Influence of Fuel Injector Nozzle Geometry on Internal and External Flow Characteristics

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja Ye Koo ◽  
Seung Tae Hong ◽  
Joseph S. Shakal ◽  
Shinichi Goto
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
External Flow ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Injector Nozzle

The Sensitivity of Inner Nozzle Flow in Gasoline Direct Injection Injector to the Nozzle Geometry Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhai Li ◽  
Yong Cheng ◽  
Xiaoyan Ma ◽  
Xue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Nozzle Flow ◽  
Nozzle Length ◽  
Injector Nozzle

The inner-flow of gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector nozzles plays an important role in the process of spray, and affects the mixture process in gasoline engine cylinder. The nozzle structure also affects the inner-flow of GDI injector. In order to obtain uniform performance of GDI injector, the size consistency of injector nozzle should be ensured. This paper researches the effect of nozzle length and diameter on the inner flow and analyzes the sensitivity of inner flow characteristics to these structural parameters. First, this paper reveals the process of inception, development, and saturated condition of cavitation phenomenon in injector nozzle. Second, the inner-nozzle flow characteristics are more sensitive to small diameter than large diameter under the short nozzle length, while the sensitivity of the inner-nozzle flow characteristics to large nozzle diameter becomes strong as the increase of the nozzle length. Finally, the influence of nozzle angle on the injection mass flow is studied, and the single nozzle fuel mass will increase as the decrease of nozzle angle α. And the sensitivity of inner-flow characteristic to nozzle angle becomes strong as the decrease of α.

Experimental Study on the Effects of Injector Nozzle and Piston Bowl Geometry on Combustion and Performance in Medium-Speed Diesel Engines

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byong-Seok Kim ◽  
Ki-Doo Kim ◽  
Wook-Hyeon Yoon ◽  
Seung-Hyup Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Piston Bowl ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Current Limit ◽  
Medium Speed

In recent years, many regulations of exhaust gas emissions have been enhanced in not only automotive engines but also marine and power generation engines. So we have done the various studies to reduce NOx in a medium speed diesel engine, HYUNDAI HiMSEN, for satisfying the next IMO(International Maritime Organization) regulation (Tier2, 20∼30% reduction for current limit). The selected parameters for in this study are fuel injector nozzle and piston bowl geometry. These have significant effect on engine performance and combustion. In this study, engine performance experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of fuel injector nozzle geometry including the nozzle hole diameter, hole number, hole length, and injection angle on the fuel oil consumption and NOx emission of HYUNDAI HiMSEN engine. Also experiments have been carried out to evaluate engine performance and combustion with changing piston bowl geometry including the diameter and depth of piston bowl. The measured parameters of engine performance include cylinder pressure, fuel pump pressure, injection pressure, and heat release rate and NOx, etc. We could find out the optimum point of the nozzle geometry and the piston bowl shape regarding to the trade-off curve on fuel oil consumption versus NOx emission to minimize fuel oil consumption and to satisfy NOx regulation of HYUNDAI HiMSEN engines.

scholarly journals Effects of Nozzle Shape on the Flow Characteristics of Premix Injector Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 450-454
Author(s):  
Ronny Yii Shi Chin ◽  
Shahrin Hisham Amirnordin ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Hole Shape ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
K Factor ◽  
Efficient Combustion ◽  
Nozzle Hole ◽  
Nozzle Geometries ◽  
Air Nozzle

The burner system is a patented, unique, higher-efficiency and fuel-injector system that works with a specially designed oil burner to create ultra-efficient combustion that reduces oil use, greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions. This research shows the injector nozzle geometries play a significant role in spray characteristics, atomization and formation of fuel-air mixture in order to improve combustion performance, and decrease some pollutant products from burner system. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of nozzle hole shape on spray characteristics of the premix injector by using CFD. Multiphase of volume of fluid (VOF) cavitating flow inside nozzles are determined by means of steady simulations and Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid approach is used for performing mixing of Jatropha oil and air. Nozzle flow simulations resulted that cavitation area is strongly dependent on the nozzle hole shape. Conical hole with k-factor of 2 provides higher flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy compared with conical hole with k-factor of 1.3 and cylindrical hole. The results show that the premix injector nozzle hole shape gives impact to the spray characteristics and indirectly affects the emission of the system.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Fuel Injector Nozzle Geometry - Influence on Liquid Fuel Contraction Coefficient and Reynolds Number

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Lino Kocijel ◽  
Vedran Mrzljak ◽  
Maida Čohodar Husić ◽  
Ahmet Čekić
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Contraction Coefficient ◽  
Nozzle Length ◽  
Injector Nozzle

This paper investigates the influence of the fuel injector nozzle geometry on the liquid fuel contraction coefficient and Reynolds number. The main three fuel injector nozzle geometry parameters: nozzle diameter (d), nozzle length (l) and nozzle inlet radius (r) have a strong influence on the liquid fuel contraction coefficient and Reynolds number. The variation of the nozzle geometry variables at different liquid fuel pressures, temperatures and injection rates was analyzed. The liquid fuel contraction coefficient and Reynolds number increase with an increase in the nozzle diameter, regardless of the fuel injection rate. An increase in the r/d ratio causes an increase in the fuel contraction coefficient, but the increase is not significant after r/d = 0.1. A nozzle length increase causes a decrease in the fuel contraction coefficient. Increase in the nozzle length of 0.5 mm causes an approximately similar decrease in the contraction coefficient at any fuel pressure and any nozzle length. Fuel injectors should operate with minimal possible nozzle lengths in order to obtain higher fuel contraction coefficients.

scholarly journals Effects of Nozzle Diameter on the Spray Characteristics of Premix Injector in Burner System

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 570-574
Author(s):  
Shahrin Hisham Amirnordin ◽  
Salwani Ismail ◽  
Ronny Yii Shi Chin ◽  
Norani Mansor ◽  
Mas Fawzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Nozzle Flow ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Discrete Phase ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Steady Simulation ◽  
Two Fluid

An essential component of the injector nozzle geometry is to see the results spray atomization and mixture formation of the fuel-air combustion to improve performance, and reduce pollution from a burner. Studies involving the injectors in the combustion burner are still in a small proportion, particularly in the premix injector type. Thus, this study involves the efforts to determine the appropriate diameter of the premix injector where the injector spray characteristics is produced by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Multiphase of the volume of fluid (VOF) cavitations flow in the nozzle is determined through steady simulation while Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid approach is used for performing mixing of Jatropha oil and air. Further simulation is conducted using a spray with a discrete phase injection at the outflow hole injector nozzle. The investigation involves the modification of nozzle geometry on three different sizes of 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm with the analysis focused on nozzle flow characteristics of the injector. The results indicate that a small changes in injector gives high impact to the spray and combustion of a burner. This shows the importance of nozzle dimensions which influences the nozzle flow and affects the spray characteristics, hence influence the combustion and emission of the burner system.

Advanced Fuel Injection System Using a Supercavitating Fuel Injector

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Gattoni ◽  
David M. Sykes ◽  
Paul E. Yelvington
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Fuel Delivery

Using the latest manufacturing technology and patented nozzle geometry, an innovative high-speed (two or more injections at an engine operating speed of 6,000 RPM), lightweight fuel injection system was developed that controls supercavitation within the fuel injector nozzle. The patented supercavitating fuel injector nozzle reduces the penetration length of the fuel spray by 25–30%, average droplet size by 15.5% when operating at the same fuel pressure, and improves droplet size uniformity over conventional nozzles. The combination of these properties represents a tremendous opportunity to improve fuel delivery in engines. In addition to the performance benefits, this technology could be easily implemented into any direct-injected engine system, both compression ignition and spark ignition engines, reciprocating and rotary, because only the nozzle assembly needs to be developed for that particular fuel injector platform.

Research on Nozzle Geometry Measurement with Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1007-1014
Author(s):  
Cang Su Xu ◽  
Qi Yuan Luo ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Fang Qi ◽  
Yi Fan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Fuel Atomization ◽  
Geometry Measurement

The performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines are largely governed by fuel atomization and spray processes which in turn are strongly influenced by the flow dynamics inside the injector nozzle. Accurate measurement of the nozzle geometry is important for the study of the flow dynamics. Using the third-generation synchrontron radiation light source of the ShangHai Light Source (SSRF), the research team successfully captured the internal structure images of the single hole nozzle and multi-hole nozzle. According to the captured images, the researchers clearly observed the internal structure of nozzle as well as the sac region. The diameter and length of the nozzles and orifice angle were also be accurately measured.

scholarly journals Modeling a fuel injector for a two-stroke diesel engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Rafał SOCHACZEWSKI ◽  
Zbigniew CZYŻ ◽  
Ksenia SIADKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Injector Nozzle

This paper discusses the modeling of a fuel injector to be applied in a two-stroke diesel engine. A one-dimensional model of a diesel injector was modeled in the AVL Hydsim. The research assumption is that the combustion chamber will be supplied with one or two spray injectors with a defined number of nozzle holes. The diameter of the nozzle holes was calculated for the defined options to provide a correct fuel amount for idling and the maximum load. There was examined the fuel mass per injection and efficient flow area. The studies enabled us to optimize the injector nozzle, given the option of fuel injection into the combustion chamber to be followed.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Flow Field in a Swirl Nozzle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yicheng Sun ◽  
Yufan Fu ◽  
Baohui Chen ◽  
Jiaxing Lu ◽  
Wanquan Deng
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
External Flow ◽  
Droplet Velocity ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Local Pressure

In order to study the internal flow characteristics and external droplet velocity distribution characteristics of the swirl nozzle, the following methods were used: numerical simulations were used to study the internal flow characteristics of a swirl nozzle and phase Doppler particle velocimetry was used to determine the corresponding external droplet velocity distribution under medium and low pressure conditions. The distributions of pressure and water velocity inside the nozzle were obtained. Meanwhile, the velocities of droplets outside the nozzle in different sections were discussed. The results show that the flow rate in the swirl nozzle increases with the increase in inlet pressure, and the local pressure in the region decreases because of the excessive velocity at the internal outlet section of the swirl nozzle, resulting in cavitation. The experimental results show that under an external flow field, the minimum droplet velocity occurs in the axial direction; starting from the axis, the velocity first increases and then decreases along the radial direction. Swirling motion inside the nozzle and velocity variations in the external flow field occur under medium and low pressure conditions. The relationship between the inlet pressure and the distributions of water droplets’ velocities was established, which provides a reference for the research and development of the swirl nozzle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document