scholarly journals Built-in bad luck: Evidence of near-miss outcomes by design in scratch cards

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Stange ◽  
Dan G. Brown ◽  
Kevin Harrigan ◽  
Michael Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Card Game ◽  
Card Games ◽  
Scratch Cards ◽  
Two Samples

Scratch cards are a pervasive form of gambling in the Canadian marketplace. Despite their widespread appeal, we are only beginning to understand the influence of their structural characteristics on the player. The most widely studied of these characteristics is the near-miss, a game outcome in which the player gets two of the three needed symbols to win a jackpot prize. Although other authors have noted the existence of these outcomes in scratch cards, no systematic investigation has been undertaken to understand their occurrence in these games. We present the results of an analysis to determine the frequency of these outcomes using two samples (sample A, n = 41; sample B, n = 61) of a popular scratch card game available in Ontario, Canada. Our results suggest that certain scratch card games may be designed to include more pairs of jackpot symbols (i.e., more near-miss outcomes) than any other symbol pair. In the game that we analyzed, the top prize symbol occurred more often than any other symbol and appeared to be manipulated to appear in clusters of two, creating many near-miss outcomes to the jackpot prize. This work has strong implications for the study of gambling behaviour, responsible gambling strategies, as well as for the scientific investigation of scratch card games. Les cartes à gratter sont une forme très répandue de jeux sur le marché canadien. Malgré leur grand attrait, nous commençons à comprendre l’influence de leurs caractéristiques structurelles sur le joueur. La caractéristique la plus étudiée parmi elles est un résultat s'approchant du résultat gagnant; le joueur obtient deux des trois symboles nécessaires pour gagner un gros lot. Bien que d’autres auteurs aient noté l’existence de ce genre de résultats dans des cartes à gratter, aucune enquête systématique n’a été entreprise pour comprendre leur occurrence dans ces jeux. Nous présentons les résultats d’une analyse pour déterminer la fréquence de ces résultats en utilisant deux échantillons (échantillon A, n = 41; échantillon B, n = 61) d’un jeu de cartes à gratter populaire, vendu en Ontario, au Canada. Selon nos résultats, certains jeux de cartes à gratter peuvent être conçus pour inclure plus de paires de symboles pour le gros lot (c’est-à-dire des résultats plus proches) que n’importe quelle autre paire de symboles. Dans le jeu que nous avons analysé, le symbole du prix le plus élevé était présent plus souvent que tout autre symbole et semblait être manipulé pour apparaître en grappes de deux, créant de nombreux résultats proches du résultat gagnant. Ce travail a de fortes répercussions pour l’étude du comportement du jeu, du jeu et des stratégies responsables, de même que pour l’étude scientifique des jeux de cartes à gratter.

scholarly journals Built-in bad luck: Evidence of near-miss outcomes by design in scratch cards

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Stange ◽  
Dan G. Brown ◽  
Kevin Harrigan ◽  
Michael Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Card Game ◽  
Card Games ◽  
Scratch Cards ◽  
Two Samples

Scratch cards are a pervasive form of gambling in the Canadian marketplace. Despite their widespread appeal, we are only beginning to understand the influence of their structural characteristics on the player. The most widely studied of these characteristics is the near-miss, a game outcome in which the player gets two of the three needed symbols to win a jackpot prize. Although other authors have noted the existence of these outcomes in scratch cards, no systematic investigation has been undertaken to understand their occurrence in these games. We present the results of an analysis to determine the frequency of these outcomes using two samples (sample A, n = 41; sample B, n = 61) of a popular scratch card game available in Ontario, Canada. Our results suggest that certain scratch card games may be designed to include more pairs of jackpot symbols (i.e., more near-miss outcomes) than any other symbol pair. In the game that we analyzed, the top prize symbol occurred more often than any other symbol and appeared to be manipulated to appear in clusters of two, creating many near-miss outcomes to the jackpot prize. This work has strong implications for the study of gambling behaviour, responsible gambling strategies, as well as for the scientific investigation of scratch card games. Les cartes à gratter sont une forme très répandue de jeux sur le marché canadien. Malgré leur grand attrait, nous commençons à comprendre l’influence de leurs caractéristiques structurelles sur le joueur. La caractéristique la plus étudiée parmi elles est un résultat s'approchant du résultat gagnant; le joueur obtient deux des trois symboles nécessaires pour gagner un gros lot. Bien que d’autres auteurs aient noté l’existence de ce genre de résultats dans des cartes à gratter, aucune enquête systématique n’a été entreprise pour comprendre leur occurrence dans ces jeux. Nous présentons les résultats d’une analyse pour déterminer la fréquence de ces résultats en utilisant deux échantillons (échantillon A, n = 41; échantillon B, n = 61) d’un jeu de cartes à gratter populaire, vendu en Ontario, au Canada. Selon nos résultats, certains jeux de cartes à gratter peuvent être conçus pour inclure plus de paires de symboles pour le gros lot (c’est-à-dire des résultats plus proches) que n’importe quelle autre paire de symboles. Dans le jeu que nous avons analysé, le symbole du prix le plus élevé était présent plus souvent que tout autre symbole et semblait être manipulé pour apparaître en grappes de deux, créant de nombreux résultats proches du résultat gagnant. Ce travail a de fortes répercussions pour l’étude du comportement du jeu, du jeu et des stratégies responsables, de même que pour l’étude scientifique des jeux de cartes à gratter.

The Grasp Cell Hypothesis: Near-miss effect points to common neurological machinery in posterior parietal cortex for controllable objects and concepts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogen M Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Spatial Influence ◽  
Reward Probability ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Action Value

The near-miss effect in gambling behaviour occurs when an outcome which is close to a win outcome invigorates gambling behaviour notwithstanding lack of associated reward. In this paper I postulate that the processing of concepts which are deemed controllable is rooted in neurological machinery located in the posterior parietal cortex specialised for the processing of objects which are immediately actionable or controllable because they are within reach. I theorise that the use of a common machinery facilitates spatial influence on the perception of concepts such that the win outcome which is 'almost complete' is perceived as being 'almost within reach'. The perceived realisability of the win increases subjective reward probability and the associated expected action value which impacts decision-making and behaviour. This novel hypothesis is the first to offer a neurological model which can comprehensively explain many empirical findings associated with the near-miss effect as well as other gambling phenomena such as the ‘illusion of control’. Furthermore, when extended to other compulsive behaviours such as drug addiction, the model can offer an explanation for continued drug-seeking following devaluation and for the increase in cravings in response to perceived opportunity to self-administer, neither of which can be explained by simple reinforcement models alone. This paper therefore provides an innovative and unifying perspective for the study and treatment of behavioural and substance addictions.

scholarly journals RESPONSIBLE MARKETING AND ADVERTISING IN GAMBLING: A CRITICAL REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Parke ◽  
Andrew Harris ◽  
Jonathan Parke ◽  
Jane Rigbye ◽  
Alex Blaszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Harm Minimisation ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Impact

Marketing and advertising play a significant role in the adoption of attitudes and societal norms, which have been shown to have a direct impact on behavioural intentions, ultimately leading to behavioural execution. Concurrent with other attempts to inform policy strategy with respect to harm minimisation in gambling there is a paucity of evidence pertaining to the impact that gambling advertising has on gambling behaviour, gambling-related harm, and the efficacy of advertising regulations to minimise harm. There appears to be an overwhelming portrayal of gambling as a normative, legitimate social activity, at the expense of highlighting the potential risks involved. Furthermore, new marketing techniques utilising the social media platform are able to instil emotive and positive attitudes towards gambling brands and products, as well as enabling consumers to widely share and recommend gambling products across their online community, sometimes exposing under-age and vulnerable populations to gambling. The following paper critically reviews existing research investigating the impact of current gambling advertising and marketing campaigns on both vulnerable (i.e. adolescents and problem gamblers) and normal adult populations, looking specifically at the impact of exposure, the positive framing of gambling, and the transparency of marketing techniques. It is concluded that marketing and advertising in gambling needs to facilitate more informed choice for consumers, and a more balanced approach in the framing of gambling. It is suggested that risk information is presented asynchronously to gambling promotions, as opposed to being delivered as peripheral information, and moreover future strategies need to be based on robust empirical evidence demonstrating the impact of responsible gambling advertising and marketing on behaviour.

scholarly journals Links between problem gambling and spending on booster packs in collectible card games: A conceptual replication of research on loot boxes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0247855
Author(s):  
David Zendle ◽  
Lukasz Walasek ◽  
Paul Cairns ◽  
Rachel Meyer ◽  
Aaron Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Real World ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Card Game ◽  
Card Games ◽  
Equivalence Tests ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Collectible Card Games

Loot boxes are digital containers of randomised rewards present in some video games which are often purchasable for real world money. Recently, concerns have been raised that loot boxes might approximate traditional gambling activities, and that people with gambling problems have been shown to spend more on loot boxes than peers without gambling problems. Some argue that the regulation of loot boxes as gambling-like mechanics is inappropriate because similar activities which also bear striking similarities to traditional forms of gambling, such as collectable card games, are not subject to such regulations. Players of collectible card games often buy sealed physical packs of cards, and these ‘booster packs’ share many formal similarities with loot boxes. However, not everything which appears similar to gambling requires regulation. Here, in a large sample of collectible card game players (n = 726), we show no statistically significant link between in real-world store spending on physical booster and problem gambling (p = 0.110, η2 = 0.004), and a trivial in magnitude relationship between spending on booster packs in online stores and problem gambling (p = 0.035, η2 = 0.008). Follow-up equivalence tests using the TOST procedure rejected the hypothesis that either of these effects was of practical importance (η2 > 0.04). Thus, although collectable card game booster packs, like loot boxes, share structural similarities with gambling, it appears that they may not be linked to problem gambling in the same way as loot boxes. We discuss potential reasons for these differences. Decisions regarding regulation of activities which share structural features with traditional forms of gambling should be made on the basis of definitional criteria as well as whether people with gambling problems purchase such items at a higher rate than peers with no gambling problems. Our research suggests that there is currently little evidence to support the regulation of collectable card games.

MODEL-MODEL PERMAINAN KARTU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MAHĀRAH AL QIRĀAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Ahmad Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Card Game ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Card Games ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Answer Card ◽  
Card Model

<p><em>Reading is a communication process between the reader (al Qāri) and the writer (al Kātib) to understand the reading text and get the messages contained in it through words/written language that has a cognitive relationship (thinking) between spoken language and written language. However, learning al Qirāah taught in schools is very difficult to learn, tedious, and uninteresting. It can even make students feel afraid to read it. This research uses qualitative descriptive research, and the goal is to describe the models of card games in learning mahārah al Qirāah at State High School 5 Banjarmasin. Learning al Qirāah taught in schools is very difficult to learn, tedious and uninteresting, and can even make students feel afraid to read it. However, the results show that card game models are very motivating and increase the enthusiasm and passion of learning for students, make it easier for students to understand the material, and help the boring learning process become fun and exciting. Gaming models using the card in mahārah al Qirāah that can be used are the word card model, sentence card model, question and answer card model, answer complementary card model and pictorial mufradat card model.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>: <em>Card Model</em><em>, Learning, Mahārah Al Qirāah</em></p><p> </p>

Things You can Try: Geo-gin

1974 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
Janis A. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Card Game ◽  
Card Games ◽  
Geometric Concepts

Most students in the upper elementary grades have played and enjoyed card games. Geo-gin is a card game that makes use of some important geometric concepts such as spatial perception, identification, and discrimination. It is designed for groups of two to four students.

The impact of video lottery game speed on gamblers

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ladouceur ◽  
Serge Sévigny
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Speed Condition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Video Lottery ◽  
Practical Implications

Video lotteries seem to be one of the most profitable games for the gambling industry and are reported as the game of choice for many problem gamblers. Their popularity or, in some cases, their addictiveness, might be related to their structural characteristics: reinforcement schedule, lights, appearance, sound, and speed. We investigated the effects of video lottery game speed on concentration, motivation to play, loss of control, and number of games played. Forty-three participants were randomly assigned to either a high-speed (5 seconds) or a low-speed (15 seconds) condition. Results: gamblers in the high-speed condition played more games and underestimated the number of games played more than did participants in the low-speed condition. However, speed did not influence concentration, motivation, or loss of control over time or money. Conclusion: speed has a limited impact on occasional video lottery gamblers. The theoretical and practical implications of speed are discussed in the context of responsible gambling policies.

Quantitative Analysis of Titanium Samples by Means of the Pore-Throat Network Code Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
Camargo Moreira Anderson ◽  
Prado Kronbauer Denise ◽  
Andre Rafael Cunha ◽  
Alexandre Antunes Ribeiro ◽  
Marize Varella de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Network Code ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Surgical Implants ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Porous Biomaterials

Several studies about porous biomaterials indicate that surgical implants success is directly linked to its surface morphology and structural characteristics. Porous implants improve osseointegration at the implant-bone interface, since they induce new bone tissue formation inside the pores providing a better mechanical stability. One of the most important parameters is the size of the pores. However, if the connectivity among the pores is not large enough for good blood irrigation, the osteocytes cells cannot reach the pores, no matter its size. The aim of this work is to analyze the porous structure of titanium samples fabricated by powder metallurgy, by characterizing pores and connections separately. This kind of structure characterization is important to improve the design of porous biomaterials. To accomplish it, a numerical code which converts 3D images into a pore-throat network structure was adopted. With this code, parameters such as size, frequency and quantity of pores and their connections can be determined. To acquire the 3D images of the samples, X-ray microtomography was used. Two samples were analyzed with distinct pore morphological types. The main result showed marked differences between the structures related to the connections radius, which suggests the one with better blood permeability.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN "FLASH CARD GAME" DAN "QUIZ-QUIZ TRADE" PADA MATERI PRODUK KREATIF DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA TEKNIK AUDIO VIDEO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Card Game ◽  
Card Games ◽  
Audio Video

Pemilihan metode pembelajaran sangat menentukan kualitas pengajaran dalam proses belajar mengajar, untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran diperlukan penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang optimal. Hal ini berarti untuk mencapai pengajaran yang berkualitas, setiap pengajaran hams diorganisasikan dandisampaikan pada siswa den gan metode pembelajaran yang tepat.Salah satu model pembelajaran menurut peneliti yang dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan proses dan hasil belajar siswa adalah pendekatan pembelajaran kooperatif model Flash card games dan quiz - quiz trade. Kelebihan pembelajaran kooperatif model Flash card games dan quiz - quiz trade adalah cara yang efisien dalam mcnarik pehatian siswa mempelajari suatu materi pelajaran.Proses belajar Flash card games dan quiz - quiz trade mendorong untuk mendengarkan, inegklasifikasi, mendiskiipsikan iiubungan antar beberapa variable, membuat prediksi, menyepakaii, mengkomunikasikan, dan bertanggung jawab dengan memberi setiap anggota dari kelompok bagia yang penting dibahas dalam aktivitas akademik.Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Sakdiyah (2002) yang menyatakan bahwa siswa yang diajar dengan metode pembelajaran kooperatif model Flash card games dan quiz - quiz trade memiliki prestasi lebih tinggi dari pada siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional.

scholarly journals ANALISA VISUAL DARI ELEMEN PERMAINAN KARTU ‘THE ART OF BATIK’

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Brian Alvin Hananto ◽  
Jennifer Audiah
Keyword(s):  
Main Issue ◽  
Card Game ◽  
Common Object ◽  
Card Games

Card games have become a common object that is used not only for playing but also to inform and teach several things through its gameplay. ‘The Art of Batik’ was a card game designed by Adhit WP, illustrated by M. Bahroen and published by Hompimpa! Games. The card game wanted to teach its players about a simplified process and steps of producing Batik with its gameplay. Unfortunately, the game is considered hard to understand and it fails to inform the intended messages to its players. The author tries to study more about the issue and the game’s element and rules, the author also examines the visuals and interface of the game. The author concludes that the main issue is found on the visual of ‘The Art of Batik’ card game. The cards have poor information arrangement and hierarchy, which can be properly addressed by reconsidering the layout of the pieces of information. From this conclusion, the author suggests that a redesign of ‘The Art of Batik’ can be executed based on the author's foundings so that the game can be more effectively played and easier to understand.

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