FUSE HOLDER, BLOCK-TYPE, 1-, 2-, AND 3-POLE, 1- TO 30-AMPERE, AIRCRAFT

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Block Type

scholarly journals Influence of Parasite Load on the Ability of Type 1 T Cells To Control Leishmania major Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hondowicz ◽  
Phillip Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Population ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Block Type ◽  
Cell Transfer ◽  
Parasite Replication ◽  
High Parasite

ABSTRACT BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major developed a type 2 immune response which failed to control parasite replication. We found that scid mice that received splenocytes from BALB/c mice that had been infected for 3 weeks with L. major (a type 2 cell population) and that were subsequently infected with L. major were protected when they were treated with interleukin 12 (IL-12). In contrast, IL-12 was ineffective at protecting BALB/c mice infected for 3 weeks, suggesting that a high parasite load regulates the development of protective immunity. To determine how this regulation operates, we performed a series of adoptive transfers of naïve, type 1 or type 2 splenocytes into scid mice. The recipient scid mice were infected either for 5 weeks prior to cell transfer (and thus had a high parasite load) or at the time of cell transfer. scid mice that were infected for 5 weeks and received a type 1 cell population were able to cure their lesions. However, when 5-week-infected scid mice received both type 1 and 2 cell populations, they were unable to control their infections. In contrast, the same type 1 and 2 cells transferred to naïve scid mice, which were subsequently infected, provided protection. In addition, we found that naïve cells mediated protection in scid mice with established lesions. These results show that high parasite numbers do not block type 1 protective responses or the development of type 1 responses. Instead, the influence of a high parasite load is dependent on the presence of a type 2 cell population.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on a Powder-Snow Avalanche

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawada ◽  
K. Nishimura ◽  
N. Maeno
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Block Type ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Force Data

To make clear the structure and behaviour of a large-scale avalanche, the impact force-data obtained in the avalanche project of 1972–78 were analysed in detail. The wave forms of impact forces are classified into two types. Type 1 is composed of many separate spikes each of which represents the collision of a snow block. Type 2 has wider peaks, caused by collisons of snow blocks mixed with fluidized snow. Most of the type 1 peaks were in the width range corresponding to 0.005–0.01 s duration, and most type 2 peaks fell into the 0.02–0.1 s range.The internal velocities of an avalanche were estimated by calculating cross-correlation spectra for a time series of impact-force records. It was discovered that these internal velocities varied from 10 to 50 m/s over time. The mean distance between snow blocks was found to be in the range 1.6–5.4 m in a type 1 avalanche, and between 0.7 and 3 m in type 2 avalanches. Sizes of snow blocks or snow clouds of type 1 and type 2 were in ranges 0.26–0.52 and 0.37–1.9 m, respectively.This paper also reports on the project created to initiate artificial powder-snow avalanches in the Shiai-dani area and to make systematic observations of a variety of physical aspects. Results obtained in 1988 for both artificial and natural avalanches are given.

scholarly journals Morbillivirus V Proteins Exhibit Multiple Mechanisms to Block Type 1 and Type 2 Interferon Signalling Pathways

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e57063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil K. Chinnakannan ◽  
Sambit K. Nanda ◽  
Michael D. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Block Type ◽  
Interferon Signalling

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on a Powder-Snow Avalanche

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawada ◽  
K. Nishimura ◽  
N. Maeno
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Block Type ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Force Data

To make clear the structure and behaviour of a large-scale avalanche, the impact force-data obtained in the avalanche project of 1972–78 were analysed in detail. The wave forms of impact forces are classified into two types. Type 1 is composed of many separate spikes each of which represents the collision of a snow block. Type 2 has wider peaks, caused by collisons of snow blocks mixed with fluidized snow. Most of the type 1 peaks were in the width range corresponding to 0.005–0.01 s duration, and most type 2 peaks fell into the 0.02–0.1 s range. The internal velocities of an avalanche were estimated by calculating cross-correlation spectra for a time series of impact-force records. It was discovered that these internal velocities varied from 10 to 50 m/s over time. The mean distance between snow blocks was found to be in the range 1.6–5.4 m in a type 1 avalanche, and between 0.7 and 3 m in type 2 avalanches. Sizes of snow blocks or snow clouds of type 1 and type 2 were in ranges 0.26–0.52 and 0.37–1.9 m, respectively. This paper also reports on the project created to initiate artificial powder-snow avalanches in the Shiai-dani area and to make systematic observations of a variety of physical aspects. Results obtained in 1988 for both artificial and natural avalanches are given.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document