scholarly journals The Role of Cross-Cue Reactivity in Coexisting Smoking and Gambling Habits

2016 ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelgard Wulfert ◽  
Kristen Harris ◽  
James Broussard
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Smoking Cues ◽  
Poker Players

Cigarette smoking is the most common addictive behaviour co-occurring with problem gambling. Based on classical conditioning, smoking and gambling cues may acquire conditioned stimulus properties that elicit cravings for both behaviours. This study examined cross-cue reactivity in 75 men who were regular smokers, poker players or cigarette-smoking poker players. Participants were exposed to discrete cigarette, poker and neutral cues while skin conductance and psychological urges to smoke and gamble were measured. Results showed evidence of cross-cue reactivity based on skin conductance, and subjective response to smoking cues; subjective response to gambling cues was less clear. Smoking gamblers showed greater skin conductance reactivity to cues, and stronger subjective urges to smoke to smoking and gambling cues, compared to individuals who only smoked or only gambled. This study demonstrates evidence for cross-cue reactivity between a substance and a behavioural addiction, and the results encourage further research.

Effects of CS-US Interval on Unconditioned Response Diminution in Human Heart Rate Classical Conditioning

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Redondo ◽  
José L. Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Unconditioned Response ◽  
Training Phase

Abstract This experiment studies the role of the conditioned response (CR) in explaining the unconditioned response (UR) diminution phenomenon in heart rate (HR) classical conditioning. In order to analyze the implication of the different CR components on UR diminution, the interstimulus interval (ISI) was varied. Sixty volunteer subjects received discrimination training with an interval between conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US; aversive white noise) of 8 s. After the discrimination training phase, subjects were randomized into three different groups according to an ISI of 1, 5, or 8 s. The subjects of each group were then tested with five presentations of CS+/US. The results showed that UR amplitude as well as the deceleration immediately before this response (pre-UR deceleration) were significantly lower in the 5 s and 8 s ISI groups than in the 1 s ISI group. In addition, UR amplitude and pre-UR deceleration were statistically the same in the 5 s and 8 s ISI groups. These findings are discussed in terms of the adaptative role of the CR in classical conditioning.

scholarly journals Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Brain Functioning Associated with Smoking Cue-Reactivity and Inhibitory Control in Nonsmoking Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anna Johanna Maria Gemma Boormans ◽  
Joyce Dieleman ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Roy Otten ◽  
Maartje Luijten
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Smoking Cues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Smoking Cue Reactivity

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Despite its well-established negative effects, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure remains highly prevalent worldwide. ETS exposure is associated with a wide range of physical and mental health-related problems among youth, including an increased likelihood to develop nicotine dependence. Up till now, neurocognitive effects of ETS exposure are largely unknown, while such effects could explain the role of ETS exposure in the development of nicotine dependence. Therefore, this preregistered study investigated the role of current ETS exposure in brain functioning associated with smoking cue-reactivity and inhibitory control. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Concurrent with functional magnetic resonance imaging, nonsmoking adolescents aged 14–18 years (<i>N</i> = 51) performed a smoking cue-reactivity task, assessing brain functioning to smoking cues, and a Go/NoGo task measuring inhibitory control. ETS exposure was measured using a self-report questionnaire and biochemically verified. <b><i>Results:</i></b> No significant associations were observed between current ETS exposure and brain functioning associated with smoking cue-reactivity and inhibitory control. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings suggest that low-to-moderate levels of current ETS exposure are not associated with increased salience of smoking cues or deficits in inhibitory control in nonsmoking adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to further clarify the exact effect of lifetime ETS exposure on brain functioning, as well as research focusing on the effects of higher levels of ETS exposure.

A Comprehensive Model of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking in Adolescence: The Role of Attachment Style and Personality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Marianna Masiero ◽  
Ilaria Cutica ◽  
Ketti Mazzocco ◽  
Anna Zunino ◽  
Mark Cropley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette

Cigarette Smoking and Panic: The Role of Neuroticism

2002 ◽  
Vol 159 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Goodwin ◽  
Steven P. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document