scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from Children with Diarrhea in Nairobi City, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kilongosi Webale ◽  
Bernard Guyah ◽  
Christine Wanjala ◽  
Peter Lokamar Nyanga ◽  
Sella K. Webale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Stool Samples

BACKGROUND፡ The marked genome plasticity of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli promotes emergence of pathotypes displaying unique phenotypic and genotypic resistance. This study examined phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes among children in Nairobi City, Kenya.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes were isolated from stool samples and their phenotypic and genotypic resistance against eight antimicrobial agents assayed.RESULTS: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was detected in 136(36.4%) children. Most of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli that were resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline, harbored citm, bla CMY, aadA1, aac(3)-IV, qnr, catA, ere(A) and tet(A) corresponding resistant genes.CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial-resistant genes are highly prevalent among phenotypic resistant ETEC pathotypes indicating a possibility of horizontal gene transfer in spreading antibiotic resistant genes among E. coli pathotypes.

scholarly journals Evolution of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
Pankaj Singh ◽  
Sharda C. Metgud ◽  
Subarna Roy ◽  
Shashank Purwar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Heat Stable

Abstract CONTEXT: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in developing countries. On the basis of virulence and phenotypic characteristics, the DEC is categorized into multiple pathotypes. Each pathotype has different pathogenesis and geographical distribution. Thus, the proper management of disease relies on rapid and accurate identification of DEC pathotypes. AIMS: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of DEC pathotypes in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2008 and December 2012 at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belgaum (Karnataka), India. A total of 300 stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients with age >3 months. The DEC was identified by both conventional and molecular methods. RESULTS: Of 300 samples, E. coli were detected in 198 (66%) and 170 (56.6%) samples by culture and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Among DEC (n = 198) isolates, eae gene (59.5%) was the most prevalent followed by stx (27.7%), east (27.2%), elt (12.6%), est (10.6%), ipaH (5.5%), and eagg (1.5%) genes. On the basis of virulence genes, enteropathogenic E. coli (33.8%) was the most common pathotype followed by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC, 23.2%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC, 13.6%), enteroinvasive E. coli (5.5%), enteroaggregative heat-stable enterotoxin 1-harboring E. coli (EAST1EC, 4.5%), STEC/ETEC (3.5%), STEC/enteroaggregative E. coli (STEC/EAEC, 1.0%), and EAEC (0.05%). CONCLUSIONS: The hybrid DEC is potentially more virulent than basic pathotypes. The pathotyping should be included in clinical settings for the proper management of DEC-associated diarrhea.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Hospitals of Qazvin, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
Narges Habibollah-Pourzereshki ◽  
Amir Peymani ◽  
Fatemeh Keshavarz-Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Introduction: Escherichia coli is one of the most important agents involved in healthcare-associated infection, and resistance to quantum ammonium compounds (QACs) has become a major challenge for infection control practitioners. The aim of the current study was to determine the frequency of qacE and qacEΔ1 genes in E. coli isolated from hospitalized patients in Qazvin, Iran. Material and Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, 102 E. coli were collected from hospitals of Qazvin. All bacterial isolates were identified using standard laboratory methods and the antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by Kirby-Baer test. The presence of qacE and qacEΔ1 genes was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: In this study, 65 (63.7%) isolates showed a multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern which was resistant to at least three classes of antimicrobials including ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. The highest rates of resistance were observed against cefotaxime (75.5%) and nalidixic acid (66.7%). The PCR showed that 5 (4.9%) isolates harbored qacE gene, 62 (60.8%) isolates qacEΔ1, and 10 (9.8%) isolates carried both genes, simultaneously. There was a significant relationship between the QACs resistance and MDR pattern (P=0.03). Conclusion: This study indicated a significant resistance rate against disinfectant compounds in the studied hospitals. However, more attention should be paid to this critical issue in the infection control committees of the hospitals.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Colonization in Neonates: Prevalence, Perinatal Transmission, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factors

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Tamelienė ◽  
Eglė Barčaitė ◽  
Dalia Stonienė ◽  
Jūratė Buinauskienė ◽  
Eglė Markūnienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coli is one of the leading causes of early-onset neonatal sepsis in many industrialized countries. However, there is a lack of studies on Escherichia coli colonization in women and neonates. The study aimed at determining the prevalence Escherichia coli among pregnant women and newborns, perinatal transmission, antimicrobial susceptibility, and risk factors for neonatal colonization. Material and Methods. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 827 infants born to 808 mothers were enrolled. The study was carried out from October 1, 2006, to June 30, 2007. Women were screened for E. coli carriage at 35–37 weeks of gestation or on admission for premature rupture of membranes and delivery; neonates, within 15 minutes of their lives. Risk factors for colonization were collected by a questionnaire and were recorded during labor. Results. Maternal E. coli colonization rate was 19.9%; neonatal, 14.4%; and transmission rate, 21.4%. Less than one-fourth (22.7%) of neonatal E. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin. Logistic regression analysis revealed that anal sexual intercourse (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.87–8.19), one sexual partner (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.30–3.11), maternal vaginal Escherichia coli colonization (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.12–2.93), maternal body mass index of ≤27 (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.15–2.73), and maternal education lower than university level (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.06–2.74) were associated with neonatal Escherichia coli colonization. Conclusions. The prevalence of maternal Escherichia coli colonization was higher in this study than other studies (19.9%). Neonatal Escherichia coli colonization was 14.4%. The resistance of Escherichia coli isolates to ampicillin was not high (22.7%). Improvement of maternal education and modification of mothers’ sexual habits need to be undertaken to prevent neonatal Escherichia coli colonization.

Local characteristics associated with higher prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an observational, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Larramendy ◽  
Aurélie Gaultier ◽  
Jean-Pascal Fournier ◽  
Jocelyne Caillon ◽  
Leïla Moret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) has been increasing worldwide since 2000, but with large geographical variations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ESBL-E. coli rate in urine samples from individuals with community-acquired UTI was associated with the local socio-economic, environmental, agricultural and healthcare characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in western France using data on antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI analysed in non-hospital laboratories from 2015 to 2017. The ESBL-E. coli rate was calculated for each laboratory. Data on socio-economic characteristics, human antibiotic consumption, hospital bed density, animal farming density and percentage of agricultural land and surface water were retrieved at the municipality level and aggregated by study area. Their association with ESBL-E. coli prevalence was quantified using multivariate linear regression models with a backward selection. Results From 358 291 E. coli isolates from urine samples tested in 92 laboratories, the mean ESBL-E. coli prevalence for the study period was 3.30%. In an adjusted model, the ESBL-E. coli rate was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively associated with the local percentage of people >65 years old, third-generation cephalosporin use (DDD/1000 inhabitants), number of hospital beds/km2, poultry density, pig density and percentage of agricultural land. Lower deprivation was associated with a higher ESBL-E. coli rate. Conclusions Several anthropogenic factors (primary care, hospitals and animal farming) are associated with the local ESBL-E. coli rate in community-acquired UTI. These results could contribute to improve risk management, including identification of at-risk patient groups.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Children with Acute Diarrhea in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmita Roy ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Kazi Z Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Stool Samples

Objective: Multiplex PCR assay was used for diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in stool samples of children (under 5 years) with acute diarrhea.  Methods: Samples were collected from January 2011 to December 2011, from Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Multiplex PCR with five specific primer pairs to detect enteropathogenic E. coli (eae, bfp), enterotoxigenic E. coli (lt, st) and enteroaggregative E. coli (aat) were used. However, enteroinvasive E. coli, enterohemorrhagicE. coli and diffusely adhererentE. coli were not sought. Result: In total, 135 (67.5%) E. coli were isolated from 200 stool samples. The prevalence of DEC was 68 (34%). Among DEC, most frequently isolated pathotype was EPEC 40 (58.82%), followed by ETEC 24 (35.29%) and EAggEC 18 (26.47%). Among the EPEC, 5 (12.5%) were typical EPEC. Among the 68 DEC positive cases, 22 samples contained more than one pathogenic gene in various combinations. Among the combination of DEC, EPEC+ETEC combination was 6 (27.27%) followed by ETEC+EAggEC 4 (18.18%), EPEC+EAggEC and ETEC+EPEC+EAggEC were both in 3 (13.6%). Conclusion:This study shows that DEC is a common cause of childhood diarrhea in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. By using multiplex PCR assay, DEC can be diagnosed in one PCR reaction that makes a conclusive diagnosis of diarrhea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8576 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 59-66

Incidence of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia Coli in Iraqi Milk Products

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 846-848
Author(s):  
F. M. ABBAR ◽  
H. KH. KADDER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Overall Resistance

The antimicrobial sensitivity of 430 Escherichia coli strains isolated from three types of locally processed Iraqi milk products was determined. Four hundred and one (93.2%) isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, and only 29 (6.7%) isolates were sensitive to all 12 agents tested. The incidence of resistant E. coli was 95.5%, 90.4% and 84.4% in isolates from cheese, kishfa, and gaymer, respectively. There was no significant difference in resistance among E. coli strains from various milk products. Overall, resistance to penicillin (92.3%), erythromycin (75.8%), cephaloridine (71.9%), ampicillin (57.7%), and tetracycline (37%) was most frequent, whereas isolates were least resistant to kanamycin (7.2%), chloramphenicol (8.1%), nalidixic acid (8.6%), gentamycin (9%), streptomycin (12.5%), trimethoprim (14%), and colistin (18%). The predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was penicillin, ampicillin, cephaloridine, and erythromycin detected in 77 (18%). The high resistance of E. coli strains isolated from product samples was suggestive of misuse of these drugs in Iraq.

Detection of cytolethal distending toxin and other virulent factors in Escherichia coli samples from animal livestock, retail foods and gastroenteritis human cases in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Morales Gómez ◽  
Nilda N. Valenzuela ◽  
Kenlyn E. Peters ◽  
Ahmed Salem ◽  
Ali Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Retail Food

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a heterotrimeric AB-type genotoxin produced by several clinically important bacterial pathogens. To better understand the risk of CDT within the food supply and human gastroenteritis patients in Qatar, we investigated the frequency of the CDT gene (cdtB) among Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains recovered from food products, animal livestock, and human gastroenteritis patients. In this cross-sectional study, E. coli isolates were screened for cdtB using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). cdtB positive strains were further examined for E. coli cdtB gene types (cdt I, cdt II, cdt III, cdt IV and cdtV), serotypes O157: H7, and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145. Screening for other virulent factors, stx (Shiga toxin gene) and eae (gene that encodes intimin) genes were also performed. The cdtB gene was detected in E. coli isolates sourced from all three groups; animal livestock (17%), retail foods (8%), and human gastroenteritis patients (3%). Although the incidence of cdtB gene harboring E. coli is relatively low among gastroenteritis patients, there is still a risk of infection from animal reservoirs as well as retail food products. Among the three groups, E. coli isolates from humans had the lowest occurrence of cdtB, stx, eae, and O157: H7. Furthermore, we advise implementing monitoring at the food production and preparation level.

Absence of Direct Association between Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Irrigation Water and on Produce

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAYEON WON ◽  
PAMELA J. SCHLEGEL ◽  
JENNIFER M. SCHROCK ◽  
JEFFREY T. LeJEUNE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Cross

Irrigation water is considered a potential source of preharvest pathogen contamination of vegetables. Hence, several organizations have recommended microbiological standards for water used to irrigate edible plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of association between microbial quality indicators (coliforms and Escherichia coli) in irrigation water and on irrigated vegetables. Data analyzed included original results from a cross-sectional study conducted in the Midwestern United States during summer 2009 and information presented in two previously published studies performed in France and Portugal to investigate microbial quality of irrigation water and watered produce. In the cross-sectional study, repetitive PCR (rep-PCR) was used to characterize genetic relatedness of E. coli isolates from water and vegetables. No significant correlations were found between fecal indicators on leafy greens (lettuce and parsley, n = 91) or fruit (tomatoes and green peppers, n = 22) and those found in irrigation water used in the cross-sectional study (P > 0.40) or in the previously published data sets (data set 1: lettuce and waste irrigation water, n = 15, P > 0.40; data set 2: lettuce and irrigation water, n = 32, P = 0.06). Rep-PCR banding patterns of E. coli strains were all distinguishable among the pairs of E. coli isolates recovered from produce and irrigation water on the same farm. From the available data, the concentration of indicator organisms based on a single measure of irrigation water quality was not associated with the presence of these indicators on produce. In the absence of additional information, the use of a single microbial water quality parameter as an indicator of produce safety is of limited value for predicting the safety of the produce.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document