scholarly journals New Uruk finds in NW Iran:

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Akbar Abedi ◽  
Reza Heidari ◽  
Salah Salimi ◽  
Nasir Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Northwest Iran ◽  
The One ◽  
Unknown Period

During 2007 archaeological survey of Little Zab River in Sardasht district in northwest Iran, six typical Uruk (Uruk-related) sites were brought to light. One of the important ones is Tepe Badamyar Rabat, with typical Bevelled Rim Bowls pottery that is considered as the first evidence of Uruk materials in northwest Iran. In addition to Rabat, the Uruk materials found in Tepe Baghi, Tepe Waliv, Tepe Molla Yousef, Tepe Lavin and Tepe Goman provide an opportunity for studying the one millennium gap between Hasanlu VIIIA (Pisdeli) and VIIC (Kura-Araxes) in the southern parts of Lake Urmia, which is seen as a key unknown period in the archaeology of NW Iran. The Uruk evidence found in the mentioned sites mainly belongs to the Middle and Late Uruk periods (3600/3500–3100 BC).

scholarly journals New Uruk finds in NW Iran:

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Akbar Abedi ◽  
Reza Heidari ◽  
Salah Salimi ◽  
Nasir Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Northwest Iran ◽  
The One ◽  
Unknown Period

During 2007 archaeological survey of Little Zab River in Sardasht district in northwest Iran, six typical Uruk (Uruk-related) sites were brought to light. One of the important ones is Tepe Badamyar Rabat, with typical Bevelled Rim Bowls pottery that is considered as the first evidence of Uruk materials in northwest Iran. In addition to Rabat, the Uruk materials found in Tepe Baghi, Tepe Waliv, Tepe Molla Yousef, Tepe Lavin and Tepe Goman provide an opportunity for studying the one millennium gap between Hasanlu VIIIA (Pisdeli) and VIIC (Kura-Araxes) in the southern parts of Lake Urmia, which is seen as a key unknown period in the archaeology of NW Iran. The Uruk evidence found in the mentioned sites mainly belongs to the Middle and Late Uruk periods (3600/3500–3100 BC).

Palaeoecological significance of the spores of the liverwort Riella (Riellaceae) in a late Pleistocene long pollen record from the hypersaline Lake Urmia, NW Iran

2008 ◽  
Vol 152 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Djamali ◽  
Harald Kürschner ◽  
Hossein Akhani ◽  
Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu ◽  
Abdolhossein Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Nw Iran

Geochronology and Lu-Hf isotopic study of the granodioritic pulse in the Qaradagh batholith (NW Iran)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vartan Simmonds ◽  
Mohssen Moazzen ◽  
Gültekin Topuz ◽  
Ali Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Isotopic Study ◽  
Quartz Syenite ◽  
Magmatic Source ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
The North ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Depleted Mantle ◽  
Northwest Iran

<p>The Qaradagh batholith in northwest Iran mainly comprises granodioritic rocks, which makes more than 50% of the batholith. This lithology is the first intrusive pulse within this batholith and the oldest Tertiary magmatism in the region, though other younger pulses of granite, diorite, quartz-diorite, syenite, quartz-syenite, monzonite, quartz-monzonite, quartz monzodiorite, monzogranite and gabbro intruded the main body. These magmatic rocks have intruded the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene sedimentary, volcano-sedimentary and igneous rocks.</p><p>The Qaradagh batholith hosts vein-type and some local stock-work type Cu–Au–Mo mineralization, especially in its central parts, while skarn-type deposits have been formed at its contacts with peripheral carbonate rocks. Its extension towards the north into the neighboring south Armenia (which is part of the South Armenian Block) is known as the Meghri–Ordubad pluton (MOP), which hosts several large porphyry Cu–Mo deposits and other precious and base metal mineralizations. U–Pb geochronology on the zircons separated from the granodioritic unit yielded a weighted <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U mean age of 43.81 ± 0.18 (MSWD=1.38) and a Pb*/U concordia age of 44.04 ± 1.00 Ma (MSWD= 24), which correspond to Middle Eocene.</p><p>Since the Qaradagh batholith and especially its earliest magmatic phase are considered as the oldest plutonic event of the Cenozoic age in northwest Iran, thus this investigation testifies to the fact that intrusive activities of Tertiary in this region has commenced in Middle Eocene, contrary to the opinion of the majority of authors who believe that plutonism in this region occurred during Oligocene.</p><p>However, this age is much older than the molybdenite Re–Os ages of quartz-sulfide veins hosted by granodioritic rocks (25.19 ± 0.19 to 31.22 ± 0.28 Ma), indicating that mineralization in this batholith is related to another much younger intrusive phase, and even to several phases, as the published ages of molybdenites from various veins and mineralized zones show a large interval. Comparing the obtained age with those from the MOP in southern Armenia indicate that southern part of the MOP is almost coeval with the emplacement of the granodioritic rocks in Qaradagh batholith.</p><p>The U and Th contents of the zircons range from 17.1 to 1534.0 and from 4.9 to 641.0 ppm, respectively, with Th/U ratios between 0.66 and 5.82 (mean of 1.26), indicating a magmatic source. Meanwhile, the εHf<sub>(t) </sub>values of the zircons range from 8.7 to 11.1 with the mean of 9.5, which are plotted between the CHUR and the Depleted Mantle evolution lines, indicating a juvenile and homogeneous magmatic source and the predominance of mantle-derived magmas with limited crustal assimilation.</p>

scholarly journals A late Pleistocene long pollen record from Lake Urmia, Nw Iran

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (03) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Djamali ◽  
Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu ◽  
Madjid Shah-hosseini ◽  
Valérie Andrieu-Ponel ◽  
Philippe Ponel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Glacial ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Shrub Steppe ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Palynological Study

A palynological study based on two 100-m long cores from Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran provides a vegetation record spanning 200 ka, the longest pollen record for the continental interior of the Near East. During both penultimate and last glaciations, a steppe ofArtemisiaand Poaceae dominated the upland vegetation with a high proportion of Chenopodiaceae in both upland and lowland saline ecosystems. WhileJuniperusand deciduousQuercustrees were extremely rare and restricted to some refugia,Hippophaë rhamnoidesconstituted an important phanerophyte, particularly during the late last glacial period. A pronounced expansion inEphedrashrub-steppe occurred at the end of the penultimate late-glacial period but was followed by extreme aridity that favoured anArtemisiasteppe. Very high lake levels, registered by both pollen and sedimentary markers, occurred during the middle of the last glaciation and late part of the penultimate glaciation. The late-glacial to early Holocene transition is represented by a succession ofHippophaë, Ephedra, Betula, Pistaciaand finallyJuniperusandQuercus. The last interglacial period (Eemian), slightly warmer and moister than the Holocene, was followed by two interstadial phases similar in pattern to those recorded in the marine isotope record and southern European pollen sequences.

Joris van Speilbergen's Journal and a Site in the Huarmey Valley, Peru

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
A Site

AbstractAn illustration of the Huarmey Valley in Joris van Speilbergen's journal from the year 1615 shows a “ruined castle, occupied by our men.” In an archaeological survey conducted by the author, a site was located which is very likely to be the one occupied by van Speilbergen. The site appears to be Chimu or Inca in date on the basis of the plan, the construction of tapia adobe, and the high percentage of reduced-fired ceramics. Despite the small size and relative unimportance of the Huarmey Valley, the site, to judge by the illustration and the existing ruins, was a large and impressive structure of some importance to the Chimu and/or the Inca Empire.

Vegetation patterns of a rapidly drying up salt lake ecosystem: Lake Urmia, NW Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Ghorbanalizadeh ◽  
Hossein Akhani ◽  
Erwin Bergmeier
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Vegetation Patterns ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Drying Up

Batch Material Processing and Glassmaking Technology of 9th Century B.C. Artifacts Excavated from the Site of Hasanlu, Northwest Iran

2002 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen P. Stapleton ◽  
Samuel S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Northwest Iran ◽  
The University ◽  
Plant Ash

ABSTRACTThe site of Hasanlu is located southwest of Lake Urmia (Lake Rezaiyeh) in the province of Western Azerbaijan, northwest Iran. Excavations carried out by Dr. R. H. Dyson, Jr. of the University of Pennsylvania from 1957 to 1977 of the Iron Age levels at Hasanlu yielded a large number of glass beads, as well as glass vessels, and glass furniture inlays or wall fittings. Sampling of many of these pieces was limited to weathered areas, requiring the use of a micro-analytical technique to characterize the glass. Electron microprobe and wavelength dispersive analysis were used to characterize the chemical compositions of the glasses of Hasanlu. The glasses are soda-lime-silica in composition, containing about 17-21 wt% soda and 2-8 wt% lime. of 51 glasses analyzed to date, 47 contain about 1-6 wt% of magnesia and 1-4 wt% potash, indicative of a plant ash source of alkali. Four glasses contain less than 1 wt% each of magnesia and potash, suggesting that these may have been made with a mineral alkali source like natron.At least 35 glasses contain inclusions of partly reacted batch materials. In blue transparent to translucent, black translucent, and yellow opaque glasses, large, 0.2 mm diameter, droplets of alkali sulfates exhibit features that indicate they were an immiscible liquid coexisting with a surrounding silicate liquid. These sulfate droplets, which appear to be relatively common in the glasses found at Hasanlu, are probably the scum or “gall” that can form during melting of poorly prepared plant ash. Remnants of original raw colorants occur in a few glasses. Many of the black glasses contain polymetallic sulfides of different combinations of lead, copper, antimony, and iron. These inclusions and the glass chemistry are used to interpret the origin and processing of the batch materials, and the conditions under which the materials were melted.

scholarly journals The Late-Holocene climate change, vegetation dynamics, lake-level changes and anthropogenic impacts in the Lake Urmia region, NW Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taravat Talebi ◽  
Elias Ramezani ◽  
Morteza Djamali ◽  
Hamid Alizadeh Ketek Lahijani ◽  
Alireza Naqinezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Holocene Climate ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Lake Level Changes ◽  
Holocene Climate Change

scholarly journals Health effects of airborne particulate matter related to traffic in Urmia, NW Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mohammadi ◽  
Maryam Faraji ◽  
Saeed Mousavi ◽  
Sepideh Nemati ◽  
Mojtaba Momtaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
North West ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Who Guideline

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate exposure to PM10 related to traffic and drying Lake Urmia and its effects on human health in north-west of Iran. Materials and methods: Sampling and analysis was done during 2015 to 2016 using AirQ 2.2.3. Results: The annual mean of PM10 concentrations were 106 μg/m3, which was too higher than 20 μg/m3 recommended by WHO guideline. The maximum seasonal mean concentration of PM10 was observed in winter (138 μg/ m3). Attributable proportion (AP) due to exposure to PM10 were estimated 5.487% (95%CI: 3.726-7.185%) of non-accidental mortality cases, 8.011% (95%CI; 4.615-11.174%) of cardiovascular mortality, and 11.174% (95%CI; 4.615-16.215%) of respiratory mortality, for Urmia inhabitants. With every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 concentrations, relative risk (RR) for total mortality increased by 0.6%. Conclusion: The total cases numbers for hospital admission due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in central RR were 257 and 666 cases, respectively. Since incineration fossil fuel, the salty dust storms caused by climate change and drying Urmia Lake is natural, therefore, increasing green space and extensive activities such as desertification are need to control this phenomenon that is extremely challenging. 

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