scholarly journals Intermodal beat frequency stability in a polarization stabilized HeNe laser with an optical switch

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Budzyn ◽  
Tomasz Podzorny ◽  
Janusz Rzepka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switch ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Hene Laser

Design of 10.2299MHz Frequency Source Based on AD9854

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 336-339
Author(s):  
Guo Yong Wang ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Xiao Hui Li ◽  
Wen Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Allan Deviation ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Frequency Signal ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Frequency Source

To measure frequency stability of 10.23MHz signal, a 10.2299MHz frequency source based on AD9854 was developed. The performance of frequency source was tested using a phase noise and Allan deviation test set 5125A. According to the experiment results, the following conclusion can be drawn that the Allan deviation of the 10.2299MHz frequency signal is about 2.6E-14 at 1s when the 10MHz reference signal was generated by a frequency and phase offset generator HROG-10. The 10.2299MHz frequency source can be used as a common source in dual mixer time difference and as a reference signal in beat frequency method when measuring the frequency stability of 10.23MHz signal.

scholarly journals Improvement of intermodal frequency stability of two-mode HeNe laser

2018 ◽  
Vol 1149 ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
G Budzyn ◽  
J Tkaczyk ◽  
J Rzepka
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Hene Laser

Fast Measurement of Optical Fiber Dispersion Method Based on Optical Switch and Laser Beat Frequency

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 030603
Author(s):  
王旭 Wang Xu ◽  
李小康 Li Xiaokang ◽  
陈龙飞 Chen Longfei
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Dispersion Method ◽  
Fiber Dispersion ◽  
Fast Measurement

Ciliary coordination in newt lung cells requires microtubule-based linkages between basal bodies: A correlative light and EM study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
Robert Hard ◽  
Gerald Rupp ◽  
Matthew L. Withiam-Leitch ◽  
Lisa Cardamone
Keyword(s):  
Basal Body ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Ciliated Cells

In a coordinated field of beating cilia, the direction of the power stroke is correlated with the orientation of basal body appendages, called basal feet. In newt lung ciliated cells, adjacent basal feet are interconnected by cold-stable microtubules (basal MTs). In the present study, we investigate the hypothesis that these basal MTs stabilize ciliary distribution and alignment. To accomplish this, newt lung primary cultures were treated with the microtubule disrupting agent, Colcemid. In newt lung cultures, cilia normally disperse in a characteristic fashion as the mucociliary epithelium migrates from the tissue explant. Four arbitrary, but progressive stages of dispersion were defined and used to monitor this redistribution process. Ciliaiy beat frequency, coordination, and dispersion were assessed for 91 hrs in untreated (control) and treated cultures. When compared to controls, cilia dispersed more rapidly and ciliary coordination decreased markedly in cultures treated with Colcemid (2 mM). Correlative LM/EM was used to assess whether these effects of Colcemid were coupled to ultrastructural changes. Living cells were defined as having coordinated or uncoordinated cilia and then were processed for transmission EM.

Role of the Cilia Membrane in Control of Microtubule Sliding

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 612-615
Author(s):  
Edna S. Kaneshiro
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Ciliary Membrane ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Ciliary Reversal ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Reversal Mechanism ◽  
And Function

It is currently believed that ciliary beating results from microtubule sliding which is restricted in regions to cause bending. Cilia beat can be modified to bring about changes in beat frequency, cessation of beat and reversal in beat direction. In ciliated protozoans these modifications which determine swimming behavior have been shown to be related to intracellular (intraciliary) Ca2+ concentrations. The Ca2+ levels are in turn governed by the surface ciliary membrane which exhibits increased Ca2+ conductance (permeability) in response to depolarization. Mutants with altered behaviors have been isolated. Pawn mutants fail to exhibit reversal of the effective stroke of ciliary beat and therefore cannot swim backward. They lack the increased inward Ca2+ current in response to depolarizing stimuli. Both normal and pawn Paramecium made leaky to Ca2+ by Triton extrac¬tion of the surface membrane exhibit backward swimming only in reactivating solutions containing greater than IO-6 M Ca2+ Thus in pawns the ciliary reversal mechanism itself is left operational and only the control mechanism at the membrane is affected. The topographic location of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels has been identified as a component of the ciliary mem¬brane since the inward Ca2+ conductance response is eliminated by deciliation and the return of the response occurs during cilia regeneration. Since the ciliary membrane has been impli¬cated in the control of Ca2+ levels in the cilium and therefore is the site of at least one kind of control of microtubule sliding, we have focused our attention on understanding the structure and function of the membrane.

Scalable Active Optical Access Network Using Variable High-Speed PLZT Optical Switch/Splitter

2012 ◽  
Vol E95-B (3) ◽  
pp. 730-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunitaka ASHIZAWA ◽  
Takehiro SATO ◽  
Kazumasa TOKUHASHI ◽  
Daisuke ISHII ◽  
Satoru OKAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Optical Access Network
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