A Guide to Measurement of Flame Temperature and Soot Concentration in Diesel Engines Using the Two-Colour Method Part 2: Implementation

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicos Ladommatos ◽  
Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Soot Concentration

Soot temperature and concentration measurements from colour charge coupled device camera images using a three-colour method

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Simonini ◽  
S. J. Elston ◽  
C. R. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Soot Concentration ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Soot Loading ◽  
Concentration Measurements ◽  
Operating Points ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Colour Charge

The three-colour method has been developed in order to turn chromatic information in charge coupled device (CCD) camera images of combustion into flame temperature and soot concentration measurements. The method showed the following advantages over the two-colour method from which it is derived: only one camera is needed; no further calibration is required once the response curve of the camera is known; it does not rely on light intensity but on ratios between colour components, making it easy to adapt to different operating points with different name brightness. The results on temperature evaluation were compared with a thermodynamic model, and better agreement was found in the late stages of the cycle, when the radiation from chemical reactions becomes negligible. The error analysis showed that the calculations for soot concentration are ill-conditioned, but when the results are integrated to give a soot loading the accuracy is improved and there is clear evidence of soot evolution and destruction during combustion.

Investigation of Fuel Spray Propagation, Combustion and Soot Formation/Oxidation in a Single Cylinder Medium Speed Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fridolin Unfug ◽  
Uwe Wagner ◽  
Kai W. Beck ◽  
Juergen Pfeil ◽  
Ulf Waldenmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Soot Concentration ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
532 Nm

To fulfil strict emission regulations and the need for higher efficiency of future Diesel engines require an optimized combustion process. Optical investigations represent a powerful tool for getting a better understanding of the ongoing processes. For medium speed Diesel engines, optical investigations are relatively rare or not available. The “Institut für Kolbenmaschinen” (IFKM) and MAN Diesel & Turbo SE performed extensive optical in-situ investigations of the injection and combustion process of a MAN 32/44 CR single cylinder medium speed Diesel engine that provide previously unavailable insights into the ongoing processes. The optical investigations aimed on fuel spray visualization, high-speed soot luminescence measurement and two colour pyrometry applied for five combustion chamber regions. To apply the optical measurement techniques, two optical accesses were designed. Access no. 1 is placed near the cylinder liner. Access no. 2 is located close to the injector in a 46° angle to the cylinder vertical axis. An insert was used which consists of an illumination port and a visualization endoscope. Additionally some special nozzle designs were used beside the standard nozzle, which have one separated nozzle hole. This enables a simultaneous view from both optical accesses on the same flame cone. For Mie-Scattering investigation a pulsed Nd:YAG-Laser with 532 nm wavelength was used for illumination and a CCD-camera with an upstream 532 nm optical filter was used for visualization. This combination allows observing the liquid fuel distribution even after start of combustion. Penetration depth of liquid fuel spray was analysed for different swirl numbers, intake manifold pressures, injection timings and injection pressures. High-speed flame visualization was done by two CMOS cameras which were mounted at two different optical accesses with view on the same flame cone. Due to this application a simultaneous measurement of the flame distribution of two different views was possible. This enables a 3-dimensional investigation of the flame propagation process. In addition, the advanced two colour pyrometry was applied for five different regions of the same flame cone. Due to a calibration after each measurement the absolute radiant flux can be calculated and thus the absolute temperature and soot concentration. With this procedure it was possible to give a real temperature and soot concentration distribution of the flame cone. To provide more detailed information about the combustion process, selected engine operation points were simulated with a modified version of the CFD code KIVA3v-Release2 at the IFKM. The simulated results were compared to the measured data.

scholarly journals Computational and experimental determination of flame radiation parameters in the combustion chamber of a marine diesel engine

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Б.И. Руднев ◽  
О.В. Повалихина
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Flame Radiation ◽  
Marine Diesel

Температура пламени и степень черноты определяют его собственное излучение. Однако оценка указанных параметров на стадии проектирования судовых дизелей представляет собой трудную и еще пока нерешенную проблему. Последнее обусловливается сложностью достоверного математического моделирования процесса сгорания топлива в дизельных двигателях и весьма высокой стоимостью экспериментальных исследований в этой области. Целью данной статьи является разработка расчетно-экспериментального метода определения параметров излучения пламени в камере сгорания судового дизеля 6 ЧН 24/36. Показано, что оценка величины температуры пламени в камере сгорания в функции угла поворота коленчатого вала может быть выполнена по температуре газов, найденной из экспериментальной или расчетной индикаторной диаграммы и специального параметра. Последний определяется на основании зависимости, полученной путем обобщения экспериментальных данных по измерениям температуры пламени на ряде дизельных двигателей. Представлены результаты по температуре пламени для судового дизеля 6 ЧН 24/36, полученные с использованием разработанного расчетно-экспериментального метода. Установлено, что с ростом нагрузки температура пламени возрастает. При этом в диапазоне изменения нагрузки дизеля от 50% до 100% от номинальной мощности увеличение температуры пламени примерно в два раза превышает увеличение температуры газов. Использование полученных результатов для оценки собственных потоков излучения пламени в камере сгорания судового дизеля 6 ЧН 24/36 и сопоставление их с известными экспериментальными данными показало сходимость в пределах 10 – 15%. The flame temperature and radiating power are determined with its own radiation. However, the assessment of these parameters at the design stage of marine diesel engines is a complicated and still unsolved problem. The latter is due to the complexity of reliable mathematical modeling of the fuel combustion process in diesel engines and the very high cost of experimental research in this area. The purpose of this article is to develop a computational and experimental method for determining the parameters of flame radiation in the combustion chamber of marine diesel engine 6 ChN 24/36. It is shown that the estimation of the value of flame temperature in the combustion chamber as a function of the crankshaft rotation angle can be performed using the gas temperature found from the experimental or calculated indicator diagram and a special parameter. The latter is determined on the basis of the dependence obtained by generalizing experimental data of the flame temperature measurements at a number of diesel engines. The results on the flame temperature for marine diesel engine 6 ChN 24/36, obtained using the developed computational and experimental method, are presented. It has been found that the flame temperature increases with increasing load. At the same time, in the range of diesel load variation from 50% to 100% of the nominal power, an increase in the flame temperature is approximately twice more than an increase in the gas temperature. The use of the results obtained to assess the intrinsic fluxes of flame radiation in the combustion chamber of marine diesel engine 6 ChN 24/36 and their comparison with the known experimental data showed the convergence within 10 - 15%.

scholarly journals Injection and Combustion of RME with Water Emulsions in a Diesel Engine

10.14311/1169 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cisek
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Water Fraction

This paper presents ways of using the fully-digitised triggerable AVL VideoScope 513D video system for analysing the injection and combustion inside a diesel engine cylinder fuelled by RME with water emulsions.The research objects were: standard diesel fuel, rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and RME – water emulsions. With the aid of a helical flow reactor, stable emulsions with the water fraction up to 30 % weight were obtained, using an additive to prevent the water from separating out of the emulsion.An investigation was made of the effect of the emulsions on exhaust gas emissions (NOX, CO and HC), particulate matter emissions, smoke and the fuel consumption of a one-cylinder HD diesel engine with direct injection. Additionally, the maximum cylinder pressure rise was calculated from the indicator diagram. The test engine was operated at a constant speed of 1 600 rpm and 4 bar BMEP load conditions. The fuel injection and combustion processes were observed and analysed using endoscopes and a digital camera. The temperature distribution in the combustion chamber was analysed quantitatively using the two-colour method. The injection and combustion phenomena were described and compared.A way to reduce NOX formation in the combustion chamber of diesel engines by adding water in the combustion zone was presented. Evaporating water efficiently lowers the peak flame temperature and the temperature in the post-flame zone. For diesel engines, there is an exponential relationship between NOX emissions and peak combustion temperatures. The energy needed to vaporize the water results in lower peak temperatures of the combusted gases, with a consequent reduction in nitrogen oxide formation. The experimental results show up to 50 % NOX emission reduction with the use of 30% water in an RME emulsion, with unchanged engine performance.

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