scholarly journals A Non-Naturalised Methodology for Social Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-194
Author(s):  
Omobola Olufunto Badejo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Philosophical Argumentation ◽  
Philosophy Of Social Sciences

At the rise of the twentieth century, armed with the success of natural sciences, the school of naturalism argued that the appropriate methodology for all disciplines, including social sciences, is that of natural science. The paper argued that social sciences cannot be naturalised and has its own appropriate methodology. The paper examined the arguments for naturalism and non-naturalism of the method of philosophy of social sciences. The paper employed both primary and secondary sources of data. Data collected were subjected to critical analysis and philosophical argumentation. The results showed that the nature of social sciences is such that it cannot be subjected to only scientific methods. The paper concludes that there is a need for a methodology that understands the subject matter of social sciences to address issues in social sciences. The paper addressed some key issues in philosophy of social sciences. Keywords: Methodology, Natural sciences, Naturalism, Social sciences.

Rhythm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lexi Eikelboom
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contemporary Philosopher ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theoretical Category

This book argues that, as a pervasive dimension of human existence with theological implications, rhythm ought to be considered a category of theological significance. Philosophers and theologians have drawn on rhythm—patterned movements of repetition and variation—to describe reality, however, the ways in which rhythm is used and understood differ based on a variety of metaphysical commitments with varying theological implications. This book brings those implications into the open, using resources from phenomenology, prosody, and the social sciences to analyse and evaluate uses of rhythm in metaphysical and theological accounts of reality. The analysis relies on a distinction from prosody between a synchronic approach to rhythm—observing the whole at once and considering how various dimensions of a rhythm hold together harmoniously—and a diachronic approach—focusing on the ways in which time unfolds as the subject experiences it. The text engages with the twentieth-century Jesuit theologian Erich Przywara alongside thinkers as diverse as Augustine and the contemporary philosopher Giorgio Agamben, and proposes an approach to rhythm that serves the concerns of theological conversation. It demonstrates the difference that including rhythm in theological conversation makes to how we think about questions such as “what is creation?” and “what is the nature of the God–creature relationship?” from the perspective of rhythm. As a theoretical category, capable of expressing metaphysical commitments, yet shaped by the cultural rhythms in which those expressing such commitments are embedded, rhythm is particularly significant for theology as a phenomenon through which culture and embodied experience influence doctrine.

Science and common sense in the study of international politics

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
Roger D. Spegele
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Humean View

The history of recent efforts to establish a science of international politics may be usefully viewed as elaborate glosses on David Hume's powerful philosophical programme for resolving, reconciling or dissolving a variety of perspicuous dualities: the external and the internal, mind and body, reason and experience. Philosophers and historians of ideas still dispute the extent to which Hume succeeded but if one is to judge by the two leading ‘scientific’ research programmes1 for international politics—inductivism and naive falsificationism —these dualities are as unresolved as ever, with fatal consequences for the thesis of the unity of the sciences. For the failure to reconcile or otherwise dissolve such divisions shows that, on the Humean view, there is at least one difference between the physical (or natural) sciences. and the moral (or social) sciences: namely, that while the latter bear on the internal and external, the former are concerned primarily with the external. How much this difference matters and how the issue is avoided by the proponents of inductivism and naïve falsification is the subject matter of this paper.

scholarly journals The Ombudsman Institution as a mechanism of accountability in public administration: The case of GermanyKamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik mekanizması olarak Ombudsmanlık Kurumu: Almanya örneği

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Sefa Usta ◽  
Abdulvahap Akıncı
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Accountability Mechanism

In the formation of a transparent and accountable public administration system and an understanding of administration, such institutions like the Ombudsman have important functions. The Ombudsman Institution, which undertakes an effective role in the solution of the problems experienced between the state and the citizen, has important responsibilities to institutionalize human rights and democratization, reduce the bad administration practices and most importantly, make the accountability mechanism the built-in in public administration. The Ombudsman Institution, which has been formed with different names in many countries in the world, has been established in Germany with the name of “the Defense Ombudsman,” and it carries out its activities under this framework.The main objective of the study is to examine the Ombudsman Institution as an extension of accountability mechanism in public administration and to asses “the Defense Ombudsman Institution”, which operates in Germany. Under the study prepared for this purpose, it is treated the concept of accountability in public administration with its general terms and examined the Ombudsman Institution, departing from the case of Germany. The study is terminated with an overview and a chapter of conclusion.In the study, it has been benefited from the scientific methods of descriptive analysis and critical review of the literature and set out from the secondary sources written about the subject and the primary sources like constitutional and legal regulations that are the basis of the Ombudsman Institution in Germany. ÖzetŞeffaf ve hesap verebilir bir kamu yönetimi sisteminin ve yönetim anlayışının oluşumunda Ombudsmanlık benzeri kurumlara önemli işlevler düşmektedir. Devlet ve vatandaş arasında yaşanan sorunların çözümü noktasında etkili bir rol üstlenen ombudsmanlık kurumuna, insan haklarının ve demokratikleşmenin kurumsallaşmasında, kötü yönetim uygulamalarının azaltılmasında ve en önemlisi kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik mekanizmasının yerleşik hale gelmesinde önemli sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Dünyada birçok ülkede farklı adlarla oluşturulmuş olan Ombudsmanlık Kurumu, Almanya'da Savunma Ombudsmanlığı ismiyle kurulmuş ve faaliyetlerini yürütmektedir.Çalışmanın temel amacı, kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik mekanizmasının bir uzantısı olarak Ombudsmanlık kurumunun incelenerek, Almanya'da faaliyet gösteren "Savunma Ombudsmanlığı Kurumu"nun değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan çalışma kapsamında, kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik kavramı genel hatlarıyla ele alınmakta, Ombudsmanlık Kurumu Almanya örneğinden hareketle irdelenmektedir. Çalışma genel bir değerlendirme ve sonuç kısmıyla nihayetlendirilmektedir.Bu kapsamda hazırlanan çalışmada, betimsel analiz yönteminden ve eleştirel literatür taramasından yararlanılmış, konu ile ilgili yazılmış ikinci kaynaklardan ve Almanya'da Ombudsmanlık Kurumu'nun dayanağı olan anayasal ve yasal düzenlemeler gibi birincil kaynaklardan faydalanılmıştır.

scholarly journals Internacjonalizacja. W kręgu nowej terminologii dwudziestowiecznej debaty ideologicznej i naukowej

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Ryszard Skarzyński
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Subject

There are many specific concepts used in social sciences to describe social phenomena. In this text, the subject of research is internationalization, one of the new terms in the twentieth century, similarly to fascism, communism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, the political, geopolitics, but also international relations and polyarchy. The article presents the meaning of the concept of internationalization, its genesis and relationships with specific social phenomena to which it should be applied during analysis.

Real Gymnasium and its Importance in the Context of Rebirth of Poland in 1918 – Poznan Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Justyna Gulczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
General Education ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Real ◽  
Education School ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Type Of School

The subject of the article is the real gymnasium and its implementation in Poland after the restoration of its independence in 1918. Real gymnasium is a type of institutional education, functioning in the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. It was a secondary general education school that typically emphasizes mathematics and natural sciences. Its goal was to educate in a practical, useful and polytechnic spirit. This type of school was developed in Poland under Prussian partition, but also since Poland’s independence.

scholarly journals The convergent processes of the religious life of our time

2005 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Eduard Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Comparative Religion ◽  
German Scholar ◽  
Structure And Functions

The most common tendencies in religious life of the second half of the twentieth century, which I propose to call "convergent processes". The term "convergence" (from the Latin. Convergentio, convergo - converge, approach) was first used by German scholar Henry Frick in his work Comparative Religion. In seeking to approximate the terminology of the natural sciences and social sciences, begun by DF Schlemmacher, G. Frick used the term in the sense in which it was already used primarily in biology, where this concept characterizes the process of appearance of similarities in the structure and functions in distant the origin of the organisms as a result of their adaptation to the same conditions of existence. The term was used by the researcher to refer to similar processes in different religions

scholarly journals Islamization of Knowledge

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-415
Author(s):  
Masudul Alam Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
True Belief ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Universe

This well-written book comprehensively outlines the basic precepts onwhich a concept and a program of Islamization of knowledge must, accordingto the author, rest. In his attempt to outline these directions, the author firstdefines the concept of Islamization as " ... practising (i.e., discovering, compiling,piecing together, communicating and publishing) intellectual activitybased on the Islamic concept of the universe" (p. 5). He further states that"'Islamization' covers everything within the realm of the true belief in theexistence of Allah (SWT)" (p. 5). This definition is enhanced by Khalil's unequivocalreference to the Shari'ah and fiqh, the derivative of the Qur'an andthe Sunnah, as being the principal background for the Islamization process.Another important aspect of Islamization, according to the author, is theabsence of dualism in this framework. He says that in the quest for establishingthe Islamic dimensions of belief in the diversity of human acquisitions,all "that might lead to dualism between the Divine orientation and its absoluteknowledge and the conflicting relativism of human efforts" (p. 6) must beavoided.The author correctly points out that Islamization must be carried out onboth the theoretical (normative) and the practical (positive) aspects of the sciences.It is here, however, that a series of questions arise and which, in turn,lead to a critical analysis that seemingly does not support the author's thesison the modus operandi and worldview of Islamization. Internal inconsistencieswithin the arguments presented also lead to several difficulties. In my analysisof some of these problematic points, I will use the tawhidi precept that tentersthe Islamization process.Islamizing the Natural and the Social SciencesKhalil says that the natutal and the social sciences are not amenable tothe same degtee of Islamization. In his view, the social sciences will be Islamizedbefore the natural sciences: "... sciences such as civil engineering, algebra,trigonometry or mathematics in general, as well as other disciplineslike statistics, chemistry and possibly geology, may not be related to the process"(p. 7) ...

e-ConSus 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Amitava Basu ◽  
Dr. Sudipta Das ◽  
Mr. Rajarshi Das ◽  
Mr. Kajal Maji ◽  
Mr. Shashi Kr. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diverse Background ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Background Area ◽  
Culture And Language

The subject Area of the Conference was interdisciplinary. Therefore, Contributors enquired and looked at the broad question of Sustainable Development (Theme of our Conference) from the point of view of Natural sciences, Social Sciences, and Literature, Culture, and Language. The latest insights have been shared on the said themes as the contributors are from diverse background area.

The new urban history and its alternatives: some reflections on recent U.S. scholarship on the twentieth-century city

Urban History ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Mohl
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban History ◽  
American History ◽  
American City ◽  
Urban America ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

Historians came late to the study of the American city. They lagged far behind scholars in other disciplines who, by the turn of the twentieth century, had begun to apply the tools of the social sciences to the examination of urban America and its problems. American urban history as a distinctive field of scholarly inquiry does not date much earlier than 1940, when Arthur M. Schlesinger, sr, published his landmark article on ‘The City in American History.’ Interest in the field grew rather slowly, however, and by the mid-1950s only a half-dozen or so universities offered courses in the subject. Progress in urban history research was also somewhat less than dynamic, the chief accomplishments being several fine urban biographies and a handful of monographs, notably the works of Carl Bridenbaugh on the colonial seaport towns, Oscar Handlin's study of Boston's immigrants, and Richard C. Wade's book, The Urban Frontier (1959).

Yogendra Singh: Remembering the Sociologist (1932–2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-413
Author(s):  
Amites Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Indian Tradition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

Yogendra Singh, the sociologist and the Professor emeritus of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) passed away in May this year. Professor Singh’s demise is not only a loss to the sociology fraternity, but also to the scholarship on and more importantly, to the tradition of critical studies in India. The article remembers Yogendra Singh and reflects on his career as a teacher, an academic and institution builder. Yogendra Singh was not simply a professor of JNU, but he collaborated with his colleagues in the late sixties in making possible the school of social sciences of JNU. The paper remembers him as a fine human being careful with his words and committed to the society he made the subject of his study. His sociology taught him to be critical about his ascriptive ancestry. In spite of being born in a zamindar family in Uttar Pradesh, Singh made caste, hierarchy and privileges an object of his critical analysis. The paper looks at Professor Singh’s contribution to different domains of sociology and Indian society, particularly modernizing India, Indian tradition, caste, class and hierarchies. He is also remembered for his works on historical roots of Indian sociology and institutions of science and critical learning.

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