scholarly journals Book Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 572-574
Author(s):  
Andreja Žibrat Gašparič
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Clay Materials

Chris Doherty’s study focuses on the role of clay in the development of Çatalhöyük, the famous and largest Neolithic settlement in the Konya Plain in central Anatolia. The author offers a holistic approach to understand the interrelationship between all clay materials used at the site and the landscape. Çatalhöyük lies on the clay-rich bed of the former Pleistocene Lake Konya, which lacked local sources of stone, and this makes its position interesting as clay plays a dual role here, i.e. as the main landscape component and a raw material for different types of material culture at the site. The book is divided into 10 chapters and is supported with many illustrative figures and tables.

A true gift of mother earth: the use and significance of obsidian at Çatalhöyük

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Carter
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Raw Material Variability ◽  
Mother Earth

AbstractThis paper reviews 50 years of obsidian studies at Neolithic Çatalhöyük in the Konya plain, central Anatolia. A number of key issues are addressed: (1) the source of the site's raw materials, the means and forms by which the obsidian was introduced to the site and the role of Çatalhöyük in the supra-regional dissemination of these raw materials; (2) the alleged gender associations of certain obsidian goods in the burial record and beyond; (3) a more general consideration of the social significance of the circulation and consumption of obsidian at the site, including the phenomena of hoarding and gifting, plus the important role of projectiles in the creation of social identities and various forms of ritual behaviour, not least the termination of the life of a building/individual; (4) the technotypological and raw material variability through time; (5) the use of obsidian in daily practice and craft-working.

Pots on mats: mat-impressed salt-extraction pottery at Chalcolithic Provadia-Solnitsata, Bulgaria

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mila Andonova ◽  
Vassil Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Late Chalcolithic ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence for both basket weaving and salt production is often elusive in the prehistoric archaeological record. An assemblage of Middle–Late Chalcolithic pottery from Provadia-Solnitsata in Bulgaria provides insight into these two different technologies and the relationship between them. The authors analyse sherds from vessels used in large-scale salt production, the bases of which bear the impression of woven mats. This analysis reveals the possible raw materials used in mat weaving at Provadia-Solnitsata and allows interpretation of the role of these mats in salt production at the site. The results illustrate how it is possible to see the ‘invisible’ material culture of prehistoric south-eastern Europe and its importance for production and consumption.

scholarly journals Book review: The prehistoric apprentice: Investigating apprenticeship, know-how and expertise in prehistoric technologies; L’apprenti préhistorique: Appréhender l’apprentissage, les savoir-faire et l’expertise à travers les productions techniques des soci

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manek Kolhatkar
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Technological Organization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
French And English ◽  
Culture Variability

Describing cultural change and variability and inferring sociocultural dynamics about past people and communities may be among archaeology’s main goals as a field of practice. In this regard, the concept of skill has proved its usefulness to, time and again, expand the breath of archaeologists and lithic technologists’ analyses. It covers a wide range of applications, from apprenticeship, cognition, paleo-sociology, spatial organization. It is one of the main causes for material culture variability, up there with raw material constraints, design, technological organization or cultural norms. Yet, while skill has certainly been the focus of some research in the last decades, it remains quite peripheral, when considering how central the concept should be to technological inquiries. Whatever the reasons may be, this book, edited by Laurent Klaric and fully bilingual (French and English), aims at changing that, and argues for skill to become a central concern in lithic technology. Its chapters do so strongly and the end-result is a book that should become a reference for lithic technologists, whatever their research interests or schools of thought may be.

scholarly journals Sacred Kingship and Political Power in Ancient Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Raphael Nkaka ◽  
Charles Kabwete Mulinda
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Royal Ideology

This article revisits the sacred kingship in ancient Rwanda. The existing literature presented it as either obvious or doubtful. Using local sources and exploring theories related to sacred kingship, we argue that the kingship in Rwanda was sacred. We also identify the role that this sacred kingship played in the processes of unification the territory of Rwanda, creation of material culture, origins and consolidation of the kingship and the kingdom. The most important role of the sacred kingship appears to have been mainly the legitimization of the King’s power. We use documentary research and the historical method to present and discuss the following narratives related to the Rwandan kingdom: the tale of origins or the myth of Kigwa, the royal ideology during the reign of Mibambwe III Sentabyo, Gihanga seen as the Incarnation of the Sacred Kingship, the sacrality of Power as source of legitimacy of King Ruganzu II Ndori, and the role of the sacred kingdom through the rituals of the royal court known as Ubwiru. Key words: Rwandan sacred kingship, power rituals, Rwandan history

scholarly journals Developing Preschool Education: Promoting and Preventing Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
E.O. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Children's Activities

The article analyzes the conditions that promote and prevent developing preschool education. The concept of "development" and its irreducibility to learning are considered. The necessity of a holistic approach to development, as opposed to the development of subject areas, is emphasized. As a key concept that defines integrity, the concept of “personality” is proposed. It is shown that personality development manifests itself and is carried out primarily in the initiative independent actions of a child. Initiative in different types of children's activities is considered as the main indicator of personal development. As the main form manifestation of initiative, the play is considered. The role of play in personality development and the consequences of its deficiency are discussed. Excessive concern for safety and order in kindergarten groups is also cited as reasons inhibiting the child’s activity. In conclusion, conditions are formulated that promote and impede developing preschool education.

Experimental assessment of rainwater management of a ventilated façade

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Arce Recatala ◽  
Soledad Garcia Morales ◽  
Nathan van den Bossche
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Insulation Layer ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Edge Profile ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ventilated Facade ◽  
Vertical Joint

Façades are not watertight systems in which the exterior surface of the cladding plays the role of the water shedding surface; the air space is the drainage plane; the exterior surface of the thermal insulation layer acts as water-resistive barrier, and the interior layer of the inner leaf is supposed to be the air barrier. The degree of watertightness of ventilated façades relies on the characteristics of the materials used, the geometry of the external cladding element, and edge profile of the joints. Hence, in this article, we extrapolate the laboratory testing to develop a holistic approach on the water management of ventilated façades. The laboratory test showed that 50% of the water deposited to the surface of the wall splashes back, 22% creates a runoff film along the exterior surface of the cladding, 27% infiltrates into the cavity behind the cladding, and <1% reaches the inner layer of the wall. Given these results, the moisture load has been determined for a range of wind-driven rain loads and vertical joint configurations. Such information can be used as input to hygrothermal simulations.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences Between Italian Early Neolithic Groups: The Role of Personal Ornaments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1274-1294
Author(s):  
Roberto Micheli
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The Early Neolithic is an interesting period for observing the changes that took place in material culture and also in the ideology that influenced the production of personal ornaments. Objects of adornment are useful for understanding how past peoples differentiated themselves on the basis of gender, age, or group affiliation. The Early Neolithic in Italy developed throughout the entire sixth millennium cal. BC, during which the first farming communities settled in the Italian peninsula and islands, with diverse Neolithic groups related to wider-ranging cultural spheres. Early Neolithic ornaments were mainly ring bracelets, manufactured beads and perforated shells or teeth. Through their choice and the raw materials used for their production, individuals and groups emphasized their diverse identities based on shared traditions. Focusing on some of the more significant sites, this article considers similarities and differences in forms and raw materials employed for ornaments by different Early Neolithic groups and how these could have been useful attributes to emphasise identities and in particular the membership of particular social or cultural groups.

scholarly journals Basketry as an ecosystem service of wetlands: traditional crafts in central Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. e115
Author(s):  
José Fajardo ◽  
Alonso Verde ◽  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Alejandro Del Moral ◽  
Emilio Laguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

Ecosystem services from wetlands include products such as food, water, fibers, timber, medicinal plants, and genetic resources for agriculture. One of the most abundant supplies is the raw material for basketry. In this study we aim to document the role of wetland plants as resources for basketry and broom-making in the Guadiana river basin and to analyze the local traditional knowledge of the species used in the area. We describe different types of baskets and other artifacts, and document basketry techniques. We found 30 species belonging to 12 families, 18 of them occurring in wetlands, four in irrigated fields, and seven in the adjacent dry territories. Twenty species are used in the manufacture of brooms. Twenty two types of basketry artifacts are described with their uses. The area shows a relevant cultural heritage, not merely as it was in the past, but also adapted to the new cultural and social contexts. The degradation and loss of wetlands in central Spain threatens these ecosystems and their associated cultural heritage. We suggest the declaration of this intangible human heritage as the “Culture of the Mediterranean Wetlands” before it disappears.

scholarly journals The role of object code in the structure of mythological text (straw in Polish mythological legends and folk beliefs about zmora)

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Polina B. Povetkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Object Code ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Special Element ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Different Types

The article is devoted to the study of the relationships of different types of cultural codes in Slavic folk culture, and focuses on object, character, and verbal codes. This problem is considered in the article on the example of straw as a special element of object code in the mythological text about zmora and in the context of its functioning. The article investigates mythological motifs and plots associated with zmora, which include straw; the place of these motifs and plots in the structure of the mythological text about zmora; the problem of their mapping; reflection of traces of folklore notions in which zmora is connected with straw in other folklore genres; different ways to protect yourself against zmora using straw; the functions of straw as an element of material culture, which are related to the problem under study, as well as parallels to the above in the folk culture of other Western Slavs. The article draws conclusions about a significant role of straw in Polish beliefs and legends about zmora. It is also suggested that the repeated mentions of straw in the Polish mythological text about zmora can be considered as related fragments that emerged as a result of the disintegration of a whole mythopoetic folk worldview.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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