scholarly journals Comparison of Mortality by Gender and Regions in Tanzania using Direct Standardized Death Rates (DSDR) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shadrack E. Kibona ◽  
Christopher H. Mbotwa
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Direct Standardization ◽  
Better Than

Background: Comparison of mortality is very useful in assessing population health. Crude rates can easily be computed from the mortality but they are not good for comparison across groups of the population. The aim of this paper was to compare mortality in Tanzania by region and gender using the 2012 Tanzania Population and Housing Census. Methods: Age-specific death rates for regions, Tanzania Mainland, Tanzania Zanzibar and entire Tanzania were obtained from Mortality and Health monograph data downloadable from the National Bureau of Statistics website. The direct standardization method was used to compare the mortality for male and female populations across all regions of Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar. Results: Findings show that the mortality is low in Arusha, Manyara, and Kilimanjaro compared to other regions in Tanzania mainland implying that health status for both male and female population in those regions is better than the other regions while it is the worst in Njombe, Iringa, and Kagera implying the poor health status for those regions as compared to the rest regions in Tanzania Mainland. In Tanzania Zanzibar, high mortality was observed in Kusini Unguja and the lowest in Kaskazini Unguja for both male and female populations. By national wise and for almost all regions, the mortality for the male population is higher than that for the female population. Conclusion: Direct standardization methods can save as the best way for comparing mortality because it takes into consideration both the population at risk and the age structure. However, in estimating mortality, crude death rates should be used to give the magnitude while direct standardized death rates should be used for comparison purposes.

scholarly journals The relationship between human adenovirus 36 and obesity in Chinese Han population

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Qi Pan ◽  
Xiaoxia Wang ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Fei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Chinese Han Population ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Han Population ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adenovirus 36

The study aimed to explore the prevalence of human adenovirus-36 (HAdV-36) infection and the association of HAdV-36 with obesity in Chinese Han population. A qualitative determination using ELISA was performed to determine by duplication of the antibodies to HAdV-36 in the serum samples. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between HAdV-36 seropositivity and obesity. The overall HAdV-36 seroprevalence was 49.8% amongst 824 participants. The prevalence of HAdV-36 seropositive was 42.9 and 51.4% in the obese and non-obese participants, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P=0.05). There were significant differences in the anthropometric and biochemical parameters observed between the two groups except for height (P=0.067) and total cholesterol (TC) (P<0.29). After the adjustment for age and gender, HAdV-36 seropositivity was a protective factor for obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = 0.48–0.97, P=0.03). In the male population, the adjusted OR for AD-36 antibody-positive status was statistically decreased for obese adults (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.39–0.91; P=0.02). However, the similar result was not obtained in the female population (OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.48–1.67; P=0.73). We found a high prevalence of HAdV-36 infection in China and significant association between HAdV-36 infection and obesity or weight gain after the adjustment for age and gender. The HAdV-36 infection may be related to the weight loss in Chinese Han population, especially in the male group, which needs to be further confirmed.

THE INFLUENCE OF FEMINIST SELF-DEFINITION ON THE DEMOCRATIC ATTITUDES OF MANAGERS

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayala Malach Pines ◽  
Henriette Dahan-Kalev ◽  
Sigalit Ronen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Democratic Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Better Than

The only consistent gender difference in management style reported in the literature is the more democratic style of women. Democratic leadership is a cornerstone of the feminist approach. The current exploratory study attempted to differentiate between the effect of feminist self-definition and gender in explaining differences in democratic attitudes of managers. Israeli male (43) and female (28) managers were questioned about their managerial attitudes and whether they are feminist or non-feminist. Results suggest that a surprisingly high number of both male and female managers defined themselves as feminist. Furthermore, feminist selfdefinition was found to explain several democratic managerial attitudes better than gender.

scholarly journals Population challenges from the gender perspective

2010 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Ankica Sobot
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Demographic Processes

In this paper, population challenges are recognized from the perspective of various demographic structures of the male and female population. The larger scope of female population in Vojvodina is mainly the result of a more emphasized gender imbalance among the population of 65 or over. There are more unmarried females but more males among the never-married persons. Among the middle-aged population, there are more women with higher education, but they are also economically independent to a greater extent than the male population. Gender equality is a challenge as a factor of demographic processes and as an aspect of policies directed towards the population, but adequate responses for demographic development and social care of the population are implied by both male and female positions. By comparative approach, the characteristics of gender positions and differences in Vojvodina are noted, as well as the space for promoting positions of sexes and mitigation of the gender gap. The necessity for a deeper socio-demographic analysis and empirical research of gender differences as a relevant population challenge are also noted. .

scholarly journals Determinants and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects Attending the General Outpatient Department of the Federal Medical Centre Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
M. K. Atiku ◽  
M. A. Wudil ◽  
K. I. Matazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
North West

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a term that describe the presence of conditions that increase an individual risk for heart disease and other disorders such as diabetes and stroke, and its occurrence is in the rise in residents of North-Western Nigeria, The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in respondents from Katsina senatorial zone attending the Out-patient Department of the Federal Medical Center Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of 211 (male 109; female 102) respondents aged 10 to 80 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure of respondents were determined using standard methods; serum lipid profile was determined using enzymatic methods. From the results, 11.8% of the male respondents were under weight, 51.6% were within the normal range, 25.4% of the study male population was found to be overweight and 12.8% were obese. 13.5% of the female respondents were under weight, 51.9% were within the normal range, 22.8% of the study female population was found to be overweight and 13.1% were obese. All serum lipids measurements with the exception of serum LDL-C concentration correlated positively with age. There were no statistically significant differences between the frequencies of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TRIG between the male and female respondents. The most common form of Dyslipidemia in the male and female respondents is low HDL-C. BMI, SBP, LDL-C, HDLC and TRIG were associated metabolic syndrome with the association being significant for SBP and HDL-C (0.05; 0.03) in the male respondent, in the female respondents BMI, SBP, DBP, LDL-C and TRIG were associated metabolic syndrome with the association being significant for SBP, DBP, and TRIG (0.04; 0.04; 0.04) respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was highest in male (31.75%) than in the female respondents (28.33).The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is common in the population under study with the male respondents having the highest prevalence. A robust and well design intervention program by concerned authorities is desirable to address complications of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the population.

The Impact of Sex and Gender on Heart-Brain Axis Dysfunction: Current Concepts and Novel Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Baroni ◽  
Vincenzo Lionetti
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The Heart-Brain Axis (HBA) recapitulates all the circuits that regulate bidirectional flow of communication between heart and brain. Several mechanisms may underlie the interdependent relationship involving heterogeneous tissues at rest and during specific target organ injury, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, mood disorders or dementia. In-depth translational studies of the HBA dysfunction under single-organ injury should include both male and female animals to develop sex/gender-oriented prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Indeed, sex and gender are determining factors since females and males exhibit significant differences in terms of susceptibility to risk factors, age of onset, severity of symptoms and outcome. Despite most studies have focused on the male population, we have conducted a careful appraisal of the literature investigating HBA in females. In particular, we have i) analysed sex-related heart and brain illnesses, ii) recapitulated the most significant studies simultaneously conducted on cardio- and cerebrovascular systems in female population, iii) hypothesised future perspectives for the development of gender-based approach to HBA dysfunction. Although sex/gender-oriented research is at its infancy, the impact of sex on HBA dysfunction is opening unexpected new avenues for managing health of female subjects exposed to risk of lifestyle multi-organ disease.

Effects of Apolipoprotein E Gene and Sex On Serum Lipid Profiles in Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Ting Bao ◽  
Ruwei Ou ◽  
Qianqian Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: The ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles of apolipoprotein (APO) E gene constitute a common polymorphism in most populations, among which the APOEε4 allele is known to increase both the susceptibility and severity of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and it is also associated with lipid profiles. High serum total cholesterol (TC) level in middle age has been proven to be a risk factor for AD and its related pathology. In addition, sex may alter the risk associated with the APOEε4 allele, and gender-specific APOE gene interactions can alter the response to anticholinesterase therapy. Therefore, sex is an important factor in studying the relationship between the APOE gene, lipid profiles and AD, and the underlying mechanism. However, there are few studies on whether there are differences in the effects of APOEε2 and APOEε4 on AD patients and healthy people of different genders, respectively.Material and methods: A total of 549 participants, including 298 AD patients and 251 body mass index (BMI)-matched health controls (HCs), were enrolled. Lipid profiles and APOE genes in both AD patients and matched controls were determined. The cognitive functions of the AD patients were evaluated using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Results: (1) The levels of TC and LDL in the AD group were higher than those in HCs. Subgroup analysis found that the AD patients with the APOEε4 allele had higher levels of TC and LDL than HCs carrying the APOEε4 allele, while in individuals without the APOEε4 allele. There was no significant difference in TG and HDL levels between the AD group and HCs. (2) The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers were higher than those in non-APOEε4 carriers. Subgroup analysis found that the increase of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers was found in the AD and female populations, but not in HCs and male populations. (3) The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε2 carriers were lower than those in non-APOEε2 carriers. Subgroup analysis found that the TC of APOEε2 carriers was lower than that of non-carriers in the male AD population, but not in the female AD population, female HCs, and male HCs. (4) The levels of TC, HDL and LDL in the female population were higher than the male population. (5) The increased LDL level may increase the risk of AD in female people carrying APOEε4.Conclusion: AD patients had higher TC and LDL levels than HCs, especially in the population with the APOEε4 allele. The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers were higher than those in non-APOEε4 carriers, especially in the female AD populations. The TC of APOEε2 carriers was lower than that of non-carriers, especially in male AD populations.

Dynamics of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in different groups of the adult population in the Russian Federation in 2011–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
A.A. Kubanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Bogdanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Objective. To describe the dynamics of the incidence of six sexually transmitted infections among different age and gender groups of the adult population in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The analysis of data from the federal statistical observation of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the Russian Federation in 2011–2019. Results. In the Russian Federation, in all age and gender groups of the adult population during the period 2011–2019, there was a decrease in the incidence of early forms of syphilis, trichomoniasis, gonococcal and chlamydia infections. There were changes in the age structure of the number of cases of sexually transmitted infections with an increase in the proportion of cases detected among people aged 40 or over. The increase in the incidence of late and other unspecified forms of syphilis was noted among the male population aged 30 years or over and the female population aged 40 years or over. In 2019, compared to 2011, the increase in the incidence of anogenital warts and anogenital herpes virus infection was recorded among the male population aged 40 or over. Key words: age and gender groups, incidence, sexually transmitted infections, the Russian Federation

Indistinguishable patterns of recombination resulting from male and female meioses in Brassica napus (oilseed rape)

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Kelly ◽  
A. G. Sharpe ◽  
J. H. Nixon ◽  
D. J. Lydiate ◽  
E. J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Genome Map ◽  
Backcross Populations

An F1 individual derived from a cross between two distinct lines of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was used to produce a pair of complementary backcross populations, each consisting of 90 individuals. The F1 donated male gametes to the Male population and female gametes to the Female population. Genetic maps were generated from both populations and aligned using 117 common loci to form an integrated genome map of B. napus with 243 RFLP-defined loci. A comparison of the frequency and distribution of crossovers in the two populations of F1 gametes (assayed in the Male and Female populations) detected no differences. The genetic maps derived from the Male and Female populations each consisted of 19 linkage groups spanning 1544 and 1577 cM, respectively. The maps were aligned with other B. napus maps, and all 19 equivalent linkage groups were unambiguously assigned. The genetic size and general organisation of the new maps were comparable with those of pre-existing B. napus maps in most respects, except that the levels of polymorphism in the constituent A and C genomes were unusually similar in the new cross.Key words: genetic linkage map, sex differences, recombination frequency, segregation distortion.

Gender and age characteristics of patients with senile cataract

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Ulyana V. ZHABINA ◽  
Denis.V. EFIMOV
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Senile Cataract ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

Cataract is one of the main causes of visually impaired and blindness that can be prevented. The purpose of the study is to analyze the gender and age characteristics of patients with senile cataract. Research material and methods. We studied the data of outpatient medical maps of patients with senile cataract attached for primary health care to the polyclinic of Tambov City Clinical Hospital no. 4 and carried out calculations of the prevalence of senile cataract were on 1000 people of the corresponding age and gender, the indicator of the ratio of chances with the calculation of 95% of the confidence interval. Results of a research. The analysis showed that the highest prevalence of senile cataract was between the ages of 60-69 - 47.5 ± 4.8 (38.0-57.0) cases among the female population and 44.3 ± 7.0 (30.6-58.0) cases among the male, with the prevalence rate of senile cataract being almost twice as high as that of the male population. Conclusion. The data provided on gender and age differences among the population with senile cataracts will contribute to the organization of preventive measures and rational resource planning.

Social and hygienic problems and mortality of the population after the liquidation of a city-forming enterprise for the production of chemically hazardous substances (on the example of Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 768-780
Author(s):  
Igor V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
Oleg O. Salagai ◽  
Galina I. Tikhonova ◽  
Anastasiya N. Churanova ◽  
Tatyana Yu. Gorchakova
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Irkutsk Oblast ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The City

Introduction. In Usolye-Sibirskoye, after the liquidation of the town-forming enterprise "Usoliekhimprom", the socio-economic and demographic situation sharply worsened, and environmental problems accumulated since the 30s of the twentieth century aggravated. For the period 1990-2019, the city's population decreased by almost 30%. The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the mortality rate of the male and female population of Usolye-Sibirskoye, the Irkutsk Oblast and Russia and assess the contribution of a certain age and gender groups (children, working-age, and post-working age) to the formation of super-mortality in the population. Materials and methods. The study base was the primary data of the Federal State Statistics Service (Table C-51 "The number of deaths by sex, age and specific causes of death" and 2PN "Population by sex and age"). We calculated the age-specific for 5-year age groups and age-standardized mortality rates from all causes of death separately for the male and female population of Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk Oblast and Russia for ten years (2010-2019) and traced them dynamics. Standardization was carried out by a direct method (the standard is the population of Russia according to the 2010 census). Considering the small population of the city and the resulting fluctuations in the mortality rate in individual years, to obtain stable indicators, we summarized the data on mortality for ten years (2010-2019) and calculated the average coefficients. We performed similar calculations for the region and country. We also assessed the contribution of certain age and gender groups (children, working and post-working ages) to the formation of excess mortality. Results. During 2010-2019 among the male and female populations of Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk Oblast and Russia, there was a steady decrease in mortality, but in the city, higher rates and slower rates of their decline were recorded compared to the region and the country. As a result, at the end of the observation period, the gap between the city's mortality rate and the compared territories increased even more. The most significant demographic losses occurred in the working age, where the average mortality rate for men and women over ten years was 28 and 37%, respectively, higher than the regional and 1.8 and 2.2 times the national average. Conclusion. Thus, the main contribution to the excess mortality of the population of Usolye-Sibirskoye is made by men and women of working age (from 53.6% to 72.5% depending on the comparison area), which, on the one hand, maybe a consequence of the influence of harmful and dangerous working conditions. In combination with a polluted environment, on the other hand, it may be due to the termination of the operation of a city-forming enterprise and the inevitable increase in unemployment and socio-economic tension in these conditions.

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