Causes and control of spinal cord injury in automotive crashes

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Viano
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Automotive Crashes ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on Life Satisfaction in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ramezani ◽  
S. Mazraeh
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Skills Training ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Control

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating diseases that affects all aspects of person’s life. Researches have indicated that life satisfaction in these patients is lower than that of others. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of life skills training on life satisfaction in patient with spinal cord injury. This study, having a quasi-experimental design, was performed with pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of patients with spinal cord injury (only men) that is covered by the home health care team of the Kahrizak Charity Foundation of Tehran. To do research, 30 patients of the center were selected by availability sampling and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, 10 sections of life skills training were performed, while no intervention was used for the control group. The research tool used in this study was a Self-Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and a univariate analysis of covariance was used to test results. Findings from the analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups (p< 0,05). This indicated that life skills training improved the life satisfaction in patients with spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Bethanechol versus selegiline in amelioration of spinal cord injury in a rat model: A potential therapeutic option in spinal cord injury treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Guangliang Fan ◽  
Jinli Luan ◽  
Xiankuo Tang ◽  
Qimin Song
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Acetyl Choline ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Control

Purpose: To compare the effect of bethanechol versus selegiline in ameliorating spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model.Methods: Male adult Wistar rats (200 – 250 g) were equally divided into 3 groups: test (SCI rats treated with bethanechol), and control reference (SCI rats treated with selegiline) and control (SCI rats treated with vehicle). SCI was induced in the rats using the clipping method. Thereafter, motor function was assessed in the rats using a rotarod. Each rat was sacrificed by decapitation, and the cortex was excised for use in the study of the involvement of cholinergic and monoaminergic transmission in SCI rats using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.Results: Retention time was numerically greater in rats treated with acetyl choline agonist at all rotations (10, 15 and 25 rpm) when compared to MAO A inhibitor group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Both bethanechol and selegiline improved motor function by increasing cholinergic and monoaminergic transmission. Both drugs (bethanechol and selegiline) were effective in ameliorating the motor function deficit caused by spinal cord injury. A significant upregulation in acetylcholine esterase (AChE) was observed in the cortex of the SCI rats, relative to non-SCI rats (p < 0.005). Results from cholinergic receptor binding studies revealed significantly decreased Bmax and kd values for muscarinic receptors in SCI rats, when compared to non-SCI rats. Moreover, the reduction in the intensity of cholinergic receptors was significantly higher in the cerebral cortex of SCI rats than in non-SCI rats.Conclusion: Bethanechol and selegiline are effective in ameliorating motor function deficit caused by spinal cord injury in rats. Both drugs also improve motor function in SCI rats. Therefore, the drugs have potentials for use in the therapeutical management of spinal cord injury. Keywords: Spinal cord injury, Bethanechol, Selegiline, Motor functions, Monoaminergic transmission, Cholinergic transmission

scholarly journals FES Bike Race preparation to Cybathlon 2016 by EMA team: a short case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Araujo Guimarães ◽  
Lucas Oliveira da Fonseca ◽  
Ana Carolina De Sousa ◽  
Miguel Eduardo Gutierrez Paredes ◽  
George Andrew Brindeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Complete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
And Control

FES-assisted cycling has been recommended to people struggling to emerge from a disability to more functioning life after spinal cord injury. Recommendations issued by a gowing number of scientific papershas promised toimprove body composition and physical activity levels, as well as to controlinvoluntary muscle response; favoring activity and participation which break new grounds in expanding locomotion, leisure and occupational options for people with paraplegia and tetraplegia. In this report we described our experience to select and prepare a pilot to compete in the FES Bike Race modality at Cybathlon 2016 in Kloten (Zurick). He was a man, 38 years old, with a complete spinal cord injury, level T9, three years of injury. He took part in a two preparation phases lasting respectively 18 and 12 weeks each: (1st) pre-FES-cycling and a (2nd) FES-cycling. The 1st phase aimed to explore electrical stimulation response in the quadricps, hamstrings and gluteus muscles; searching for a standard muscular recruitment enable to propel the pedals of a trike. Following, in the 2nd phase, stationary to mobile FES-cycling was performed at the same time the development of the automation and control systems were being incorporated in the trike. We adapted a commercial tadpole trycicle anda pilot controlled system. Although we had planned a three session by week protocol, for reasons of term and time to finish the trike development and be prepared to compete, in the last two weeks before the Cybatlhon an intense level of exercise was maintained. After the race, we noticedinflammatory signs on the left knee which later revealed a patella fracture. The video footage analysis confirmed ithappened during the race’s first lap.

Esophageal sensation in spinal cord-injured patients: balloon distension and cerebral evoked potential recording

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. G937-G941 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. DeVault ◽  
S. Beacham ◽  
D. O. Castell ◽  
L. J. Streletz ◽  
J. F. Ditunno
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sensory Threshold ◽  
Balloon Distension ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
And Control

We sought to determine the esophageal sensory function in patients with a C6 or C7 spinal cord injury. A balloon was repetitively distended 10 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter in five patients and nine normal control subjects. Sensation was reported on a scale from 0 to 2 with progressive distension to pain threshold (level 2). Cortical responses were recorded from midline scalp electrodes. Blinded determinations of quality and reproducibility of the potentials were performed. All subjects experienced sensation with esophageal balloon distension. Volumes to sensation showed a trend toward a higher sensory threshold in patients but were significant only for first sensation, not pain. In all subjects, a triphasic evoked potential response consisting of a negative-positive-negative complex was noted with distension but not with sham distension. Characteristics (amplitude, latency, reproducibility, and quality) of the evoked potentials were not different in patient and control groups. These data suggest sensory pathways from the distal esophagus are intact in patients with a C6 or C7 spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Duration of lipid peroxidation after acute spinal cord injury in rats and the effect of methylprednisolone

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Christie ◽  
Ben Comeau ◽  
Tanya Myers ◽  
Damaso Sadi ◽  
Mark Purdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Control

Object Oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation is a major cause of secondary injury following spinal cord injury (SCI). The objectives of this study were to determine the duration of lipid peroxidation following acute SCI and the efficacy of short-and long-term administration of methylprednisolone on decreasing lipid peroxidation. Methods A total of 226 female Wistar rats underwent clip-compression induced SCI. In the first part of the study, spinal cords of untreated rats were assayed colorimetrically for malondialdehyde (MDA) to determine lipid peroxidation levels at various time points between 0 and 10 days. In the second part of the study, animals were treated with methylprednisolone for either 24 hours or 7 days. Control animals received equal volumes of normal saline. Treated and control rats were killed at various time points between 0 and 7 days. Results The MDA levels initially peaked 4 hours postinjury. By 12 hours, the MDA levels returned to baseline. A second increase was observed from 24 hours to 5 days. Both peak values differed statistically from the trough values (p < 0.008). The methylprednisolone reduced MDA levels (p < 0.04) within 12 hours of injury. No effect was seen at 24 hours or later. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that oxidative stress persists for 5 days following SCI in rats, and although methylprednisolone reduces MDA levels within the first 12 hours, it has no effect on the second lipid peroxidation peak.

Establishing Objectives in Occupational Therapy Practice, Part 1

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R Whalley Hammell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Rehabilitation Plan ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Control

This article examines the range of objectives that needs to be included in a personal rehabilitation plan. It includes an analysis of what is implied by an objective and why realistic objectives should be a part of good planning in a rehabilitation programme. Part 2 will examine why it is important to be able to identify when an objective has been reached and what characteristics an objective must have in order that success in reaching it is immediately and unambiguously identifiable. The objectives are placed in the context of client and professional partnerships, implications of independence and issues surrounding choice and control. Illustration is provided with reference to traumatic spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Exercising Choice and Control: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis of Perspectives of People With a Spinal Cord Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 1752-1762
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Murray ◽  
Gisela Van Kessel ◽  
Michelle Guerin ◽  
Susan Hillier ◽  
Mandy Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Myoelectric Gaming in the Rehabilitation of Patients with C7 Spinal Cord Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1912
Author(s):  
Ramón de la Rosa ◽  
Albano Carrera ◽  
Alonso Alonso ◽  
Benito Peñasco-Martín ◽  
Angel Gil-Agudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Training System ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Fast Adaptation ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

This paper analyses the role of myoelectric games in the rehabilitation of paraplegic patients. The University of Valladolid neuromuscular training system, UVa-NTS platform, which allows the myoelectric command of computer applications, has been introduced in rehabilitation sessions of a group of paraplegic patients. The experiments took place both at the University of Valladolid and at the National Hospital for Paraplegics of Toledo in Spain. A homogeneous population of five patients with a C7 spinal cord injury was compared with a group of control subjects. The myoelectric control was performed with the flexor carpi radialis and the extensor carpi radialis muscles. The myoelectric routines were timed and the game scores measured. Notwithstanding the reduced mobility of the patients, they achieved fast adaptation and better timings than the control subjects in the first experiment (p < 0.001), although this difference was reduced in further experiments. Both patients and control subjects played satisfactorily with the Myo-Pong game. However, the improvement in the scores was better for the control subjects between sessions (p = 0.009) when compared with the patients (p = 0.978). The results show that patients and control subjects were able to perform and reached similar scores. However, patients’ improvement in further rehabilitation sessions was lesser than when compared with the control subjects.

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