitive exclusion and physical disturbances

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. David Hambright ◽  
Tamar Zohary
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Diversity Control

Species diversity, community structure and distribution of phytoplankton in the Changjiang estuary during dry and flood periods

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.Y. Guo ◽  
H.T. Shen ◽  
J.H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Changjiang Estuary ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Flood Period

This paper reports on the phytoplankton community, its composition, structure and distribution in Changjiang estuary from February 1999 to March 2000. Two hundred and eight species were identified in the dry and flood periods. Diatoms, with 143 species observed, was the most abundant phytoplankton group, accounting for 68.75% of the total phytoplankton species number. Skeletonema costatum was dominant among all the species. The phytoplankton of Changjiang estuary in China was divided into five ecological categories: freshwater species, estuary brackish water species, inshore low salinity species, inshore widespread species and off-sea high salinity species. During the dry period, the major phytoplankton populations in the surface layer were estuary inshore and offshore populations, distinguished from the composition of the bottom layer. The community structure was similar in the two layers during the flood period. The phytoplankton species diversity was calculated for Simpson, Shannon–Weaver diversity and evenness indices, and found to be higher in the dry period, due to the simple dominant species and low spatial heterogeneity in the flood period. Higher phytoplankton abundance was observed in the surface layer during the flood period. The phytoplankton species distribution, coinciding with the dominant species distribution, varied with salinity, and their abundance correlated significantly with nutrients and light.

The influence of mowing, fertilization, and plant removal on the botanical composition of an artificial sward

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Parish ◽  
Roy Turkington ◽  
Elena Klein
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Plant Removal ◽  
Fraser Valley

An artificial pasture was established using a forage seed mixture commonly used in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia. For five growing seasons, the plots were subjected to all combinations of two fertilizer levels, four frequencies of mowing, and the removal or not of small divots to create small gaps. All species were still present at the end of the study, but only Dactylis glomerata was found in all treatments; the abundance of ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) and clovers (Trifolium spp.) declined considerably, and there were significant [Formula: see text] between-year differences for all species. Mowing [Formula: see text] and fertilization [Formula: see text] had significant impacts on the abundance of all species, and there was a significant [Formula: see text] fertilization × mowing interaction effect on all species except Festuca sp. Divot removal had little impact. The number of species per plot and species diversity were highest, but the abundance of species was lowest, in unfertilized and frequently mown plots. The results are discussed in the context of tolerance to shading, nutrient application and growth rates, and competitive exclusion. Key words: mowing, fertilization, disturbance.

scholarly journals A resource-based game theoretical approach for the paradox of the plankton

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weini Huang ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Araujo Campos ◽  
Viviane Moraes de Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Fagundes Ferrreira
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Game Theoretical Approach ◽  
Plankton Communities ◽  
Over Time

The maintenance of species diversity is a central focus in ecology. It is not rare to observe more species than the number of limiting resources, especially in plankton communities. However, such high species diversity is hard to achieve in theory under the competitive exclusion principles, known as the plankton paradox. Previous studies often focus on the coexistence of predefined species and ignore the fact that species can evolve. We model multi-resource competitions using evolutionary games, where the number of species fluctuates under extinction and the appearance of new species. The interspecific and intraspecific competitions are captured by a dynamical payoff matrix, which has a size of the number of species. The competition strength (payoff entries) is obtained from comparing the capability of species in consuming resources, which can change over time. This allows for the robust coexistence of a large number of species, providing a possible solution to the plankton paradox.

Habitats, diets, and sympatry in snakes: a study from Australia

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1118-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Shine
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Eastern Australia

Six species of elapid snakes were studied in a highlands region of eastern Australia. Major results were as follows. (1) These snakes are opportunistic feeders, relatively unselective with respect to prey type or prey size. (2) Despite this unselective feeding, over 60% of the diet (by weight) in all species consists of lizards and frogs. Published data show a preponderance of these prey types in Australian snakes as a whole, and I suggest that this is due to the scarcity of other potential prey items (especially small mammals and freshwater fish) in Australia. (3) Sympatry is less common in the elapids studied than among North American snakes in comparable climatic regions. I attribute the scarcity of sympatry among the Australian snakes to the restricted number of prey types available. This argument is supported by previous empirical work which suggests that prey species diversity determines snake species diversity. Observed prey-size differences between sympatric elapid species are consistent with the interpretation of interspecific competitive exclusion.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton Species Diversity in The Manado Bay River's Mouths

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
I Gede Bagus Indradewa ◽  
Rose O.S.E Mantiri ◽  
Jan F.W.S. Tamanampo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Ecological Indices ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Index Value

The research was conducted in four rivermouths surrounding city of Manado. The first location is Bahu rivermouth, second location is Sario rivermouth, third location is Jengki rivermouth and the fourth location is Bailang rivermouth. Objectives of this study were to reveal the composition of phytoplankton and its ecological indices in those four rivermouths.Method used was considered as descriptive and explorative study. Plankton net with 60 µm mesh size used for samples collection. The volume of water on the cod end was 50 ml which then  brought into the laboratory for further identification and density calculation.Fourtyfive in total of phytoplankton species identified on those four rivermouths comprise of 23 marine species and 22 freshwater species. The highest density value (5.99 individu/l) was found in Jengki rivermouth while the lowest found in Bahu rivermouth (0.65 individu/l). Those four rivermouths have diversity index ranging from 0.94 to 2.03 that considered high. This index value shows that there is no dominant species recorded in the study areasKeyword: Phytoplankton, Rivermounth, Manado bay AbstrakPenelitian ini dilaksanakan di empat muara sungai yang terdapat pada Kota Manado. Lokasi pertama di muara sungai Bahu, lokasi kedua di muara sungai Sario, lokasi ketiga di muara Sungai Jengki dan lokasi keempat di muara sungai Bailang. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui jenis-jenis fitoplankton di keempat muara sungai di Kota Manado kawasan Teluk Manado dan mengetahui kepadatan spesies dan indeks ekologis fitoplankton di keempat muara sungai tersebut.            Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan eksploratif. Sampling plankton menggunakan plankton net ukuran 60 µm. Air yang tersaring dan tertampung di cod end  sebanyak 50 ml kemudian diidentifikasi dan dihitung kepadatannya.Diperoleh 45 spesies fitoplankton di empat muara tersebut terbagi atas 23 spesies air laut dan 22 spesies air tawar, dengan kepadatan tertinggi sebesar 5,99 ind/l yang terdapat pada muara Jengki dan kepadatan terendah sebesar 0,65 ind/l terdapat pada muara Bahu. Keempat muara tersebut memiliki indeks keanekaragaman 0,94-2,03 yang berarti memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman yang tinggi. Angka ini juga menunjukan bahwa pada daerah ini tidak ada spesies yang terlalu mendominansi suatu wilayah.Kata kunci: Fitoplankton, Muara sungai, Teluk Manado  

phytoplankton Communities of Lakes Experimentally Acidified with Sulfuric and Nitric Acids

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1378-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Findlay ◽  
S. E. M. Kasian
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
The South ◽  
South Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities

Additions of sulfuric acid to the South Basin and nitric acid to the North Basin of Lake 302 caused major changes in the phytoplankton communities. The basins were separated by a nylon-reinforced vinyl sea curtain. In the South Basin, below pH 5.6, species composition shifted from chrysophycean dominance to one of Dinophyceae. Diatoms and cyanophytes were eliminated below pH 5.3. Phytoplankton species diversity decreased as pH decreased. Total epilimnetic biomass was unchanged, except in late fall, when entrainment of dense layers of hypolimnetic species caused increases. The assemblage in the North Basin changed immediately upon additions of HNO3 to resemble systems experimentally fertilized with nitrogen. Chrysophycean dominance gave way to chlorophytes and dinoflagellates. Once pH decreased below 6.0, diatoms and cyanophytes were eliminated from the assemblage, as in the South Basin. Phytoplankton species diversity decreased, but total epilimnetic biomass remained unaffected.

Relative importance of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms in maintaining phytoplankton species diversity

Ecoscience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Narwani ◽  
Julie Berthin ◽  
Asit Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Phytoplankton Species

Phytoplankton species diversity of the Lower Vistula from Wyszogród to Toruń

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Dembowska
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
River Section ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Species Composition

Phytoplankton species diversity of the Lower Vistula from Wyszogród to ToruńIn this paper, the results of research on phytoplankton species composition along the 145 km section of the Lower Vistula are presented. The research was carried out during the growing season in 1998. All sites were located in the mainstream, both in the river and in the dam reservoir, which is situated in the middle part of the studied river section. As regards the number of species, diatoms and green algae were the most numerous. Most of the species were identified at the site located above the dam reservoir. The fewest number of species were identified at the sites below the reservoir. Damming the river, and therefore changing the water flow velocity, had a clear effect on the species composition and diversity of plankton algae.

scholarly journals SPECIES DIVERSITY AND RICHNESS INDICES OF PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IN ANCHAR LAKE OF KASHMIR-INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzamil Bashir ◽  
Sheema Zaffar ◽  
Javid Ahmad Malik ◽  
Mohammad Farooq Mir
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Aquatic Habitat ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
State Of Water

The most significant biotic constituent in a lake ecosystem is represented by phytoplankton in their diverse forms. phytoplankton because of their capacity to integrate environmental changes over periods of a few years, and reflect the cumulative effects of successive disturbances, are considered excellent biomass ecological state of water bodies Biodiversity to the aquatic ecosystem is quite varied starting from plankton (phytoplankton and zooplankton) to higher vertebrates like fishes. Study of plankton (phytoplankton and zooplankton) diversity and their ecology greatly contribute to an understanding of the basic nature and general economy of an aquatic habitat. In the present study overall, six broad groups of phytoplankton were observed during the present study, which include Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dynophyceae and Cryptoceae

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