scholarly journals Population challenges from the gender perspective

2010 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Ankica Sobot
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Demographic Processes

In this paper, population challenges are recognized from the perspective of various demographic structures of the male and female population. The larger scope of female population in Vojvodina is mainly the result of a more emphasized gender imbalance among the population of 65 or over. There are more unmarried females but more males among the never-married persons. Among the middle-aged population, there are more women with higher education, but they are also economically independent to a greater extent than the male population. Gender equality is a challenge as a factor of demographic processes and as an aspect of policies directed towards the population, but adequate responses for demographic development and social care of the population are implied by both male and female positions. By comparative approach, the characteristics of gender positions and differences in Vojvodina are noted, as well as the space for promoting positions of sexes and mitigation of the gender gap. The necessity for a deeper socio-demographic analysis and empirical research of gender differences as a relevant population challenge are also noted. .

scholarly journals LITERATE LIFE EXPECTANCY AND ITS GENDER DIFFERENTIALS IN OMAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
M. Mazharul Islam ◽  
Md. Hasinur Rahaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Gender Differentials

Measuring human quality and well-being by the human development index (HDI) is very challenging as it is a composite index of many socio-economic variables. However, a simple index called literate life expectancy (LLE) by combining life expectancy and literacy only can be used as an alternative measure, which is less data intensive than HDI. LLE is the average life expectancy that a person lives under literate state. Length of life in literate state has many positive implications on social, economic and political aspects of life. In this paper an attempt has been made to construct LLE for Omani population with its gender differentials. The data for the study were extracted from the 2015 Statistical Year Book and the 2010 Population and Census report of Oman published by the National Centre for Statistics & Information. Despite socioeconomic progress, levels of education among women in Oman are not the same as men. The analysis shows the remarkable differences in the LLE between men and women for almost all age groups. The Omani female population is much lag behind in literate life expectancy than the Omani male population. The results underscore the need to take necessary steps for reducing gender gap in LLE in Oman.  

scholarly journals Determinants and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects Attending the General Outpatient Department of the Federal Medical Centre Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
M. K. Atiku ◽  
M. A. Wudil ◽  
K. I. Matazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
North West

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a term that describe the presence of conditions that increase an individual risk for heart disease and other disorders such as diabetes and stroke, and its occurrence is in the rise in residents of North-Western Nigeria, The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in respondents from Katsina senatorial zone attending the Out-patient Department of the Federal Medical Center Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of 211 (male 109; female 102) respondents aged 10 to 80 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure of respondents were determined using standard methods; serum lipid profile was determined using enzymatic methods. From the results, 11.8% of the male respondents were under weight, 51.6% were within the normal range, 25.4% of the study male population was found to be overweight and 12.8% were obese. 13.5% of the female respondents were under weight, 51.9% were within the normal range, 22.8% of the study female population was found to be overweight and 13.1% were obese. All serum lipids measurements with the exception of serum LDL-C concentration correlated positively with age. There were no statistically significant differences between the frequencies of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TRIG between the male and female respondents. The most common form of Dyslipidemia in the male and female respondents is low HDL-C. BMI, SBP, LDL-C, HDLC and TRIG were associated metabolic syndrome with the association being significant for SBP and HDL-C (0.05; 0.03) in the male respondent, in the female respondents BMI, SBP, DBP, LDL-C and TRIG were associated metabolic syndrome with the association being significant for SBP, DBP, and TRIG (0.04; 0.04; 0.04) respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was highest in male (31.75%) than in the female respondents (28.33).The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is common in the population under study with the male respondents having the highest prevalence. A robust and well design intervention program by concerned authorities is desirable to address complications of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the population.

Indistinguishable patterns of recombination resulting from male and female meioses in Brassica napus (oilseed rape)

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Kelly ◽  
A. G. Sharpe ◽  
J. H. Nixon ◽  
D. J. Lydiate ◽  
E. J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Genome Map ◽  
Backcross Populations

An F1 individual derived from a cross between two distinct lines of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was used to produce a pair of complementary backcross populations, each consisting of 90 individuals. The F1 donated male gametes to the Male population and female gametes to the Female population. Genetic maps were generated from both populations and aligned using 117 common loci to form an integrated genome map of B. napus with 243 RFLP-defined loci. A comparison of the frequency and distribution of crossovers in the two populations of F1 gametes (assayed in the Male and Female populations) detected no differences. The genetic maps derived from the Male and Female populations each consisted of 19 linkage groups spanning 1544 and 1577 cM, respectively. The maps were aligned with other B. napus maps, and all 19 equivalent linkage groups were unambiguously assigned. The genetic size and general organisation of the new maps were comparable with those of pre-existing B. napus maps in most respects, except that the levels of polymorphism in the constituent A and C genomes were unusually similar in the new cross.Key words: genetic linkage map, sex differences, recombination frequency, segregation distortion.

scholarly journals Three demographic consequences of gender-specific behavior pattern: The case of Serbia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-109
Author(s):  
Ankica Sobot
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Male Population ◽  
And Gender

The focus point in this paper referes to three issues of demographic development in Serbia presented from the gender perspective. Feminization, mortality in men and low reproductive norms are analyzed as effects of relevant behavior of both sexes. This choice is the result of earlier analyses of gender socio-demographic characteristics as well as the researches of demographic phenomena from the perspective of gender roles and gender relations. The gender aspect, as a cognitive concept, implies the importance of the female and male behavior pattern in understanding demographic structures, processes and phenomena. The theoretical foundation was found in the anthropological character of contemporary demography which focuses on the individual?s behavior in the context of interactive relations with the concrete environment. In the context of a complex deterministic basis and interactive connection of various factors, gender roles and gender relations represent a relative segment of social dimension of various demographic issues. Feminization of the middle-aged and older population emphasizes the importance of female perspective, taking into consideration space diversity. Feminization is most intensive in Belgrade. Among the middle-aged women there is a higher proportion of tertiary educated and divorced, and less share of the economically independent, in relation to the remaining region of Central Serbia. As regards older women, irrespective of spatial distribution, widowhood, unfavorable education characteristics, lower economic activity and greater economic dependency are important matters. The issue of retirement has specific importance, and should be solved in the context of educated and socio-professional characteristics of women, in order to promote their social position and gender equality. A shorter life span of the male population requires recognizing specific mortality factors of the middle-aged and older males, in order to eliminate the gender gap in this view. Greater mortality rate in men implies diversity of factors and characteristics of concrete social context. Part of the response lies in their greater exposure to risky behavior. Apart from that, the importance of socio-psychological factors has been recognized, which includes the prevailing concept of gender roles and gender relations. The asymmetric division of activities and obligations regarding parenthood represents an increasingly important determinant of low reproductive norms. Empirical research confirms the prevailing realization of motherhood in everyday parent activities and in the responsibility for raising and upbringing children. Sweden is an example of a country in which the above average European fertility rates correspond with a more equal division of parenting roles, whereby the support for coordinating parenthood and the profession is orientated both towards mothers and fathers equally. A gender sensible approach in solving demographic matters implies recognizing the position and status of both sexes and acknowledging the gender relations as a relevant factor. The analyzed issues are not specific only to the demographic development of Serbia. Nevertheless, their solving implies confronting cultural norms, achieved degrees of economic and social development, as well as building necessary institutional mechanisms.

scholarly journals Demographics of the Sami population of Kolsky Uyezd in the late XVIII century (based on the statistical report of 1764)

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Daria Aleksandrovna Chaplygina
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Statistical Report ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The selected topic is at the intersection of such relevant trends of historical science as the history of popular sources, history of demographic processes of the Russian population, and regional history. The appeal to statistical data allows revealing various socioeconomic and demographic indicators, for example: the size and structure of the population, displacement of population, gender and age composition, matrimonial relations, as well as the regional peculiarities of demographic development. The subject of this research is the demographics of the Sami people of Kolksy Uyezd in the late XVIII century. The object of this research is the statistical report of 1764 compiled by order of the governor of Arkhangelsk E. A. Golovtsyn. The history of the Russian North overall and Kolsky Uyezd in particular is studied nonuniformily. The novelty of this article lies in the fact that in the Russian historiography there are no special research dedicated to the demographics of Kolsky Uyezd of that period. The statistical report of 1764 was introduced into the scientific discourse by S. A. Nikonov a short while ago. By giving a more detailed perspective on the subject matter, it draws interest in comparison with other sources used for studying the historical demographics of the region. The following conclusions were made: the main social institutions of the Sami people in the late XVIII century were “pogost” and “vezha”; vezha represented a collective that consisted of four or more families that usually were not blood-related; unlike other sources, statistical report of 1764 has records on the growing male population of the Sami population of Kolsky Uyezd; lineal consanguinity was a prevalent type of family, which included two generations.

scholarly journals Theoretical and practical consequences of imbalance in the coefficient of male and female population in modern Russia: impact of the factor of ratio of genders in the region upon individual level of financial wellbeing

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Olga Vladimirovna Semenova ◽  
Marina L'vovna Butovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Parental Investments

This article presents a brief overview of the modern concept of gender selection and theory of parental investments, according to which the ration of genders in society manifests as a key forecaster of the level of polygyny on the marital market. The theory predicts that in shifting of the models of marital behavior from monogamous and polygamous, the level of matrimonial investment can decrease. The authors suggest that such targeted decrease of resources in the regions with low coefficient of genders can exert negative impact on the economic parameters of household in these regions. This research provides quantitative assessment of subjective satisfaction with financial position of the members of households in populated areas (N=10385) with various levels of coefficient of genders. The statistical analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS software with application of the following methods: Pearson's χ2 criterion, Goodman and Kruskal's gamma (γ) criterion, and dispersion analysis. The acquired results confirm the presence of positive interconnection between the level of coefficient of genders in the region and financial wellbeing households. It was determined that in the regions of the Russian Federation with equal ration of male and female population, as well as in regions with predominant male population, the subjective assessment of own financial wellbeing was higher among both, men and women. The factor of sustained imbalance in the ratio of genders represents one of the relevant questions of Russian demography, but this phenomenon is rarely taken into consideration in quantitative research within social sciences.

scholarly journals SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Shuaib Ansari ◽  
Irfan Murtaza Shahwani ◽  
Zeeshan Ali ◽  
Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah ◽  
Faisal Shahab
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a generalized disorder,immune response to infection which results in disturbed microcirculation, visceral perfusion andultimately visceral failure. Objectives: To determine the frequency of systemic inflammatoryresponse syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis. Design: Cross sectional descriptive.Period: Six months study. Setting: At Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Patients andmethods: All the patients with liver cirrhosis for 06 months duration admitted in the ward werefurther evaluated for systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The data was analyzed inSPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated. Results: During six months studyperiod, total 100 cirrhotic subjects were studied for SIRS. The mean ± SD for age in all (100)cirrhotic patients was 45.74 ± 7.537. The mean temperatures was 40.42±0.32 where as it was39.72±0.43 and 38.92±0.11 in male and female population respectively. The mean heart beatwas 128.42±6.74 where as it was 115.83±8.93 and 120.62±5.53 in male and female populationrespectively. The mean respiratory rate was 25.31±3.52 where as it was 23.52±2.31 and26.63±3.21 in male and female population respectively. The mean white blood cell count was28.81±4.51 where as it was 23.74±4.73 and 30.83±5.73 respectively. The SIRS was observedin 70% subjects of which 47(67.1%) were males and 23(32.9%) were females (p=0.04). Majorityof SIRS subjects were 30-39 years of age and male population was predominant (p=0.03). Thegender distribution in relation to severity of liver disease was statistically significant (p=0.05)while the SIRS in relation statical analysis. Conclusions: The systemic inflammatory responsesyndrome occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Marriage postponement with male population in the Republic of Serbia

2018 ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Marija Mucic ◽  
Mirjana Devedzic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Urban Model ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Republic

Postponement of the first marriage is most often associated with postponement of births and decline of fertility, and in research, almost as a rule, the focus is put on female population. Postponement of marriage is characteristic for both sexes, and the aim of this paper is to perceive this phenomenon from the ?male angle?. The focus of the analysis is put on the male population of two age groups, 35 to 49 and 40 to 49 years that never married. The prevalence of the phenomenon of postponement of first marriage among the male population is explored, the rural-urban model is determined and compared with the characteristics of this phenomenon of the opposite sex. The 2011 Census data at the level of NUTS2 regions was analysed. The results show that there is a gender-different rural-urban model of marriage postponement. The shares of unmarried women are higher in urban than in rural areas, while this pattern is reversed in the male population.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mortality by Gender and Regions in Tanzania using Direct Standardized Death Rates (DSDR) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shadrack E. Kibona ◽  
Christopher H. Mbotwa
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Direct Standardization ◽  
Better Than

Background: Comparison of mortality is very useful in assessing population health. Crude rates can easily be computed from the mortality but they are not good for comparison across groups of the population. The aim of this paper was to compare mortality in Tanzania by region and gender using the 2012 Tanzania Population and Housing Census. Methods: Age-specific death rates for regions, Tanzania Mainland, Tanzania Zanzibar and entire Tanzania were obtained from Mortality and Health monograph data downloadable from the National Bureau of Statistics website. The direct standardization method was used to compare the mortality for male and female populations across all regions of Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar. Results: Findings show that the mortality is low in Arusha, Manyara, and Kilimanjaro compared to other regions in Tanzania mainland implying that health status for both male and female population in those regions is better than the other regions while it is the worst in Njombe, Iringa, and Kagera implying the poor health status for those regions as compared to the rest regions in Tanzania Mainland. In Tanzania Zanzibar, high mortality was observed in Kusini Unguja and the lowest in Kaskazini Unguja for both male and female populations. By national wise and for almost all regions, the mortality for the male population is higher than that for the female population. Conclusion: Direct standardization methods can save as the best way for comparing mortality because it takes into consideration both the population at risk and the age structure. However, in estimating mortality, crude death rates should be used to give the magnitude while direct standardized death rates should be used for comparison purposes.

The demographic development of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the modern world

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-779
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Special Information ◽  
Health Organization

Subject. This study focuses on the Finno-Ugric peoples carrying unique cultural customs and traditions. Objectives. I evaluate how various factors influence the demographic development of the Finno-Ugric peoples. Methods. Analyzing the current situation, I refer to official statistics and the Health for All database of the World Health Organization, statistical yearbooks of the Russian State Statistics Service. All data were organized as a special information system including several related blocks, such as economic development of locations, demographic situation, health and healthcare. Research was based on the comparative analysis of key medical-demographic and socio-economic indicators, and economic-mathematical apparatus. Results. I comprehensively evaluated the current situation macro- and mesoeconomically by gradually shifting from the comparison of countries to regional trends. I traced patterns of medical and demographic processes in the Finno-Ugric countries, such as Hungary, Finland and Estonia, and national autonomies across Russia. Conclusions and Relevance. I discovered that there is a certain relationship between a man and environment that translate into physical and physical health of people. They should be taken into consideration when outlining demographic development programs. The findings can be used to prepare regional medical and demographic documents, including the prevention of suicidal behavior and alcoholism and general medical services.

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