scholarly journals Modeling a fuel injector for a two-stroke diesel engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Rafał SOCHACZEWSKI ◽  
Zbigniew CZYŻ ◽  
Ksenia SIADKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Injector Nozzle

This paper discusses the modeling of a fuel injector to be applied in a two-stroke diesel engine. A one-dimensional model of a diesel injector was modeled in the AVL Hydsim. The research assumption is that the combustion chamber will be supplied with one or two spray injectors with a defined number of nozzle holes. The diameter of the nozzle holes was calculated for the defined options to provide a correct fuel amount for idling and the maximum load. There was examined the fuel mass per injection and efficient flow area. The studies enabled us to optimize the injector nozzle, given the option of fuel injection into the combustion chamber to be followed.

scholarly journals Investigation on the process of injection of commercial grade and blended fuel in a diesel engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
F.I Abramchuk ◽  
A.M Avramenko ◽  
A.P Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. A computational valuation of the parameters of the process of commercial grade and blended fuel flow in the injector nozzle of a locomotive diesel engine, and its impact on spraying conditions in the combustion chamber. Methodology. The scientific investigation is based on using the technique of a comparative numerical experiment. Modern numerical methods in computational fluid dynamics are used for simulating fuel flow and spraying processes in the injector nozzle and combustion chamber. Findings. It was found that when working with commercial grade fuel with maximum pressure in the area of the injector well of 85MPa, the fuel flow velocity in the fuel injection nozzle hole reaches 434 m/s, whereas when working with fuel blended with alcohol the velocity decreases to 429 m/s (at a 25% alcohol concentration). Due to the lower pressure of saturated vapours of the blended fuel, as compared to that of commercial grade fuel, the fuel-air mixing conditions degrade at the operating duty being investigated. Originality. The investigation helped to study the impact of blended fuel composition on changes in the processes of its flow in the injector nozzle, and on the injection into the combustion chamber and the fuel-air mixing conditions. The study results helped to develop recommendations on ensuring effective ICE operation with blended fuel. Practical value. A change in the conditions of blended fuel spraying and fuel-air mixing should be taken into account when choosing effective fuel injection advance angles and fueling principles in order to ensure high ICE economic and ecological performance.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production Using Modified Direct Transesterification by Sequential Use of Acid-Base Catalysis and Performance Evaluation of Diesel Engine Using Various Blends

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9731
Author(s):  
T. M. Yunus Khan ◽  
Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽  
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ◽  
Sanjeev V. Khandal ◽  
Sarfaraz Kamangar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Direct Transesterification ◽  
Fuel Injection Timing

Biodiesel is a seemingly suitable alternative substitute for conventional fossil fuels to run a diesel engine. In the first part of the study, the production of biodiesel by modified direct transesterification (MDT) is reported. An enhancement in the biodiesel yield with a considerable reduction in reaction time with the MDT method was observed. The required duration for diesel and biodiesel blending was minimized including glycerol separation time from biodiesel in the MDT method. The development in the automotive sector mainly focuses on the design of an efficient, economical, and low emission greenhouse gas diesel engine. In the current experimental work Ceiba pentandra/Nigella sativa and diesel blends (CPB10 and NSB10) were used to run the diesel engine. A variety of approaches were implemented to improve the engine performance for these combinations of fuels. The fuel injector opening pressure (IOP) was set at 240 bar, the torriodal re-entrant combustion chamber (TRCC) having a six-hole injector with a 0.2 mm orifice diameter each, provided better brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with lower emissions compared with the hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC) and trapezoidal combustion chamber (TCC) for both CPB10 and NSB10. CPB10 showed better performance compared with NSB10. A maximum BTE of 29.1% and 28.6% were achieved with CPB10 and NSB10, respectively, at all optimized conditions. Diesel engine operation with CPB10 and NSB10 at 23° bTDC fuel injection timing, and 240 bar IOP with TRCC can yield better results, close to a diesel run engine at 23° bTDC fuel injection timing, and 205 bar IOP with HCC.

Effects of Fuel Injection Timing in the Combustion of Biofuels in a Diesel Engine at Partial Loads

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sequera ◽  
R. N. Parthasarathy ◽  
S. R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Fuel Injection Timing ◽  
Partial Loads

Methyl and ethyl esters of vegetable oils have become an important source of renewable energy with convenient applications in compression-ignition (CI) engines. While the use of biofuels results in a reduction of CO, particulate matter, and unburned hydrocarbons in the emissions, the main disadvantage is the increase of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The increase in NOx emissions is attributed to differences in chemical composition and physical properties of the biofuel, which in turn affect engine operational parameters such as injection delay and ignition characteristics. The effects of fuel injection timing, which can compensate for these changes, on the performance and emissions in a single cylinder air-cooled diesel engine at partial loads using canola methyl ester and its blends with diesel are presented in this study. The engine is a single cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated, CI engine with a displacement volume of 280 cm3 rated at 5 HP at 3600 rpm under a dynamometer load. It was equipped with a pressure sensor in the combustion chamber, a needle lift sensor in the fuel injector, and a crank angle sensor attached to the crankshaft. Additionally, the temperature of the exhaust gases was monitored using a thermocouple inside the exhaust pipe. Pollutant emissions were measured using an automotive exhaust gas analyzer. Advanced, manufacturer-specified standard, and delayed injection settings were applied by placing shims of different thicknesses under the injection pump, thus, altering the time at which the high-pressure fuel reached the combustion chamber. The start of injection was found to be insensitive to the use of biofuels in the engine. The late injection timing of the engine provided advantages in the CO and NO emissions with a small penalty in fuel consumption and thermal efficiency.

An Experimental Investigation of Combustion Chamber Design Parameters for Hot Surface Ignition

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Chown ◽  
Charles Habbaky ◽  
James S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Fuel Utilization ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Glow Plug ◽  
Injector Nozzle

Natural gas requires some form of ignition assist in order to autoignite in the time available in a compression ignition engine. Ignition assist using a glow plug — a heated surface — was investigated using an apparatus that consists of an optically accessible constant volume combustion bomb coupled to a single cylinder CFR engine through the spark plug port. Previous studies have shown the dominant effect of fuel injection pattern and glow plug shield geometry on ignition delay, combustion rate, and fuel utilization with 1–3 fuel jets. New work has been carried out to evaluate the ability of a shielded glow plug to ignite a full nine jet symmetrical fuel injection pattern. The sensitivity of ignition delay and fuel utilization to fuel injector angular alignment relative to the glow plug, glow plug shield opening angle, and glow plug power was analyzed using in-cylinder pressure data and exhaust hydrocarbon emissions concentrations. Two glow plugs, one conventional metallic and one ceramic, and two fuel injector nozzle orifice sizes were evaluated for their effect on ignition delay. The ignition and flame propagation process was observed using high speed images. Glow plug power was shown to have a dominant effect on ignition delay and fuel utilization, with a secondary effect from fuel injector angle and glow plug opening angle. The ceramic glow plug was shown to provide superior ignition assist while consuming less power than the metallic glow plug. The larger fuel injector nozzle size increased ignition delay times, likely due to increased convective cooling of the glow plug surface from the larger gas jet. Acquired images show that the smaller fuel injector orifice size created a flammable path in two distinct areas; along the periphery of the fuel jets and between the fuel jets. The higher mass flow rate and subsequent increased mixing of the larger fuel jets created flammable paths throughout the entirety of the combustion chamber.

Prediction of Combustion Dynamics in a Staged Premixed Combustor

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery A. Lovett ◽  
Kevin T. Uznanski
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Acoustic Path ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Combustion Instabilities ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
System A

Combustion instabilities are a major challenge in the development of low-emissions premixed gas turbine combustors. The development and demonstration of predictive capabilities for instabilities has progressed considerably. One of the major fundamental mechanisms demonstrated in several instances is the convection of fuel concentration fluctuations from the fuel injector to the reaction zone. A one-dimensional model has been developed which captures this mechanism coupled to solutions for standing acoustic waves. Since many real combustion systems include multiple flow paths for mixing and/or staged fuel injection, the model has been extended to include a parallel acoustic path and two fuel injection locations. Splitting of fuel between two injection positions is a common method to influence combustion dynamics toward a more operable system. A relatively simple model which only partially couples acoustics and heat release was applied to an axially staged combustor and the predictions are compared with the experimental behavior. The results from this model successfully predict the overall dynamics behavior as a function of the fuel split between the two injection locations.

Characteristics of injection of diesel fuel, rapeseed oil and their mixtures in diesel engines of various types

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Engine Type

The necessity of adapting diesel engines to work on vegetable oils is justified. The possibility of using rapeseed oil and its mixtures with petroleum diesel fuel as motor fuels is considered. Experimental studies of fuel injection of small high-speed diesel engine type MD-6 (1 Ch 8,0/7,5)when using diesel oil and rapeseed oil and computational studies of auto-tractor diesel engine type D-245.12 (1 ChN 11/12,5), working on blends of petroleum diesel fuel and rapeseed oil. When switching autotractor diesel engine from diesel fuel to rapeseed oil in the full-fuel mode, the mass cycle fuel supply increased by 12 %, and in the small-size high-speed diesel engine – by about 27 %. From the point of view of the flow of the working process of these diesel engines, changes in other parameters of the fuel injection process are less significant. Keywords diesel engine; petroleum diesel fuel; vegetable oil; rapeseed oil; high pressure fuel pump; fuel injector; sprayer

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE PROCESS OF BIOFUEL INJECTION / BIODEGALŲ IŠPURŠKIMO PROCESO TYRIMAS

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
Birutė Skukauskaitė ◽  
Tomas Mickevičius
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Engine Combustion

The purpose of this research was to examine penetration peculiarities of rapeseed oil injected into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. For conducting tests, a stand imitating conditions (air density) for the engine combustion chamber was designed. The analysis of pictures obtained using a fast recording camera determined fuel injection into the chamber volume and calculated the velocity of spray head. It was established that fuel spray of injected rapeseed oil proceeds deeper into the combustion chamber than that of mineral diesel fuel. The parameters of fuel spray are mainly influenced by injection pressure rather than by the density of compressed gases. Santrauka Šio darbo tikslas buvo ištirti į dyzelinio variklio degimo kamerą įpurškiamos rapsų aliejaus čiurkšlės kitimo ypatumus, lyginant su mineraliniu dyzelinu. Tyrimams sukonstruotas stendas, kuriame buvo imituojamos sąlygos (oro tankis), esančios variklio degimo kameroje. Analizuojant spartaus filmavimo vaizdo kamera gautus vaizdus, buvo išmatuotas degalų čiurkšlės įsiskverbimo į degimo kamerą dydis, apskaičiuotas čiurkšlės fronto judėjimo greitis. Nustatyta, kad įpurškiamo rapsų aliejaus čiurkšlė į degimo kamerą įsiskverbia giliau, negu mineralinio dyzelino čiurkšlė. Įpurškiamų degalų čiurkšlės parametrams didesnės įtakos turi įpurškimo slėgis nei aplinkos dujų tankis.

scholarly journals Modern Technologies for Micro-drilling of the Fuel Injector Nozzle used in Motor Vehicles - A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Dorinel Popa ◽  
Cristin-Olimpiu Morariu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Pilot Hole ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Electro Discharge Machining ◽  
Micro Drilling

To cope with the pollution norms and an improvement of the combustion of the internal combustion engines, high-quality holes with diameters smaller than 145 µm are needed for the manufacture of fuel injection nozzles. The current practice of using drilling by electro-discharge machining of fuel injection nozzles is limited in terms of the size of the hole it can efficiently produce and the time required for drilling. In addition, the cost of the tool is high. This paper presents an investigation into a sequential laser and electro-discharge micro-drilling technique for the manufacture of fuel injection nozzles. A pilot hole drilled with a laser is removed by electrodischarge. It was found that this hybrid process eliminated the problems of reformed and heat-affected areas usually associated with the laser drilling process. The new process has allowed a reduction in total drilling time compared to standard electro-discharge machining drilling, as less material is removed from the electro-discharge machining. The quality of the holes is as good as direct electro-discharge machining drilling. This technique has allowed valuable cost savings and increased production capacity for the manufacture of the fuel injector nozzle.

scholarly journals Injection and Combustion of RME with Water Emulsions in a Diesel Engine

10.14311/1169 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cisek
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Water Fraction

This paper presents ways of using the fully-digitised triggerable AVL VideoScope 513D video system for analysing the injection and combustion inside a diesel engine cylinder fuelled by RME with water emulsions.The research objects were: standard diesel fuel, rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and RME – water emulsions. With the aid of a helical flow reactor, stable emulsions with the water fraction up to 30 % weight were obtained, using an additive to prevent the water from separating out of the emulsion.An investigation was made of the effect of the emulsions on exhaust gas emissions (NOX, CO and HC), particulate matter emissions, smoke and the fuel consumption of a one-cylinder HD diesel engine with direct injection. Additionally, the maximum cylinder pressure rise was calculated from the indicator diagram. The test engine was operated at a constant speed of 1 600 rpm and 4 bar BMEP load conditions. The fuel injection and combustion processes were observed and analysed using endoscopes and a digital camera. The temperature distribution in the combustion chamber was analysed quantitatively using the two-colour method. The injection and combustion phenomena were described and compared.A way to reduce NOX formation in the combustion chamber of diesel engines by adding water in the combustion zone was presented. Evaporating water efficiently lowers the peak flame temperature and the temperature in the post-flame zone. For diesel engines, there is an exponential relationship between NOX emissions and peak combustion temperatures. The energy needed to vaporize the water results in lower peak temperatures of the combusted gases, with a consequent reduction in nitrogen oxide formation. The experimental results show up to 50 % NOX emission reduction with the use of 30% water in an RME emulsion, with unchanged engine performance.

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