scholarly journals Production and characterization of biodiesel and glycerine pellet from macroalgae strain: Cladophora glomerata

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
D. Firemichael ◽  
A. Hussen ◽  
W. Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Cladophora Glomerata ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Algae Oil ◽  
European Standards

Biodiesel was prepared by extracting oil from Cladophora glomerata green algae followed by transesterification of the oil using NaOH as a catalyst. The algae Oil extraction was carried out using two different techniques (Soxhlet and refluxing) and similar oil yield was obtained (23-24%). The resulting biodiesel showed desirable physical and chemical properties. Specific gravity, acid value, iodine value, ash content and calorific value of the algae biodiesel were within the specification of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and European Standards (EN). The analysis of fatty acid methyl ester composition revealed, 63, 27 and 10% for 9-octadecodenoic, hexadeconic and octadeconoic acid methyl ester, respectively. From the production line, two waste streams (glycerol and residual biomass) were combined to form a glycerine pellet. The measured energy content of the glycerine pellet was found to be comparable with firewood. Therefore, C. glomerata could potentially be utilized for the production of both biodiesel and glycerine pellet with no net waste in the transesterification process.                     KEY WORDS: Algae oil, Biodiesel, Transesterification, Glycerine pellet, Macroalgae, Cladophora glomerata   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(2), 249-258 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i2.4

scholarly journals Investigation of the Chemical Composition, Characterization and Determination of Energy Content for Renewable Energy Source (Biodiesel) Produced from Non-Edible Ethiopian Seeds’ Particularly Castor Seed (Ricinus communis) Using Homogeneous Catalysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegay Hiwot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Castor Seed ◽  
Acid Methyl

Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine. It provides a feasible solution to the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. It is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats by trans-esterification. Although this fuel has gained worldwide recognition for many years, it is not being widely commercialized like petroleum diesel in the world, not widely produced and used especially in our country Ethiopia. Analysis of fatty acid methyl ester composition of the biodiesel produced from castor oil was done with the help of GC-MS and 8 fatty acid methyl esters were identified. Acid and base catalyzed methods were used in the synthesis of biodiesel from castor seed oil. In addition to this the variables that affect the amount of methyl ester yield were determined and an optimum of 96.7 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion was obtained at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1.0 % mass NaOH, 65 °C reaction temperature and 3 hour reaction time. The energy content of the oil and biodiesel were 39 MJ/Kg and 40.7 MJ/ Kg respectively which is determined by bomb calorimeter. Other physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined and all these lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards except kinematic viscosity. Therefore, castor seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative energy resource in diesel engine by blending with petroleum diesel.

Gas Turbines in Alternative Fuel Applications: Biodiesel Field Test

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Molie`re ◽  
Elvio Panarotto ◽  
Maher Aboujaib ◽  
Jean Michel Bisseaud ◽  
Anthony Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester

As fuel candidates for power generation are mushrooming worldwide, there is presently a surge of interest around liquid biofuels that form a large and contrasting family. Among biofuels, biodiesels are natural candidates due to their compatibility with gasoil and their increasing use in the transportation sector. While biodiesels are similar to gasoils in terms of physical data, both their chemical properties and combustion behavior can be markedly different. In the framework of a development program devoted to biofuels and in collaboration with the Swiss power producer Groupe E, GE Energy has carried out a preliminary characterization of the combustion and emissions of a FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) at the Cornaux power plant, canton of Neuchaˆtel. This Field Test has been performed in a Frame 6B equipped with standard combustors and involved both a pure FAME consisting of RME (rapeseed methyl ester) and FAME co-fired with natural gas.

scholarly journals Purification and Valorization of Waste Cotton Seed Oil as an Alternative Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djomdi ◽  
M. T. Leku ◽  
D. Djoulde ◽  
C. Delattre ◽  
P. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Activated Coal ◽  
Cotton Seed Oil

This article is focused on the production of biodiesel from the waste cotton seed oil (WCSO), after purification, as an alternative to fossil fuels. Waste oil was collected from Sodecoton, a factory producing cotton seed oil in the Far North Cameroon. The WCSO was subjected to purification using activated coal, followed by transesterification under basic conditions (potassium hydroxide (KOH)), using methanol and ethanol. Some physico–chemical properties of biodiesel, such as absorbance of waste and purified oil, density, viscosity, water content, acid value, and its energy content were determined. The result of treating the WCSO with activated coal indicated that purification efficiency of activated coal increased with the contact time and the mass of the absorbent. Absorbance results directly proved that activated coal removed unwanted components. In the same way, activated coal concentration and exposure time influenced the level of free fatty acids of WCSO. The yield of methyl ester was 97%, while that of ethyl ester was 98%. The specific gravity at 25 °C was 0.945 ± 0.0601. An evaluation of the lower calorific value (PCI) was done in order to study the energy content of biodiesel. This was found to be a value of 37.02 ± 3.05 MJ/kg for methyl ester and 36.92 ± 7.20 MJ/kg for ethyl ester. WCSO constitutes feedstock for high volume, good quality, and sustainable production of biodiesel, as well as a realistic means of eliminating the pollution resulting from the indiscriminate disposal of waste oils from both household and industrial users.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production From Sardine Flour Used Cooking Oil Using One Step Transesterification Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Atmiral Ernes ◽  
Poppy Diana Sari ◽  
Rukmi Sari Hartati ◽  
I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
One Step ◽  
Fried Oil

Diesel oil demand as energy source at industrial, transportation and electric generating sector are increasing and it resulted with the decreasing of fossil energy source backup. Biodiesel as an alternative energy source to substitute diesel oil can be utilized from used fried oil of sardine flour. The purpose of this research was to develop the technology to convert used fried oil of sardine flour to become biodiesel using one step trans-esterification technic as an alternative of renewable energy source and also to utilize waste of used oil. Biodiesel made using one step trans-esterification technic with NaOH catalyst concentration 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 (% m/m) from total weight of oil and methanol. Trans-esterification process run for 30, 60 and 90 minutes at 65 temperature. The biodiesel obtained was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The quality was determined by comparing its physicochemical properties and compared to the SNI standard 04-7182-2015. The result of GC-MS showed 10 peaks corresponding to ten methyl ester (biodiesel): octanoic acid methyl ester; decanoic acid methyl ester; dodecanoic methyl ester; tridecanoic acid, 12-methyl-, methyl ester; pentadecanoic acid methyl ester; hexadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, 9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester, trans-13-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester. The biodiesel obtained has a density of 908 kg/m3, viscosity of 3.13 mm2/s, acid value of 0.29 mg-KOH/g found in treatment 1.5% NaOH and time process of 60 minutes. Viscosity and acid value were in a good agreement with SNI standard 04-7182-2015. The research shows that used fried oil of sardine flour has possibility as biodiesel source. Keywords: Biodiesel; sardine flour used cooking oil; trans-esterification

GC-MS analysis and physiochemical properties of Enterolobium cyclocarpum (elephant ear) seed oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Opeyemi N. Avoseh ◽  
Zacheus M. Akinpelu ◽  
Olawale L. Osifeko ◽  
Folajimi T. Arubuola ◽  
Fanyana M. Mtunzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Enterolobium Cyclocarpum

Background: The present study aimed to extract, evaluate the physicochemical properties, and chemical characterization of the seed Enterolobium cyclocarpum. E. cyclocarpum is a legume of the Leguminosae family. It is used as foliage, for animal feeding and oil is extracted for several application in folk medicine for the treatment of sore throat, colds, diarrhea, headache, intestinal ailments, and stomachache. The leaf infusion is used as a laxative In the West Indies; seeds are chewed for a sore throat. Methods: Three hundred grams (300 g) of each of the pulverized samples were extracted with 100% hexane using Soxhlet extractor to produce a light-brown oil of low viscosity. The physicochemical properties of the oil were analyzed using AOAC standard methods, while the oil components were characterized on an HP-5MS column Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The yield of the oil is very low (only 4.11 % by weight), Fatty acid composition showed that undecanoic acid methyl ester (36.68%) was the dominant fatty acid, followed by 3-linoleic acid (25.04%), and 2-linolelaidic acid methyl ester (12.98%). Physicochemical properties of themed oil were moisture content (0.85%); refractive index (25oC), 1.45; Specific gravity, 0.86±0.02; iodine value, 68.55±0.02/100 g of oil; peroxide value, 6.58±0.03 meq. O2/kg of oil; free fatty acids, 2.63±0.01 mg of KOH/g of oil; acid value, 5.26±0.02 mg of KOH/g of oil; saponification value, 189.00±0.03; Unsaponifiable value, 0.66±0.01%. Conclusion: This study has shown that the seed oil of E. cyclocarpum displayed properties and constituents as a substitute oil for industrial, pharmaceutical, and domestic applications.

Investigating the Role of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Composition on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jeeva ◽  
C.R. Rajashekar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Fame Composition

This experimental study is focused on the significance of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) composition for usage of biodiesel in diesel engines. Karanja Oil Methyl Esters (KOME) from two different feed stocks were selected for the study. FAME composition was analysed by gas chromatography and physical, chemical properties were evaluated. KOME 30% blends with diesel were analysed for performance and Emission characteristics. The present work predicted that H30 sample 1 with higher unsaturation has resulted in higher peak pressure, higher NOx emissions, as compared to H30 sample 2 with lower unsaturation fatty acid methyl ester composition.

Synthesis of Biodisiel from Used Cooking Oils Catalyzed by Solid Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zai Cheng ◽  
Su Su Lin ◽  
Rui Lei ◽  
Xiao Chao Yan ◽  
Yu Jing Nie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Cooking Oils

The synthesis of biodiesel expressed as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were studied to achieve an economic and practical method for utilization of used cooking oil (UCO). UCO samples with the acid value of more than 80 mgKOH/g mixed with methanol were heterogeneously catalyzed by solid aminosulfonic acid under some conditions . The conversion of UCO into FAME was 86.0% at the reaction time of 2 hours, mole ratio of methanol to UCO of 5:1, showing much higher catalyzed activity of solid aminosulfonic acid. the samples of FAME prepared from UCO was analyzed by GC/MS and the results showes that the majority of biodiesel has fatty acid methyl esters of carbon lengths from C14–C24, with an average of C18 methyl ester.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document