Vehicle Compatibility in Automotive Crashes

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Crashes

Enhancing Vehicle Stability Through Model Predictive Control

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig E. Beal ◽  
J. Christian Gerdes
Keyword(s):  
Stability Control ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Convex Optimization Problem ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Vehicle Stability Control ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Finite Time Horizon ◽  
Automotive Crashes

Vehicle stability control systems have been widely and accurately cited as a significant influence in reducing the rate of severe injuries and fatalities in automotive crashes. However, these systems are purely reactive, providing additional control input only after undesired vehicle behavior is sensed. This paper presents a new approach to controlling the motion of a vehicle in highly dynamic situations. This approach solves a convex optimization problem over a finite time horizon to predict and prevent these hazardous situations. Thus, the controller determines input that simultaneously tracks the driver’s intended trajectory while preventing tire saturation. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of this control approach.

High-Speed Biaxial Tissue Properties of the Human Cadaver Aorta

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirag S. Shah ◽  
Matthew J. Mason ◽  
King H. Yang ◽  
Warren N. Hardy ◽  
Chris A. Van Ee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Automobile Crashes ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Constitutive Representation ◽  
Automotive Crashes

Traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA) is one of the leading causes of mortality in automobile crashes. Finite element (FE) modeling, used in conjunction with laboratory experiments, has emerged as increasingly important tool to understand the mechanisms of TRA. Appropriate material modeling of the aorta is a key aspect of such efforts. The current study focuses on obtaining biaxial mechanical properties of aorta tissue at strain rates typically experienced during automotive crashes. Five descending thoracic aorta samples from human cadavers were harvested in a cruciate shape. The samples were subjected to equibiaxial stretch at a strain rate of 44 s−1 using a new biaxial tissue-testing device. Inertially compensated loads were measured. High-speed videography was used to track ink dots marked on the center of each sample to obtain strain. The aorta tissue exhibited anisotropic and nonlinear behavior. The tissue was stiffer in the circumferential direction with a modulus of 10.64 MPa compared to 7.94 MPa in longitudinal direction. The peak stresses along the circumferential and longitudinal directions were found to be 1.89 MPa and 1.76 MPa, respectively. The tissue behavior can be used to develop a better constitutive representation of the aorta, which can be incorporated into FE models of the aorta.

Patterns of pedestrian and automotive crashes within the state of Florida 2015–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Lauren Eichaker ◽  
Harper Calhoun ◽  
Hersh Chaitin ◽  
Cameron Trepeck
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Automotive Crashes

Car Seat Safety: Literature Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Car Seats ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Automotive Crashes

After staggering numbers of infants were killed in automotive crashes in the 1970s, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended in 1974 universal use of car seats for all infants. However, positional problems were reported when car seats are used with premature infants less than 37 weeks gestational age as a result of head slouching and its sequelae. In 1990, the AAP responded with another policy statement introducing car seat testing. It recommended that any infant at or under 37 weeks gestational age be observed in a car seat prior to discharge from the hospital. The AAP did not give specific guidelines on type of car seat, length of testing, equipment, or personnel proficiency, however. Few nurseries have standard policies to evaluate car seats, to teach parents about car seats, or to position newborns in them, and not all hospitals actually conduct car seat challenges or have common standards for testing that is performed.

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